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1、关于句子结构分析课件现在学习的是第1页，共38页一、句子成分一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。现在学习的是第2页，共38页二）主语（二）主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。现在学习的是第3页，共38页 During the 1990s,Am
2、erican country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）现在学习的是第4页，共38页 To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）现在学习的是第5页，共38页
3、When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）现在学习的是第6页，共38页（三）谓语（三）谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You
4、may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.现在学习的是第7页，共38页（四）表语（四）表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。系动词 一 be动词：am、is、are、was、were 二 变化类：become、get、turn、grow、go 三 感官类：look sound smell taste feel appear,s
5、eem四 延续性：remain、stay、keep 现在学习的是第8页，共38页 Our teacher of English is an American.Is it yours?The weather has turned cold.The speech is exciting.Three times seven is twenty one?His job is to teach English.His hobby is playing football.The machine must be out of order.The truth is that he has never been
6、 abroad.（名词）（代词）（形容词）（分词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（介词短语）（表语从句）现在学习的是第9页，共38页（五）宾语（五）宾语(object)宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（数词）宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和
7、宾语从句等表示。现在学习的是第10页，共38页 They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）现在学习的是第11页，共38页宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：The
8、y elected him their monitor.现在学习的是第12页，共38页（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 句型：某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。现在学习的是第13页，共38页 His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force
9、 him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）现在学习的是第14页，共38页 We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）现在学习的是第15页，共38页（七）定语（七）定语(attributive)修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可分为：前置定语和后置定语。Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）Ch
10、ina is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）现在学习的是第16页，共38页 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
11、He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）现在学习的是第17页，共38页（八）状语（八）状语(adverbial)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。如：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in
12、the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Once you begin,you must continue.（状语从句）现在学习的是第18页，共38页状语种类如下：状语种类如下：1、How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）2、Last night she didnt go to the party because of the rain.（原因状语）3、I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）4、Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）5、She p
13、ut the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）现在学习的是第19页，共38页6、She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）7、In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.（目的状语）8、He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）9、She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）10、I am taller than
14、 he is.（比较状语）现在学习的是第20页，共38页同位语 同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词或名词短语，对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：We students should study hard.We all are students.Carol,an American teacher,will come to our school.现在学习的是第21页，共38页独立成分 有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分感叹词感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词肯定词yes 否定词否定词no 称呼语称呼语：mum,dad。插入语插入语：一些句中插
15、入的 I think,I believe,等。如:The story,I think,has never come to the end情态词情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然，等。现在学习的是第22页，共38页练习一练习一 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a
16、beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.主语定语宾语谓语状语定语宾语状语现在学习的是第23页，共38页 6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.11.He managed to finish the work in
17、time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.定语表语宾语状语谓语主语表语谓语宾语状语形式宾语真正宾语现在学习的是第24页，共38页 14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our
18、 duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.宾语定语状语状语间接宾语直接宾语状语状语主语主语宾补宾补宾补现在学习的是第25页，共38页四、选择填空：()1._ will leave for Beijing.A.Now there the man B.The man here now C.The man who is here now D.The man is here now()2.The weather _.A.wet and
19、cold B.is wet and cold C.not wet and coldD.were wet and cold()3.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet现在学习的是第26页，共38页()4.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.The actor _at the age of 70.A.dead B.died C.dyed D.deaded()6._ were all very tired,but none of _
20、 would stop to take a rest.A.We,us B.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we现在学习的是第27页，共38页()7.He found the street much _.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A.its B.it C.that D.that is()9.The dog _ mad.A.looks B.is looked C.is being looked D.was looked()10.I will nev
21、er forget the day _ I joined the army.A.that B.when C.in which D.where现在学习的是第28页，共38页二、简单句、并列句和复合句二、简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法（一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种：、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old;She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven year
22、s old?Mary can swim,cant she?3）祈使句：Be careful,boys;Dont talk in class 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!现在学习的是第29页，共38页 2、按句子的结构可分三种：、按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句、复合句 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures f
23、or the wall newspapers.现在学习的是第30页，共38页 2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the
24、Great Wall.现在学习的是第31页，共38页（二）简单句的五种基本句型（二）简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。现在学习的是第32页，共38
25、页练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the ev
26、ening.简单句 复合句 简单句 简单句 现在学习的是第33页，共38页 5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both To
27、m and Jack enjoy country music.并列句 复合句 并列句 复合句 简单句 简单句 现在学习的是第34页，共38页三、选择填空：1.Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A.andB.orC.ifD.so 2.Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.A.thenB.butC.andD.or现在学习的是第35页，共38页 3.Im sorry to have to say this,_ you forgot to turn
28、off the lights when you left the room last night.A.andB.butC.so D.because 4.There are many sports lovers in his office.Some love climbing,_ others enjoy swimming.A.orB.for C.while D.so 5.-Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?-Id like to go out.A.or B.and C.butD.so现在学习的是第
29、36页，共38页 6.As he is strong,_ can lift one hundred pounds.A.yet heB.but heC.andD.he 7.She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A.arrivingB.to arrive C.having arrivedD.and arrived 8.“Cant you read?”Mary said，_ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angry pointed现在学习的是第37页，共38页感谢大家观看感谢大家观看现在学习的是第38页，共38页