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1、-英语语法精讲一般现在时-第 3 页英语语法精讲:一般现在时一、概述一般现在时表示习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或存在的状态。“习惯性、经常性、反复性”是一般现在时的三大特性,它不表示特定时间内发生的事。二、一般现在时的结构时态的结构指的是动词的变化形式。一般现在时间有两种结构,一种是动词原形,用于主语为非第三人称时的情况;另一种为动词的第三人称单数形式,用于主语为第三人称时的情况。Eg1. WeThey often get up early in the morning.Eg2. My father often gets up early in the morning.三、谈谈“主语为三单,其
2、 后动词s添 ”在一般现在时中,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。可以简单叙述为“主语为三单,其 后动词s添 ”。何谓第三人称单数?用一句话概括就是“非你、非我、非复数”,如he, she, it, my father, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc.Eg3. He sometimes goes to school by bike.Eg4. My father works in the hospital as a doctor.四、动词第三
3、人称单数的构成动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同,分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。1动词第三人称单数的规则变化及规则一、一般在词尾加-s。如:looks, puts. reads, see, skis等。规则二、以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es。如:goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,等。规则三、以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es。注意一定是辅音字母加y才变,若是元音字母加y,则直接加-s。如:flyflies, trytries, f
4、ryfries, copycopiesbuybuys, enjoyenjoys, playplays, saysays, paypaysa e i o u+y,不用改y为i2.动词第三人称单数的读音清辅音后加-s读,浊辅音和元音后加-s读z,zdt之后读iz。可以用口诀表达为: 清读s,浊元z;dt之后读iz。3.动词第三人称单数的不规则变化有一个,havehas。五、动词三单小结口诀:动词三单考大家,看谁背的顶呱呱.。主语若是他她它,谓语动词有变化。 五种形式是一家,es加上做尾巴。(注:以-o , -s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的) ,have结尾是ve, s来把ve替。其他形式最好
5、记,加上s要注意。六、一般现在时的一般疑问句和否定句1. 当主为非第三人称单数时,一般疑问句在句首加Do,否定句在动词前加dont。Eg5. We like playing computer games. Do you like playing computer games?Yes, we do.No, we dont.We dont like playing computer games.2. 当主语为第三人称单数时,用does来帮助提问与否定,这是谓语动词要还原为动词原形。请记住下面这个口诀,相信对你的学习会有所帮助。主语为单三,其后动词s添;变一(否)用does(doesnt), 动词要
6、还原。Eg6. Johns father likes playing Chinese chess. Does Johns father like playing Chinese chess?Yes, he does.No, he doesnt.Johns father doesnt like playing Chinese chess.七、什么情况下运用一般现在时?1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作。经常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day等。Eg7. School starts at 8
7、:15 in the morning on weekdays.Eg8. He always goes to school on foot.2. 表示现在所存在的状态。Eg9. Tom is 12 years old.Eg10. Tom is a student. He works hard at his subjects.3. 表示主语的性格、能力、特征等。Eg11. Mike is outgoing.Eg12. Mike is good at swimming.Eg13. Mike likes listening to the music.4. 表示客观真理,客观存在和科学事实。Eg14.
8、The light travels faster than the sound.Eg15. The earth goes around the sun.Eg16. Shanghai lies in the east of China.Eg17. One plus one is two.八、一般现在时的标志:与一般现在时连用的时间状语对于初学者来说,时间状语是辨别时态的便捷方法。只要句子中有下面这些表示频度的时间状语,一般就可以判定该句子的时态为一般现在时。与一般现在时连用的时间状语:always, often, sometimes, usually, every morning afternoon evening night, once a day, twice a week, all the time, at times, every dayweekmonthyear, etc。