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1、IntroductionMultimediameans,fromtheusersperspective,thatcomputerinformation can be represented through audio and/or video, in addition totext, image, graphics and animation .从用户的观点，多媒体技术意味着，电脑信息不仅可以通过文本、图象、图形和动画，还可以通过音频或者视频表现出来。For example, using audio and video, a variety of dynamic situations indi
2、fferent areas, such as sport or ornithology lexicon, can often bepresented better than just using text and image alone.例如， 利用音频或者视频， 许多不同领域的动态情形， 例如运动场面、鸟类生活，能够比仅仅使用文本和图象更生动形象的表现出来。The integration of these media into the computer provides additionalpossibilities for the use of computational power cu
3、rrently available (e.g.,for interactive presentation of huge amounts of information ).多媒体与电脑的综合为电脑的普遍应用提供了额外的可行性例如：大量信息的交互式表现 。Furthermore, these data can be transmitted though computer andtelecommunication networks, which implies applications in the areas ofinformation distribution and cooperative
4、work.另外，这些数据可以通过意味着信息分工和合作工作。Multimedia provides the possibility for a spectrum of new applications,many of which are in place today.多媒体技术为一连串的新应用程序提供了可能性 多媒体技术是一连串的新应用程序成为可能 ，并且许多已经开发到位。Main Properties of a Multimedia SystemIf we derive a multimedia system from the meaning of the words inthe Americ
5、an Heritage Dictionary, then a multimedia system is anysystem which supports more than a single kind of media.如果我们从美国传统字典中查找 a multimedia system 的字面意思， 我们可以得知一个多媒体系统是任何支持多于一种单一媒体的系统This characterization is insufficient because it only deals with aquantitative evaluation of the system.这一描述是不充分的，因为他只是
6、对系统进行定量的评估。For example, each system processing text and graphics would beclassified as a multimedia system according to this narrow definition.例如，根据这一狭隘的定义，任何能处理文字和图片的系统都将被归类为多媒体系统。Such systems already existed before the multimedia notion was used in acomputer environment.这些系统在多媒体概念被应用于电脑领域之前就已经存在了。
7、Hence, the notion multimedia implies a new quality in a computerenvironment.因此，多媒体这一概念意味着在电脑领域中的一种新的特性。We understand multimedia more in a qualitative rather than aquantitative way.我们更应从性质方面而不是从数量方面去理解多媒体这一概念。Therefore, the kind rather than the number of supported media shoulddetermine if a system is
8、 a multimedia system.因此， 一个系统是不是一个多媒体系统应由所支持媒体的类型而不是数量决定。It should be pointed out that this definition is controversial.应该指出的是，这一定义是存在争议的。Even in the standardization bodies, e, g. , ISO, a weaker interpretation isoften used.即使对于标准化组织，如 ISOA multimedia system distinguishes itself from other systems t
9、hroughseveral properties.一个多媒体系统通过数个属性使自己有别于其他系统。We elaborate on the most important properties such as combination of themedia, media-independence, computer control and integration.我们对最重要的一些属性进行详细解释， 如媒体的组合，媒体的独立性，电脑控制和集成。 Combination of MediaNot every arbitrary combination of media justifies the us
10、age of theterm multimedia.并不是任意的媒体组合都能满足术语“多媒体”的要求。A simple text processing program with incorporated images is oftencalled a multimedia application because two media are processed throughone program.一个支持图像处理的简单文本处理程序通常被称为一个多媒体应用程序，这是因为两种媒体通过一个程序被处理。But one should talk about multimedia only when bot
11、h continuous anddiscrete media are utilized.但是我们说到的“多媒体“应该是使用了连续媒体和离散媒体。A text processing program with incorporated images is therefore not amultimedia application.一个支持图像处理的简单文本处理程序因此并不是一个多媒体应用程序。IndependenceAn important aspect of different media is their level of independencefrom each other.媒体的一个重要
12、性质是他们之间的独立性。In general, there is a request for independence of different media, butmultimedia may require several levels of independence.一般说来，对于不同媒体间需要一个关于独立性的要求， 但是多媒体可能需要几个等级的独立性。On the one hand, a computer-controlled video recorder stores audio andvideo information, but there is an inherently tig
13、ht connection between thetwo types of media.一方面，一个电脑控制的录像机存储音频和视频信息， 但是在这两种类型的媒体间存在一个内在的紧密联系。Both media are coupled together through the common storage medium ofthe tape.那就是，这两种媒体通过共同的磁带存储媒介联接在一起。On the other hand, for the purpose of presentations, the combination ofDAT recorder (Digital Audio Tape)
14、 signals and computer-available textsatisfies the request for media-independence.另一方面，出于表达的目的，数字录音带信号和有效的电脑文本组合满足媒体独立性的需求。Computer-supported IntegrationThe media-independence prerequisite provides the possibility ofcombining media in arbitrary forms.媒体的独立性使得各种媒体的组合成为可能。Computers are the ideal tool f
15、or this purpose.电脑是进行媒体组合的理想工具。The system should be capable of computer-controlled media processing.系统必须具有可受电脑控制的媒体处理能力。Moreover, the system should be programmable by a system programmeror even a user.而且，系统还应该是可由系统程序员甚至用户编程的，Simple input or output of different media through one system (e. g. , avide
16、o recorder) does not satisfy the requirement for a computer-controlledsolution.对不同媒体通过一个系统如录像机进行简单的输入和输出处理并不满足“由电脑控制“的这一方案的要求。Computer-controlled data of independent media can be integrated toaccomplish certain functions.电脑控制的独立媒体数据可以被集成以实现一定的功能。For such a purpose, timing, spatial and semantic synch
17、ronization relationswill be included.为了到达这一目的，必须包含时间，空间，语言的同步关系。A text processing program that supports text, table calculations andvideo clips does not satisfy the demand for integration if programsupporting the connection between the data cannot be established.如果不能建立支持这些数据之间连接的程序， 则支持文本，表格计算和视频剪辑的
18、文本处理程序不满足集成的要求。A high integration level is accomplished if changing the content of a tablerow causes corresponding video scene and text changes.一个高水平的集成可以实现如果对表格的行内容进行修改能导致相应的视频片段和文本的修改。MultimediaA multimedia system is characterized by computer-controlled,integratedproduction,manipulation,presentati
19、on,storageandcommunication of independent information，多媒体系统的特征是： 独立信息的电脑控制， 集成制作， 处理、 演示、存储和通信。which is encoded at least through a continuous (time-dependent) and adiscrete (time independent) medium.这些信息必须至少通过一种连续的与时间有关和一种离散的与时间无关媒体进行编码。Multimedia is very often used as an attribute of many systems,c
20、omponents, products, ideas, etc. , without satisfying the above presentedcharacteristics.多媒体常常作为许多系统、组件、产品、理念等的一个特性，但却并不满足以上所陈述的多媒体特性。From this view-point our definition is deliberately restrictive.在这一观点上，我们的定义是故意限制的过于苛刻的 。Thus, two notions of multimedia can be distinguished:所以，必须将两种含义的多媒体区分开来： Mult
21、imedia, strictly speaking:严格意义上的多媒体：In this context, continuous media will always be included in amultimedia system.在这一范围中，多媒体系统必然包括连续媒体。At the same time important timely marginal conditions (through thecontinuous media) for the processing of discrete media will beintroduced.同时为了处理离散媒体，它也引入了重要的时间边界条
22、件 (通过连续媒体)。They have barely been considered in computer use until now.但他们直到现在才在电脑中得到使用。 Multimedia, in the broader sense:广义的“多媒体”Often the notion multimedia is used to describe the processing ofindividual images and text, although no continuous medium is present.在处理单个的图像和文本时，尽管不是连续型的媒体，但我们往往还是使用多媒体这
23、个概念。Many of the processing tasks in this environment will also benecessary in the multimedia system according to the restrictivedefinition.同时这个层面上的许多处理事务在上述的狭义多媒体系统中也是必不可少的。In any case, if more media are processed together, one can talk aboutmultimedia according to this second notion.所以，在这个意义上只要同时处理了多种媒体，就可以使用媒体这个提法。