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1、高考英语第一轮复习导航高考题型演练高考题型讲练听力题型讲与练一考查形式 2008年高考英语广东卷听力部分分为听力理解和听取信息两个部分共有六篇短文其中有对话和文章听力测试约需20 多分钟共20个小题计分 30 分设问全部是特殊疑问句几乎涵盖了所有的疑问类型如 what who when where why how what time how many how much how long how old how soon how often 等如 08 年的高考题 1 What is1ack worried about when he starts college 2 After how man
2、y years did Susan return to college 3 What advice does Susan give Jack about his study 10 Where did the man meet Claudia 13 How do rainforests manage to survive 15 How much rain can rainforests produce in some areas in a year 二考查内容高考听力材料的选择非常重视语言的真实性原则语言材料一般来源于实际生活涉及到现实生活的方方面面如日常生活文化教育传说时事人物科普等对话一般围
3、绕一个日常生活的话题展开如购精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 46 页物买票道别感谢打电话约会偏爱祝愿和祝贺提供帮助请求问路看病求救等三应试技巧1 培养良好心态听力测试题不同于其它题型不可能像其它书面题型一样遇到不明白的地方可以回过头来看前面的材料或停下来自由地思考一下听力测试的做题速度是由命题人统一掌握的录音材料瞬息即逝无回听的机会或自由思考的余地考生临场心态对听力成绩有着极大的影响考生必须培养良好的心态 1消除紧张心理听力测试时要做到心情平静心态放松精力集中如果感到测试前心情比较紧张做几次深呼吸可有效缓解紧张情绪 2克
4、服急躁心理有些同学在听力测试时不是听材料大意而是专注于听个别单词有个别词没听懂往往停下来去思索随即产生急躁焦虑心理头脑一片空白等回过神来时录音早已放完因此要学会顾全大局局部放弃而取整体并借助精神胜利法给自已释压减负2 学会预测话题考生可以根据每个小题的问题及选项的提示来预测和推测录音材料的内容从而做到心中有数提前做好心理准备获得主动 1 从答案选项中预测Q What does Tom do A Hes a truck driver B Hes a ship captain C Hes a pilot 录音原文精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -
5、 -第 2 页，共 46 页WTom flew to Anchorage last nightthen took some passengers from there to Dollas M Yeah but he couldnt land because the airport in Dollas was snowed in 从 选 项 看 问 题 应 是 关 于 职 业 方 面 的 再 从flewpassengersairport 这些信息词中可知道Tom的职业 2 从说话人口气预测在 AB 两人的对话中如果B 是附和或赞成往往说YesI agreeSureI think so等但如 A用
6、否定句 B表同意时则用 NoNeither Nor 等例如AHarvey doesnt seem to fit into this class BNo he is really a fish out of water 3 合理分配注意力科学合理地分配注意力可以有效地提高听力测试成绩掌握下列技巧 1学会听前抢读 2 学会边听边记 3 学会听关键词4 拓宽背景知识背景知识也是影响听力效果的一个重要因素因为语言是一种工具是知识和文化的载体所以听力材料必定涉及科普知识和社会文化知识考生的百科知识越广博越有助于对听力材料的理解广泛地精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -
7、- - - - -第 3 页，共 46 页阅读和收集各种信息不但有助于扩大知识面也有益于听力成绩的提高5 熟悉交际用语听力考试中常出现Where does the conversation take place What is the mans profession 之类的问题考生要通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点人物职业人物关系等熟悉特定的场景用语和关键词这一点很重要记住下面一些常用的场景用语餐馆restaurant用语menu bill order tip hamburger sandwich soupdish beer softdrink等医院 hospital用语 take
8、medicine temperature pill headache fever blood pressure 等 宾馆 hotel 用语 luggage single room double room room number 等邮局 post office用语mail deliver stamp envelope telegram 等机场 airport用语 flight take off land luggage 等车站 railway station用语 round trip single trip sleeping car等商店 shop 用语 on sale size color p
9、rice change等学校 school 用语 professor exam course dining hall playground 等6 科学判断推理听力测试对考生的判断推理能力提出了一定要求要求考生把握整体内容概括总结对话的主旨和大意要求考生根据听力内容或背景效果推测相关的具体内容如时间地点身份人物关系等要求考生在理解大意的基础上推测说话人的意图观点和态度等在判断推理的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 46 页过程中要注意以下几个问题 1防止以偏概全 2 防止断章取义 3 防止似是而非了解高考听力测试特点有助于更
10、好地复习备考但关键还是要打好基础强化训练自觉运用听力应试技巧诚如此听力方能从容应对典例分析例 1 理解主旨要义 Know about the main idea 任何一段对话或独白总是围绕一个主旨或者一个中心展开的有时主旨和要义比较明确有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白须我们自己去归纳概括M I hope itll be fine tomorrow Im going boating with Tom W Oh I think it will be fine M Yes I beard it on the radio What are the two speakers talking about AA
11、fine boat BTheir friend Tom C The weather 例 2 获取事实性的具体信息Understand detailed factual information 为了说明和解释主旨对话或独白中需要具体信息如时间地点人物等这些信息是理解和把握对话主旨必不可少的内容是听力考查的重点项目M Well I wondered why the office is still not open W But its not yet eight In fact its only a quarter to eitht 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
12、 - - - - - -第 5 页，共 46 页At what time does the office open A745 B 815 C800 例 3 对背景说话者之间的关系能作出简单的推断Inferring the background and relationship between the speakers 对话或独白发生的背景及说话者之间的关系对话语的含义有举足轻重的作用对说话背景说话者之间关系的理解程度在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力因而是听力考查的重点项目常提的问题是Whats the relationship between the speakers What ca
13、n we learn from the dialogue M Excuse me Madam W Yes M Does this bus go to Zhongshan Road W Yes I think so M Youre welcome What is the relationship between the speakers AThey are friends BThey are strangers CThey are brother and sister 例 4 理解说话者的意图观点或态度Understand the speakers intention views and att
14、itude 一般说来说话者总会有其意图或提出问题回答问题或阐述自己精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 46 页的想法或意见这里很大程度上有助于对整个对话的理解有时说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的有时则隐含在对话的句里行间需听者去揣摩推断Whats the most probable result of the conversation What can we know about the man woman W Can I help you M Yes I bought this radio two days ago but
15、Im afraid it doesnt work Id like to change it for another one W Oh dear Yes of course Have you got your receipt M Yes here it is W Thank you Just a moment please What is the most probable result of the conversation A The man got this radio repaired B The man got a new receipt C The man got a new rad
16、io 四听力解题技巧 10 要诀一数字与计算 Numbers And Caculation 1 加减法计算型音响信息中出现的数字之间的关系往往用 more less late early fast slow before after have start begin spend miss leave increase add borrow lend 之类的词或介词短语来表示能否捕捉到录音中的数字及它们之间的关系信息至关重要精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 46 页例 1MDid you get home when your
17、 daughter did at 8 50 last night W No I was 15 minutes late because of the heavy traffic Q When did the woman get home A 8 50 B 9 05 C 8 35 D 9 15 例 2WWhats the time by your watch M Eleven-thirty But its three minutes slow Q Whats the correct time A 11 33 B 11 27 C 11 10 D 11 30 2 乘除法计算型乘除法的数字一般不超出心
18、算和速算的范围数字之间的关系常用具有倍数和百分数意义的名词形容词副词或动词来表达注意下列词或词组 times twice couple pair a pair of half half lf double quarter one-third of 等例 3MHow many students passed the entrance examination last term W Well let me see 1060 students took the exam but half of them failed Q How many students did the woman believe
19、 had succeeded A 1060 B 1016 C 1590 D 530 3 混合运算法计算型这是一种比较复杂的计算题型通常出现在价格的计算问题上听精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 46 页音时对于对话中的数字哪些是直接已知条件哪些是间接已知条件通过何种步骤求得要问的结果要有一个清醒的数学头脑例 4MThis black bag is 2 00 and that blue one is a dollar more W The red one is twice as much as the blue one Q H
20、ow much re two red bags A 4 00 B 8 00 C 6 00 D 12 00 首先弄清蓝色与黑色之间的价格关系the blue bag is a dollar more than the black one 通过黑色直接已知条件求得蓝色的价格 3 00 然后弄清红色与蓝色的价格关系the red one is twice as much as the blue one 通过蓝色间接已知条件求得红色的价格6 00 最后再将红色的单价乘以 2 即为所得的结果12 00 4 近音近形数字的辨认及其它有些试题中的书面选择项排列出几个与音响信息中近音近形的数字用以混淆视听迷感
21、考生以考察考生对数字的辨别能力例 5MIs this 415 Fifth Street W No its 514 Fourth Street A 514 Fifth Street B 514 Fourth Street C 415 Fourth Street D 415 Fifth Street 做这类题的办法是边听边记排除干扰项逐步缩小包围圈数字用不同表达法代表同一概念也是听力测试中常用的命题方法如 a quarter to twelve 与 eleven forty-five 与 11 45 the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -
22、第 9 页，共 46 页other day 与 a few days ago 24 00与 twenty-four 二提供与请求 Offer And Request 这一类试题的特点是对话的一方表示提供帮助另一方则表示感谢接受或拒绝有时一方表示请求帮助另一方则表示同意或拒绝解题关键是辨清对话中的请求和提供部分常用句型 Would you tell me Could you Would you mind How about Would you like me to Why not Id the grateful but OK please 例 6WCould you give me a lift
23、 M Its rather crowded but you can get in Q Whats the mans attitude A eager to lift the car B eager to left the car C agrees to take her D gets on a car 例 7MI can hardly do this exercise W Why not come to me Q What does the woman mean A She is doing an exercise B She knows him well C She is very hard
24、working D She can help him 三职业与身份 Occupation And Identity 解题的关键是捕捉到说话人的简短对话中所提供的信息中心词key words 或中心词组 key phrases 并在听音过程中迅速在草稿纸精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 46 页上记下提及的人物以及中心词和中心词组与此同时应尽可能潜心揣摩对话人讲话时的语气甚至有时答案涉及第三者与对话中的一位是什么关系例 8MCan I go to Larrys tonight W If you have finished
25、your homework Have you asked your father M Hes busy with work W Okey Joey guess it will be all right Q Who is the woman A Larrys mother B Joeys mother C Larry D Joeys teacher 例 9WCan I help you sir M Yes Do you have this coat in a larger size Q Whats the woman A A salesclerk B A shopper C A tailor D
26、 A stranger 四原因与结果 Cause And Effect 应试者在解答此类题目时要格外留意切不可在听到片言只语后便匆忙地作出选择而应在听完整个对话以后特别是将第二人的话语在脑子里迅速加以推断以后再作判断原因与结果是一种相辅相成的逻辑关系某一或某些原因导致某种结果反之某种结果的出现往往又是由于某种原因所造成的若是对话双方所表示的因果关系比较含蓄精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 46 页需要在理解对话的语境语意的基础上找出其中的因果关系特别是不应只注意回答是肯定的还是否定的而应注意在 Yes 或 No 之后他或
27、她所作的进一步解释例 10MMarry why were you late for class this morning W I overslept and missed the train Q Why did Mary miss the class A Mary got up later than usual B The train was late C Mary hadnt expected a class D Her clock was out of order 例 11MHelen isnt here yet Did you forget to invite her W She was
28、 going to come but then changed her mind Q Why isnt Helen present A She decided not to come B She forgot to come C She wasnt invited D She has another decision 五态度与反应 Attitude And Response 在解此类题时我们第一步可以从语音语调的变化中辨别说话人的态度态度与反应类题的提问也可千变万化从多角度提出如What did the woman think of that What did the man say abou
29、t Peter How do they like the city life Whats the mans attitude to the ladys remark Whats in the mans favor What does the man prefer to have What did the woman object to Whats the mans opinion What did the man feel about the matter 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 46 页另外听力测试中对话双方
30、的某一方用升调重复前面说话人的某一关键词语通常表示否定这一词语在前句中表示的意义例 12MI paid 15 dollars for three books too expensive W Expensive 用声调You shouldnt have said so Q How did the woman feel about the books price A She thought they were expensive B She thought they were cheap C She liked the books D She was against buying these bo
31、oks 例 13WYou dont look a day over forty M Really In fact Im fifty-one Q How does the man feel about the womans remark A Hes rather happy to hear so B Hes unhappy C Hes disappointed D He gets angry to hear the womans words 例 14WIts so cold Are you near the door M Oh I see Im awfully sorry Q What will
32、 the mans response be A To open the door B To answer the door C To shut the door D To get nearer to the door 例 13 例 14 是采用反应行为理论解题的一言既出必定引起听话者积极或消极的反应因此听录音时请切切记住对话人是男人还是精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 46 页女人这直接影响对态度的反应效果六地点与方向 Place And Direction 此类题比较容易辨别如果能很好地根据试题所给的选择项来预期录音内
33、容则听准确并答对地点和方向类问题是不太困难的但是这类问题出现时不会简单地涉及东西南北而是要几经周折几经思考才能得出答案听录音时要非常细心让理解每个环节都紧紧相扣建议听录音时不要被声东击西术所困惑可边听边在草纸上画一些草图以帮助理解例 15 M Could you tell me how to get to the post office W Go eastward along this street then turn to the left and walk for three minutes You are sure to find it on your left Q Which dire
34、ction does the post office face A It faces east B It faces south C It faces west D It faces north 例 16 W How long have you known Susan M Ive known her about three years I met her in the library where we used to read but now I can only see her on the schoolyard occasionally Q Where did Susan often go
35、 to read A In the library B On the schoolyard C In the school D In the classroom 例 17 W Why didnt your wife come here together with you 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 46 页for dinner yesterday M Oh she was just back home from Korea yesterday and was too tired to come She also v
36、isited Japan Singapore and Malaysia Q Which country did the woman visit last A Korea B Japan C Singapore D Malaysia 七比较与选择 Comparison And Choice 比较与选择听力测试试题通常沿用语法上的分析法一是相等比较常用 asas 或 soso 句型来表达二是不等比较常用比较级 than来表达出题频率较高涉及的内容大多是人与人之间的年龄大小身材高矮或成绩能力的优劣方面的比较或物体间的大小距离的长短以及物体的轻重颜色质地比较也有商品价格高低的比较等等三是用比较级句型表
37、达最高级含义四是用句型如prefer A to B would like A rather than B prefer to do rather than do would rather A than B 等五是就对话中陈述了没有比较含义的某一事实或理由而问题是根据对话语义问选择项中哪一项是正确的或不正确的哪一项是对话中已述及的或没有述及的等常用句式 Which of the following is true not true What statement is true according to the conversation Which of the following is not
38、mentioned What conclusion can be drawn from the conversation 总之应试者在平时的听力训练中多多注意仔细揣摩做好此类题精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 46 页也不是高不可攀的例 18 M Can you tell me how much Mrs Smith has travelled W She has travelled as much as her husband Q How much has Mr Smith travelled A The same di
39、stance as his wife B A greater distance than his wife C Less then his wife D More often than his wife 例 19 M Among the boys who is the tallest one W Bill is shorter than Jack and Fred who are both shorter than Paul Q Who is the tallest A Bill B Paul C Jack and Fred are the same height D Fred is shor
40、ter than Jack 例 20 M Sally has many hobbies doesnt she W Actually Sally likes nothing better than to talk on the telephone with her friends Q What does Sally like to do most A Making phone calls B Talking with her friends most C To visit her friends most D To travel with her friends 例 21 W Whos the
41、best swimmer in your class 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 46 页 M Tom swims very well and Johns surely excellent in swimming Q Who swims best in the class A John B Tom C Swimmer D The whole class 例 22 W Did you go to the horror film last night Its said some actings of it were r
42、ather frightening M I thought the film was too horrible to see Q Which of the following was not true A The film was a horrible one B The man didnt see the film for fear C Some actings of the film were fearful D The woman was brave enough to see the film 例 23 M The wind was very strong yesterday but
43、it didnt keep us from going out to play ball games at all W I wish it would turn fine today so I could go out to have some fresh air Q What conclusion can be drawn from the conversation A They stayed at home yesterday because of wind B They went out to play ball games yesterday in spite of wind C Th
44、eyve decided to go out to play ball games today D The weather will surely turn fine today 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 46 页八计划与行动 Plan And Action 做这类题不需要推理过程主要要求听懂对话的内容细节和提问分辨时态十分重要弄清谁做什么谁是动作的执行者谁是动作的承受者谁让谁做以及有时一方提出一个计划或行动另一方起先表示愿意喜欢去实施但是接着又提出要去执行另一个计划或做另一件事给人似是而非模棱两可的感觉这就要求
45、应试者在听音中有必要把动作分解后再迅速组合具有一定的快速阅读能力千万不能张冠李戴例 24 M Are you going to the concert tonight W No I promised to babysit for my neighbours while they go to a party Q What will the woman do tonight A Go to the concert B Watch her neighbourschildren C Go to a party D Visit her neighbour 例 25 M Did you make your
46、 suit Its pretty W I couldnt have done it at all I had it made Q How did the woman get her suit A She made it herself B She bought it a long time ago C She had an old one remade D She had a tailor make it 例 26 M Would you rather eat at home or go out tonight W Id rather go out but I dont mind fixing
47、 supper at home if youd rather not go 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 46 页 Q What does the woman want to do A Prepare supper B Stay at home C Go out D Eat at home 九内涵与推理 Implied Meaning And Inference 解题的关键是考生根据对话的内涵意义利用逻辑推理的思维过程去辨别说话人的意向态度和要求俗话说听话听音锣鼓听声语音语调能表达不同的内涵意义一般来说一般疑问句或反
48、意问句用降调表示肯定陈述句或特殊疑问句中用升调表示否定或怀疑另外虚拟语气反义问句的否定含义以及借助短语习语或惯用法来表明自己的观点和态度应试者就要顺藤摸瓜去寻找对话中事物间的关系透过现象听到本质例 27 W Where do you want to eat M Is there anything wrong with the coffee shop Q What does the man mean A He wonders if anything happened at the coffee shop B He doesnt know why the coffee tastes bad C H
49、e only wants coffee because he isnt hungry D He thinks that they ought to go to the coffee shop 例 28 W Can you explain these difficult words for me M Me Q What does the man mean A He will explain them B He doesnt want to answer 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 46 页 C He doesnt k
50、now them either D He knows them very well 例 28 中的 Me 更具有一语双关之意其内涵为还给你解释呢我自己也是一窍不通啊说话人的态度跃然纸上例 29 M You dont look cheerful Mary W I was Just reading a letter from home Q What did you learn about Mary A She learnt some bad news B She didnt like letters from home C She didnt like to go home D She is il