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1、英语四级范文背诵60篇四六级考试网权威发布2021年6月英语四级阅读范文：海洋学的历史，更多2021年6月英语四级阅读范文相关信息请访问大学英语四六级考试网。【导语】备考英语四级考试的同学们，大范文网四六级频道为大家整理了2021年6月英语四级阅读范文：海洋学的历史一文，盼望对大家备考有所协助，并预祝同学们高分通过考试。Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteen century, scientists with an
2、interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living
3、 from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America
4、 was proposed. The had to know the depth profile(起伏形态)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.mote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alon
5、e to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形态)of the route to
6、 estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测身) were taken to investigate the dept
7、hs of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken ou
8、t for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1873 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brough
9、t home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanogra
10、phic studies take on _.A. an academic aspectB. a military aspectC. a business aspectD. an international aspect2. It was _ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A. the American NavyB. some early intercontinental travelersC. those who earned a living from the seaD. the company which propo
11、sed to lay an undersea cable3. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was _.A. to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB. to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC. to estimate the length of cable that was neededD. to measure the depths of the two oceans4. “Defied”
12、in the 5th paragraph probably means “_”.A. doubtedB. gave proof toC. challengedD. agreed to5. This passage is mainly about _.A. the beginnings of oceanographyB. the laying of the first undersea cableC. the investigation of ocean depthsD. the early intercontinental communications1.C 亊实判定题。文章第3段第2句提到，
13、这个问題的解答是具有商业结果的。C中的business为原文中commercial 同义改写，应选C。2.D 细微环节题。文章第4段首句为一个强调句，强调的是宾语。题干也是一个强调句型，但强调的是主语。假如把原文的强调句型改为一般的句型，就知道向Maury寻求协助的是the Atlantic Telegraph Company.故答案为D。A是Maury的工作单位，可以解除;原文只提到对于一些早期的穿越洲际的旅行家和依靠海洋维持生计的人，海洋并不遥远，故B、C与题意不符。3.D 亊实判定题。文章第4段提到，19世纪40年头，Maury负责推动进展测深工作的海上航行，以此来探测北大西洋与太平洋的深度.应选D。4.C 词义推断题。当时的科学观点是海洋较深的地方不存在生命，而事实上在电缆外表发觉了活的生物.由此可知这一亊实对当时的科学观点提出质疑，故答案为C。5.A 主旨题。通读全文可知，oceanography(海洋学)是全文的中心词，本文主要讲解并描述海洋学是如何起步的，故答案为A 。B、C只表述了原文中个別细微环节，并非主题;D跟全文无关。