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1、-few与little的全区别与用法-第 7 页一、few 与a few的用法adv. 1.很少数的;几乎没有的2.(与a连用)有些,几个pron. 1.很少数;几乎没有2.(与a或the连用)一些,几个名词:fewness。 反义词:many;比较级: fewer 最高级:fewest。Who has the fewestmistakes? 谁的错误最少?1.比较 few 和 a few:两者均表示复数意义,few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义:a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。His theory is very difficult, an
2、d few people understand it. 他的理论很深奥,没有几个能懂。His theory is very difficult, but a fewpeople understand it. 他的理论很深奥,但是有些人懂。2.一般说来,在 only, still, quite, not 等词之后通常用带有不定冠词的 a few, 而在 very, some, the, no, so, too 等词之后通常用不带冠词的 few。【注】可说 very few 或 a very few, 但不能说 very a few。Very few people understand what
3、he said. 几乎没什么人懂他的话。Only a few students passed the exam. 只有几个学生考及格。3.用作形容词,其后可直接跟名词,无需用 of, 但是若其后名词之前有限定词修饰或者是代词或从句等,则必须要用介词 of。Few of them know this. 他们当中没几个人知道这一点。A few ofthese books are mine. 这些书当中有几本是我的。区别:1) little:只修饰不可数名词,含否定意义。2) few:只修饰可数名词的复数形式,侧重指数量非常少,给人 一种模糊概念,含否定意义。3)several:修饰可数名词的复数形
4、式,指至少有3个,但不会超过 5-6个。二、a little 1.与动词连用:动词+a littleIt rained a little during the night夜里下了一点儿雨。They grumbled a little about having to wait他们为要等候抱怨了几句。2.与具有“令人不快的”意义的形容词和副词连用:可以用 rather (adv. 宁可,宁愿;相当)来代替a little。 rather也可以用于比较级之前,但a little更常用一些。a little anxious有点儿着急a little annoyed有点儿不耐烦a little unwi
5、llingly有点儿不情愿地a little impatiently有点儿不耐心地3.与形容词和副词的比较级连用:动词+ a little+比较级The paper should be a little thicker这纸应该再厚一点儿。Cant you walk a little faster?你不能走得快一点儿吗?a bit of=bits of修饰名词,既可接可数也可接不可数a bit修饰形容词、动词、副词,后接形容词,表示“有点”a little bit=a bit,只不过a little bit比a bit的还少一点.a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较
6、级时可以互换,表示一点儿的意思。The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly.演讲者把嗓门提高了一点儿,以便使别人听得更清楚。a bit和a little在否定句中的意思恰恰相反 , not a bit相当于not at all(一点儿都不);not a little相当于very(much)或extremely(很、非常)。She is not a bit tired.(=She is not tired at all.)她一点都不累。a little可以直接作定语修饰名词,而a bi
7、t则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语,两者都只能修饰不可数名词。There is a little/a bit of food left for lunch.午饭只能吃剩下的一点食品了。a nice bit of相当多的4. little意为很少或几乎不,具有否定意义。在比较正式的文体中,little主要同better或more连用:His second suggestion was little(=not much) better than his first他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。5.在正式的英语中,little可用在某些动词如 expect,know,suspect,think
8、等之前:He little expected to find himself in prison他几乎没有料到自己会进监狱。He little thought that one day他几乎从不曾想过有一天二、a litile,a few(形容词和代词)用法a little指少量或者说话人认为少的量; a few指小数目或者说话人认为小的数目。1.把only放在a littlea few之前,是为了强调说话人认为该数量的确很小。Only a few of our customers have accounts我们的顾客中只有少数人是记账的。2.但是把quite(adv. 很;相当;完全)放在a
9、 few之前就大大增大了这个数量:quite a few不少I have quite a few不少 books on art我有不少关于艺术的书。(许多书)三、little和few(形容词和代词)用法:1.little和few意为很少或没有,几乎具有否定意义:There was little time for consultation几乎没有时间商量。Few towns have such splendid trees有这么好看的树木的城市不多。2.little和few的这种用法主要限于书面英语(可能由于在日常会话中little和few容易被误认为是 a littlea few)。因此,在日
10、常会话中little和few通常由hardly any(几乎没有)替代,也可以由动词否定式+muchmany替代:We saw little我们没有看到什么。相当于:We saw hadly anythingWe didnt see much我们几乎什么都没有看到。Tourists come here but few stay overnight有游客到这里来,但很少有人过夜。相当于:Tourists come here but hadly any stay overnight有游客到这里来,但几乎没有人在这里过夜。3.但如果little和few由so,very,too,extremely (adv. 非常,极其;极端地),comparatively (adv. 比较地;相当地),relatively (adv. 相当地;相对地,比较地)等词修饰,就可以较自由地使用。fewer(较少的)Im unwilling to try a drug I know so little about我不乐意服我知之甚少的药。They have too many technicians,we have too few他们的技术员太多,而我们的又太少。There are fewer butterflies every year蝴蝶的数量每年都在减少。