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1、高考英语英语阅读篇章专项训练2【篇章6】The return of sea otters to Southeast Alaska over the past 50 years, a project funded by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, has been a conservation success story. Erin Foster, a Nearshore Ecology PhD from Hakai Institute, suggests that sea otter restoration can enhance the geneti
2、c diversity of their habitat. Sea otters reside in coastal habitats, including eelgrass fields, where they feed on rock crabs, often creating foraging pits (觅食坑) in the eelgrass. Foster looked at the impact of this activity on eelgrass genetic diversity by comparing eelgrass ecosystems with no otter
3、s (pre-disturbance) to those where otters had been reintroduced (post-disturbance). It was found that genetic diversity was higher in the areas with otters. Foster argues that genetic richness is of central importance here because it is crucial to resilience (恢复力) and the evolution of clonal organis
4、ms. Why? The primary mode of expansion for eelgrass is clonal growth, but sea otter digging stimulates sexual reproduction in the flowering plant and opens up areas for the seeds to settle.Even though disturbance enhances the diversity and dynamics of many of the worlds ecosystems, its influence on
5、genetic diversity remains poorly appreciated. The amount of disturbance that was observed in the eelgrass fields was relatively low: about 5% of the seafloor had foraging pits, although the pits last only for a short time, and visual observations likely underestimate the amount of activity. The dist
6、urbance theory, presented in 1978 on the basis of evidence from tropical forests and coral reefs, is well known to ecologists. Early studies showed that disturbance could increase species diversity, but researches on the effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively rare.The role of sea
7、 otters in eelgrass fields provides insights into how genetic diversity can change when species interactions are lostand how these patterns can be restored. Without sea otters, genetic diversity appears to decline; when they return, so does diversity. Sea otters were extirpated from much of their ra
8、nge during intense commercial harvests in the 18th and 19th centuries. As their range expanded in the 1960s and 1970s after the disturbance, and their habitats became better understood, sea otters became symbolic species in ecology.The role of sea otters in biogeochemical processes such as the carbo
9、n cycle has gained attention in recent years. During the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), more attention should be paid to rebuilding animal populations and the key ecological functions they provide.16We can learn from the passage that _.Aeelgrass ecosystems are establishe
10、d by sea ottersBeelgrass expands through clonal growth due to sea ottersCthe return of sea otters can increase genetic diversity of eelgrassDeelgrass plays a more important role in the ecosystem than sea otters17What can we infer from Paragraph 3?AThe ecological disturbance theory lacks basic proof.
11、BThe previous researches on disturbance are insufficient.CThe necessity of the research on disturbance is doubted.DThe effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively small.18What does the underlined word “extirpated” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?ARemoved.BRestored.CReproduced.DRelocated.
12、19Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?AThe Ecological Function of Eelgrass FieldsBThe Commitment to Ecological ConservationCThe Strategy for Increasing Sea Otter PopulationDThe Benefit of Disturbance on Genetic Diversity【篇章7】ExhibitionsThe Vanished RealityThe Modern Art O
13、xford Gallery celebrates its 50 years in existence with nine artists, including European big names Marcel Broodthaers and Hans Hacke, exploring the relationship between the production of artwork and the social conditions in which it is created.Modern Art Oxford (018 6572 2733), Dec.15-Dec.31The Tayl
14、or Wessing Photographic PortraitBritains leading international photographic competition is open to gifted amateurs and professionals from around the world, competing for the15,000 prize. Fifty-seven pictures are on show.National Portrait Gallery, London WC2 (020 7306 0055), Feb.10-Feb.26Masters of J
15、apanese PhotographyTimeless beauty and urban bad conditions are the twin poles of post-Second World War Japanese photography. Focusing on the former, while allowing space for the latter, this view of three key figures-Nobuyoshi Araki, Eikoh Hosoe and Kikuji Kawada-features around 60 works and shows
16、the technical skills of Japanese photographers over this period.Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich (016 0359 3199),Mar.8-Mar.19The Radical EyeDrawn from one of the worlds greatest photographic collections-yes, Elton Johns-this astonishing show focuses on the key period between the Twenties an
17、d Fifties, with some photos by Man Ray and key works by Brassai, Lange and Kertesz. A photo takes on a completely different feel when you experiment with exposures, papers and burnishing(抛光) techniques like the master photographers here.Tate Modern, London SE1 (020 7887 8888),May 1-May 720What is sp
18、ecial about the Taylor Wessing Photographic Portrait?ALasting the longest.BOffering some money.CDisplaying more photos.DBeing aimed at amateurs.21Which of the following will be on during the Christmas holiday?AThe Radical Eye.BThe Vanished Reality.CMasters of Japanese Photography.DThe Taylor Wessing
19、 Photographic Portrait.22Where should we go to take part in Masters of Japanese Photography?AModern Art Oxford.BTate Modern, London SE1.CNational Portrait Gallery, London WC2.DSainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich.【篇章8】Birds bodies are becoming smaller in size in response to climate change, even
20、 in places like the Amazon rainforest that are relatively untouched by human hands, according to a new study published in the journal Science Advances.Researchers found that nearly all of the birds bodies have become lighter since the 1980s, losing on average about 2% of their body weight every deca
21、de. For an average bird species that weighed about 30 grams in the 1980s, the population now averages about 27.6 grams. The study also revealed that wingspan was getting bigger in the Amazon bird species studied.These birds dont vary that much in size. When everyone in the population is a couple of
22、grams smaller, its significant. This is undoubtedly happening all over and probably not just with birds.A lower body weight and increasing wing length means that birds use energy more efficiently, the researchers noted. For example, compared with a fighter jet with short wings that needs lots of fue
23、l to fly, a glider plane with a thin body and long wings flies up into the air with much less energy.The study concluded that a warmer climate was the driving force of these changes. The climate in Brazilian Amazonia, where the birds lived, had gotten hotter and wetter over the study period. Since 1
24、966, rainfall increased by 13% in the wet season and fell by 15% in the dry, with temperatures increasing by 1 degree Celsius in the wet season and 1.65 degrees Celsius in the dry season. The change in climate might have made food or other resources insufficient.Together, body proportions moved in t
25、he direction of more efficient flight and lower metabolic heat production and are consistent with a plastic or genetic adaptation to resource or thermal stress under climate change.Animals are dealing with climate change in different ways.23What is the direct cause of birds changes?AA warmer climate
26、.BA scientific advance.CA lack of sufficient food.DA lack of drinking water24Why is a glider plane mentioned in paragraph 4?ATo show planes fly with much less fuel.BTo prove birds need much energy to fly.CTo demonstrate birds efficient energy use.DTo illustrate planes need lots of fuel to fly.25What
27、 will probably be discussed in the following paragraph?AAnimals other body part changes.BPeoples attempts to protect animals.CBirds adaptation to climate change.DAnimals ways to tackle climate change26Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?ABirds Nowadays Also Have to Adapt to Clima
28、te ChangeBThe Climate Crisis Is Influencing Birds Body ShapesCIts Our Duty to Take Measures to Protect Birds on the PlanetDIts Time to Raise Human Beings Awareness of Climate Crisis【篇章9】Could a daily walk be even better for our health than we thought? Several new studies show that walking not only b
29、urns fat, but also boosts longevity (长寿)and has a dramatic anti-ageing effect on the body.In the latest of these findings, due to be published in the journal Communications Biology in the next few weeks, Thomas Yates, a professor at the University of Leicester, showed that walkers who adopt a quick
30、pace can have a biological age 15 years younger than those who take their time. Yates and his team looked at the length of telomeres (端粒)of chromosomes(染色体)in 405,981 middle-aged adults in the UK. As we grow older, our telomeres shorten, which results in accelerated cell ageing. “If we can keep them
31、 long for as long as possible, it acts as a buffer against ageing,” says Yates.Their findings follow a review and analysis of 15 studies on walking involving almost 50,000 people that was published this week. Amanda Paluch at the University of Massachusetts Amhers confirmed that daily walking improv
32、es health and longevity, but more daily steps are better only up to a point. For adults under 60, Paluch showed a daily total of 8,000-10,000 steps was best for reducing risk of early death, while 6,000-8,000 steps was enough for the over-60s.Walking has also recently been shown to strengthen the bl
33、ood flow to the brain. In one of the largest studies, researchers revealed that 20 minutes of quick walking most days from middle age onwards will lower the risk of dementia (痴呆). Professor Edward Zamrini says, “The idea that you can reduce your risk for Alzheimers disease by simply increasing your
34、activity is very promising.”Even in people with some existing age-related memory damage, walking can work wonders, as a year-long study in the Journal of Alzheimers Disease showed. “Walking is by far the best medicine we have for a healthy life,”says Yates.27What did Thomas Yates study find about fa
35、st walking?AIt causes a damaging effect on the body.BIt slows down the process of cell ageing.CIt increases the number of chromosomes.DIt shortens middle-aged adults telomeres.28What does the underlined word “buffer” in Paragraph 2 mean?ASomething shortening telomeres.BSomething speeding up cell age
36、ing.CSomething counting the walking pace.DSomething helping protect from harm.29What did Amanda Paluch consider when doing research?ABody shape.BAge group.COccupation type.DSample size.30What is the best title for the text?AHow daily walking helps burn fatBWhy walking is the best midlife exerciseCHo
37、w many daily steps are better for adultsDWhether walking reduces the risk of dementia【篇章10】）Best Summer Camps in New York StateCamp Eagle HillIn 1963, sixty campers enjoyed Camp Eagle Hill for the first time. Since then, campers have found it a top place to spend their summer vacation in New York wh
38、ile building successful relationships with new friends. Despite the age of your kids, they can find an activity that suits them. There are now two teachers for every seven kids to assure (保证) that your kids receive the careful attention.Iroquois SpringsFounded in 1931, this overnight camp, located i
39、n Rock Hill, New York, is where your kids can find peace and independence. Iroquois Springs hosts 500 children or so between the ages of 7 and 16 over the summer. With an excellent location surrounded by the beauty of nature, you can rest assured your children will enjoy their summer discovering and
40、 participating in new things.Camp Ma-He-TuCamp Ma-He-Tu is an affordable sleep-away camp for girls ages 7 to 15 and was founded over 80 years ago in 1937! The young women there enjoy an exciting mix of traditional camp activities focusing on individual growth, and teamwork! Ma-He-Tu is a small campo
41、nly 110 campers during each session (期)that provides a personal camping experience for every girl and enables campers to learn new skills and make life-long friends in a supportive and friendly environment.Camp LakotaFounded in 1924, Camp Lakota is close to Masten Lake providing a fun environment fo
42、r activities. It creates a safe environment where your kids can make friends, have fun, and find new interests. They can try zip-lining, gymnastics, arts, dance, horseback riding, and theater.31Which is the oldest camp according to the passage?ACamp Eagle Hill.BIroquois Springs.CCamp Ma-He-Tu.DCamp
43、Lakota.32How does Camp Ma-He-Tu differ from the other camps?AIt is for kids ages 7 to 16.BIt is designed for girls 7 to 15 years old.CIt only offers all kinds of water activities.DIt can hold more children than any other camp.33Who is the passage specially intended for?ATeachers providing camps for
44、free.BStudents looking forward to summer vacations.CCampers interested in indoor camping.DParents willing to send their kids to camp.16C 17B 18A 19D【分析】这是一篇说明文，讲述了科学干预如海獭的恢复可以增强它们栖息地的基因多样性，深入发现人类干预的好处和这一行为的过少关注现状，呼吁更多研究在这一领域。16 细节理解题。根据第一段末尾“Erin Foster.suggests that sea otter restoration can enhanc
45、e the genetic diversity of their habitat.”(海獭的恢复可以增强它们栖息地的基因多样性。）和“Sea otters reside in coastal habitats, including eelgrass fields.”（海獭居住在沿海的栖息地,包括大叶藻地）可知，海獭的回归可以增加大叶藻地的遗传多样性，故选C。17推理判断题。根据第三段“ The amount of disturbance that was observed in the eelgrass fields was relatively low. but researches on
46、the effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively rare.”(在大叶藻地观察到的扰动量相对较低.但对干扰对遗传多样性影响的研究相对较少。)可知，之前对干扰的研究还不够。故选B。18词义猜测题。根据划线词后面during intense commercial harvests（大规模商业捕捞期间） 可以推断数量肯定下降，跟选项A removed 被移除意思相符合，故选A。19标题判断题。根据第一段“sea otter restoration can enhance the genetic diversity of th
47、eir habitat.”（海獭的恢复可以增强它们栖息地的基因多样性）和第三段“Even though disturbance enhances the diversity and dynamics of many of the worlds ecosystems”（尽管干扰增强了世界许多生态系统的多样性和动态性）以及最后一段“more attention should be paid to rebuilding animal populations and the key ecological functions they provide.”（应更多地关注动物种群的重建及其提供的关键生态功能
48、。）可知，人类的干预例如海獭的恢复等对基因多样性有益处，应该更多关注，故选D。20B 21B 22D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些艺术展的内容、展出时间、联系方式和展出地点等信息。20细节理解题。根据The Taylor Wessing Photographic Portrait标题下的内容的第一句话“Britains leading international photographic competition is open to gifted amateurs and professionals from around the world, competing for the15,000 prize. (英国领先的国际摄影比赛面向来自世界各地的有天赋的业余爱好者和专业人士，他们将争夺15000英镑奖金)”可知，这个The Taylor Wessing Photographic Portrait的特殊之处在于会给获奖的人提供奖金。故选B。21细节理解题。根据The Vanishe