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1、-高中动词ing形式的被动语态学案适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域陕西西安课时时长（分钟）60知识点动名词被动语态基本用法现在分词被动语态基本用法教学目标使学生完全掌握动词-ing形式的被动语态教学重点动名词被动语态基本用法现在分词被动语态基本用法教学难点动名词被动语态基本用法现在分词被动语态基本用法教学过程一、复习预习一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; （动名词）定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.其各种形式如下表：语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式 (
2、not) doing (not) being done完成式 (not) having done (not) having been done2. V-ing形式的被动式用法及种类当v-ing与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done; V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种。二、知识讲解考点/易错点1动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，且在句中只表被动，不表进行。1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a comm
3、on thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。The presidents being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果。2、 作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us.He did it without
4、_ (ask)You cant eat anything before _(operate on)I remember having been told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。What I hate most is _ (laugh at)The problem is for from _ (settle)注意：动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being
5、done),不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（having been done)。如：I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进行。动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合结构形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。如：Toms being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们
6、很是惊讶。The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕。现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语（除个别情形例外）；在句中既表被动又表进行1、 作宾补现在分词的被动式（being done）作宾补时，表示正在进行的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.Youll find the topic _ (discuss) everywhere now.As we approached the vill
7、age we saw new houses _ (build)注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成.2、作定语现在分词的被动式（being done）作定语时时，表示正在进行的被动的动作。The meeting _ (discuss) now is very important.He asked who was the girl _ (operate）on in the operating room. 注意：现在分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作。如：a
8、meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议a meeting heldyesterday 昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 不能做定语和宾补。The building having been built last year ()The building built last year ()We found him having been killed. ()We found him killed ()考点/易错点2现在分词的被动完成式(having been d
9、one) 作状语当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系，且此分词动作（明确地）发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间（或持续发生多次）时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语。Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.被领着参观了教室后，我们又被带着参观了实验室。Having been told the news, they put off the trip.被告知此消息后，他们取消了这次旅。Having been separated for many years by
10、 the war, they couldnt recognize each other. 因战争而分离多年后，他们都认不出对方了。Having been told many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it.尽管被告知多次了，那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。注意：若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构。The work having been done,they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students
11、home. 在这种独立主格结构中，用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大。而为了简洁，习惯采用过去分词形式，如上面两句常表达成：The work done,they left the office.All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：二者作状语时，都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系，区别不大，可以互换。但是在这种情况下，为了简洁，还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语。Asked(=Having been asked) to work overtim
12、e,I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。Polluted (=Having been polluted) seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发（或持续一段时间）还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语，但终归区别还是不大。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.尽管
13、被告诉了多次，他还是犯同样的错误。考点/易错点3动名词的主动形式表被动意义在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。His suggestion is worth considering.在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟We dont allow students to smoke h
14、ere.我们不允许学生抽烟三、例题精析【例题1】【题干】_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (上海, 2002)A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposeD. After being exposed【答案】C【解析】本句中expose与ones skin是动宾关系，根据句意，应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下，所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语，故答案为C。【例题2】【题干】The bird _ escaped. I didnt mind at home.【答案】bein
15、g caught being left【解析】V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。【例题3】【题干】_ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been told D. Telling【答案】A【解析】先被告诉了故事的内容再决定不去看电影，分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前四、课堂运用【基础】1. _ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their att
16、empt on the highest mountain.A. Having told B. Having been told C. Tell D. Telling2. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch【巩固】1. _ many times, he finally understood it. A.Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told2. Your car need
17、s _(fill). 你这车要充气This city deserves _(visit). 这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires _ (study)carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want _ (water).这些树需要浇水了。【拔高】1. _ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.A. Having been misunderstood B.Being misunderstood C. Having understood D. Misun
18、derstood2. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. （2000, 上海）A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invite3 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been l
19、aunched C. being launched D. to be launched课程小结1、V-ing的一般被动式（being done）可作 主语、宾语、表语、后置定语、补语，一般不作状语; 作主语、宾语、表语时是动名词的用法，只表被动不表进行；作后置定语、宾/主补语时是现在分词的用法，既表被动又表进行。2、现在分词的被动完成式(having been done)，只表被动不表进行，可作宾语和状语，表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。3、V-ing的一般被动式（being done）一般不用作状语，因为过去分词形式已经替代它作了状语。所以像这句话：Being badly wounded
20、, the whale soon died.这种表达不常见，习惯性表达是把Being去掉, 而且这种表达也不作为考试测试中的依据。课后作业【基础】请看下列句子，看看动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分。1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didnt mind being left at home. 3. That building being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were qui
21、te safe. 5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?【巩固】将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。2. 这问题远远没有解决。3. 没有谁请他做，是他自己做的。4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。5. 既然已做出了决定，下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划。【拔高】改错Losing in thought, he went to home at night. Walking on a dark road, His head was hit by a fallen glass. His head was badly injured. Having suffering the great pain, he went to the hospital at once. Having trained for a week, he went ill. Now he still regrets to walk carelessly.-第 7 页动词ing形式的被动语态