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1、- 1 - Unit 3 Computers 单元要点预览词汇部分词语辨析1. personal / private / individual 2. after all/above all/at all/in all 3. type / kind /sort 4. deal with/do with 词形变化未调顺序1.explore vt. & vi. 勘探 ; 探测; 探险exploration n. 勘探 ; 探测; 探险exploratory adj. 勘探的 ; 探测的 ; 探索的2. universe n. 宇宙; 世界universal adj. 全 体的; 共同的 ;普遍的；宇
2、宙的3. appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现appearance n. 出现; 显现; 呈现 外表; 外貌; 外观重点单词1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和2. advantage n. 优点；优势；有利条件3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号 ; 用信号传达 ; 用信号与通讯5. arise vi.arose, arisen 出现；发生重点词组1. in common 共同的；共有的；共用的2. in a/one way 在某种程度上 , 从某种意义上说3. watch over 看守; 监视;
3、照看4. make up 化装；化装；捏造，虚构故事，诗等重点句子1. By the1940s工 had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow larger! 2. However，this reality also worried my designers 重点语法现在完成时的被动语态精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 20 页- 2 - 词语辨析1. personal / private / individual 【解释】personal 指属于
4、或关于某人或某些特定的人，以区别于其他人。private 指属于私人所有或具有私营性质，以区别于集体或公共的，有时含不公开的意味。individual 与集体的相对，指个别或个体的。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Will you do it for me as a _ favour? 2). If you go to a _ hospital, you must pay. 3). We traveled together, but each _ bought his own ticket. 2. after all/above all/at all/in all 【解释】a
5、fter all 意为“ 毕竟”“尽管”“到底”“究竟” ；above all 意为“ 最重要的是 ”“尤其是 ” ；at all 一般用在否认句中，用以加强否认语气。at all 用在疑问句、条件句中，起强调作用，意为 “ 真的”“确实”“竟然” 等。另外， not at all 用来表示 “ 不用谢 ” ；in all 表示“ 总共”“总计” 。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). So you see ，I was right _. 2). _，he wanted to succeed. 3). It will do you no harm _. 4). We visited
6、, _, 20 universities in the US. 3. type / kind /sort 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 20 页- 3 - 【解释】1kind 系普通用语，其含义较模糊，它所指的种类可用任何标准区分，但着重以事物的自然属性和内在性质为标准来区分。2type 常和换用kind，但在表示动植物的种类,以及牌类游戏时，不能用type代替3sort也为普通用语，比kind 更口语化，其概念同kind 一样很不严密，两者常可互换，但 sort 常掺杂说话人的主观色彩，带有轻蔑与贬低的含义。如：We
7、 talked of all sorts of subjects. 我们谈了各种话题。These sorts of people are ready to eat anywhere.这种人总是走到哪里吃到哪里。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). He s quite a pleasant _, really.2). All _ of difficulties have to be overcome. 3). Ill never do this _ of thing.4There are different _ of animals in Shanghai Wild Animal
8、Park. 4.deal with/do with 【解释】deal with 和 do with 二者可译为 “ 处理” ，但在特殊疑问句中 , do with 与 what 配合使用，而 deal with 与 how 配合使用。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). How would you _ an armed burglar? 2). What have you _ my umbrella? 词性变化1.explore vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploration n. 勘 探 ; 探测; 探险exploratory adj. 勘探的 ; 探测的 ; 探
9、索的2. universe n. 宇 宙 ; 世界universal adj. 全体的 ; 共同的;普遍的；宇宙的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 20 页- 4 - 3. appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现appearance n. 出现; 显现; 呈现 外表; 外貌; 外观【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) We ll take a voyage of _. (explore) 2) Columbus discovered America but did not _ the new continent.
10、(explore) 3 Theyre making _ medical tests. (explore) 4 Television provides _ entertainment. (universe) 5 There are lots of stars in the _. (universe) 6 Dont judge by _ can be misleading. (appear) 7) He promised to be here at four oclock but didnt _ until six. (appear) 重点词汇1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和典例
11、1). He was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以 200 英镑罚金。2). The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加 3 的和是 8。重点用法 in sum 简言之 ; 总而言之sum sb/sth up形成对某人 某事物 的看法练习 中译英1). 总之, 计划告吹了。_2). 我认为她是个很能干的经理。_ 2. advantage n. 优点；优势；有利条件典例 1). He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件。2). They took full advantage of the hotels
12、 facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 20 页- 5 - 重点用法 take advantage of 对加以利用；欺骗to sb.s advantage 对某人有利have /get/win an advantage over of胜过；优于练习 中译英1).协议对我们有利。_2).她利用了我的慷慨。_ 3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标典例 1). He headed the ball into an open goal. 他乘虚把球顶入球门2). We won
13、by three goals to one 以三比一获胜。3). You d better set a goal before you start. 开始前最好设定一个目标。重点用法 score/kick a goal 得踢进一球得 一分keep goal守球门life goal/ ones goal in life生活目标achieve / realize ones goal实现目标练习 中译英1).他已经实现了他的目标。_2).我的人生目标是帮助他人。_ 4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号 ; 用信号传达 ; 用信号与 通讯典例 1). A red lig
14、ht is usually a signal for/of danger. 红灯通常是危险的信号。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 20 页- 6 - 2). He signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu. 他示意要服务员把菜单拿来。重点用法 signal to sb/sth for sth 用信号传达某信息 ; 用信号与某人通讯signal with用发信号练习 中译英1).铁路红灯亮了 , 所以火车停下了。_2).他用红旗发信号。_ 5. arise vi.arose, a
15、risen 出现；发生典例 1). A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。2). Accidents arise from carelessness. 疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。重点用法 arise from /out of 由引起；由 产生练习 中译英1). 夜间起风暴了。_2). 由于缺乏交流而产生了问题。_ 重点词组1. in common 共同的；共有的；共用的典例 I have nothing in common with Jane. 我和简毫无共同之处。短语归纳 have nothing in common 无共同之处have little i
16、n common 几乎无共同之处have something in common 有一些共同之处have a lot in common 有许多共同之处精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 20 页- 7 - 练习 中译英1). 这个词常用吗 ? _2). 她已和许多人一起申请参加训练。_ 2. in a/one way 在某种程度上 , 从某种意义上说典例 1). In a way, his English has improved. 从某种程度上来说 , 他的英语有进步。2). Shes been through a ba
17、d patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。短语归纳 in the way 造成阻碍on the/ones way (to) 在(去) 的路上by the way 顺便提一下in no way 决不all the way 自始自终 ;完全地in this way 用这种方法与 in a way 同义的词组有 in one way 和 in some ways。练习 中译英1). 从某种程度上说 , 我很喜欢这本新教材。_2). 看来你的自行车挡着道了。_ 3. watch over 看守; 监视; 照看典例 1). Could you watch (over) my clot
18、hes while I have a swim? 我游泳时你看着我的衣物行吗? 2). He felt that God was watching over him. 他感觉到上帝保佑着他 . 短语归纳 watch out (for) 留神; 注意watch for sb./sth. 观察等待keep a watch on 监视under the close watch 在严密的监视下练习 中译英精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 20 页- 8 - 1). 他们等待着进一步的发展。_2). 小心! 汽车来了。_ 4. ma
19、ke up 化装；化装；捏造，虚构故事，诗等典例 1). She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party. 她在聚会前化装用了一个小时。2). Stop making things up! 不要胡编了 ! 短语归纳 make up for补偿be made up of = consist of由组成make for 有利于 ，有助于 ；走向；冲向make it 及时赶到，办成功make it up 和解；讲和make known使知晓；传达make out理解；懂得；识别出练习 中译英1).社会是由能力迥异的人组成的。2).她总是浓
20、妆艳抹的。 重点句子1. By the1940s工 had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger! 到 20 世纪 40 年代，我已经长到一个大房间那么大，我不知道我会不会继续长大。解释 1). as large as “ 有大” ，后面常加数词例如：This playground is as large as 500squaremeters这个操场有 500平方米那么大。2). I wondered if “ 我不知道 (奇怪)是否” ，是一个常见句式，常用于口语，表示一种委婉或客气的语气。例如
21、：I wondered if you would mind giving me a hand. 练习 中译英1). 我也不知道他们能不能准时到。_精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 20 页- 9 - 2). 那个男子的体重比他重一倍。_ 2. However，this reality also worried my designers 可是这个现实也困扰着我的设计者们。解释 however adv尽管；尽管如此，可是；仍然。表示转折；可放在句首、句中或句尾，但用逗号隔开。例如：I meant to go abroad la
22、st year. However, I changed my mind later. 我本打算去年出国，但是后来改变了主意。练习 中译英1). 她仍然在等，尽管没有任何回音。_2). 他说事情就是那样，不过他错了。_ 课文要点1 课文词汇等填空根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Over time I have been changed a lot. I could 1 (简化) difficult sums when I began 2 a calculating machine. After I was programmed by an operator, I could
23、 3 (logic) produce an answer quicker than any person. At that time it 4 (consider) a 5 ( 技术的 ) revolution. In 1936, I could solve difficult problems as a 6 (universe) machine. From then on, my memory has developed so much 7 I never forget 8 I have been told. Since the 1970s, many new applications ha
24、ve been found for me. For example, I have been sent to explore the Moon. 9 , my goal is 10 (provide) humans with a life of high quality. 3 课文佳句背诵与仿写精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 20 页- 10 - 1. 【课本原句 】As time went by, I was made smaller. First as a PC (personal computer) and the
25、n as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。自二十世纪七十年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里，先是用作个人电脑，后来又做成便携式。模仿要点 句子结构 : first+ then + later.【模仿 1】毕业以后，他先是做一名工人，接着做了一个商店的经理后来做了一个工厂的老板。_【模仿 2】从那时开始，他先在一家车厂工作，然后在一家钢厂任工程师，当其时那是一家最大的钢厂，后来又到了一家生产电脑的公司任总裁。_ 2 【课本原句】I have also been pu
26、t into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 我还被放在机器人里面，被用来制作移动，并且用来帮助作医疗手术。模仿要点 句子结构 : as well as 【模仿 1】通过上网，人们可以获得知识和乐趣。_ 【模仿 2】随着经济的快速发展，越来越多的家长能够负担得起培训课，从中他们的孩子既可以获得一些技能也可以丰富他们的生活。_ 单元自测1 完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I m
27、ade a promise to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally 21 . The idea had come to me as I listened to a commentator ( 解说员 ) on my cars tape player. He was 22 a passage about husbands being 23 of their wives. Then he
28、went on to say, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 20 页- 11 - Love is an act of will. A person can 24 to love. To myself, I had to admit that I had been dulled by my own insensitivity ( 感觉迟钝). So I would like to 25 . And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Katherine at the door
29、 and said, That new yellow sweater looks 26 on you. Oh, Tom, you noticed. She said, surprised and 27 . After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Katherine suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, Katherines been 28 here with the children the year round. We walked
30、 on the beach while the children flew their kites. We visited the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, thats how the whole 29 passed. I made a new promise to keep on 30 to choose to love. 21. A. loved B. lovely C. lovable D. loving 22. A. thinking B. writing C. reading D. b
31、elieving 23. A. helpful B. useful C. thoughtful D. hopeful 24. A. want B. choose C. remember D. ask 25. A. happen B. change C. develop . D. forbid 26. A. great B. big C. small D. old 27. A. frightened B. anxious C. pleased D. disappointed 28. A. asleep B. alone C. alive D. awake 29. A. morning B. ye
32、ar C. festival D. vacation 30. A. reminding B. requiring C. repaying D. remembering 2 语法填空阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40 的相应位置上。When I was in my first year of college, I felt hopeless, lonely and very depressed. 31 one such day, I was walking from class ac
33、ross campus to catch my bus home, head down, fighting tears of despair, when 32 old man came along the sidewalk 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 20 页- 12 - toward me. I had never seen him before. Embarrassed at 33 (see) in such an emotional mess, I turned my head away and tried
34、to hurry past. I thought he would walk on by, but he moved 34 he was directly in front of me, waited, and then smiled. 35 (look) into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice, 36 is wrong will pass. Youre going to be OK. Just hang on. I cannot explain the impact of that moment. He gave me one t
35、hing I had lost 37 (complete): hope. I looked for him on campus 38 thank him, but never saw 39 again. That was thirty years ago. I have never forgotten that moment, 40 taught me to give hope to others wherever I see them in distress. 3 阅读理解阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Women should n
36、ot drink any alcohol during pregnancy. A report released by NICE says. It says if they must drink, they should not do so in the first three months and should limit to one or two ounces once or twice a week afterwards. It replaces previous guidance of saying small daily amounts were fine. NICE decide
37、d to tighten its guidance partly because of the concern that people are now drinking more than in the past. Previous draft guidance suggested women should drink an ounce of alcohol a day once they were past the first three months of pregnancy. The Department of Health in England changed its guidance
38、 last year, calling for no drinking while pregnant or while trying to get pregnant. Drinking heavily in pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (胎儿酒精综合症 ), which can leave children with features like small heads, widely spaced eyes and behavior or learning problems, The experts said there was no
39、evidence that several ounces once or twice a week would do any harm to the baby but could not categorically rule out ( 排除) any risk. National Childbirth Trust agreed women should limit their drinking during pregnancy. Pregnant women who have had a few drinks often worry a great deal 精选学习资料 - - - - -
40、 - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 20 页- 13 - about whether they have harmed their baby. In general, it is believed that if a light infrequent drinker, in good health, drinks to the point of drunkenness on one occasion, the risk to her baby is small. NICE also made a number of other recommendatio
41、ns for the care of women in the UK who were pregnant or planning to get pregnant. It said vitamin D and folic acid (叶酸) supplements should be offered by health staff to help avoid conditions such as rickets (软骨病 ) and spina bifida (脊椎裂 ). Officials also called for local health officials to ensure eq
42、ual support plans where mothers encourage new parents to breastfeed are set up. NICE also called for improvements in the care of pregnant women with diabetes. About 20;000 pregnancies each year are affected by diabetes and, therefore, carry, higher risk of miscarriage ( 流产) and still birth. The guid
43、ance said women should get access to advice and support, in particular to achieve good blood sugar control before they get pregnant. 41. What is the advice made by the Department of Health on drinking alcohol during pregnancy? A. Little in the first three months and a gradual increase afterwards. B.
44、 An ounce a day after the first three months. C. No drinking for pregnant women. D. Those who drink regularly need not worry about the harm to their babies. 42. Whats the meaning of the underlined word categorically in Paragraph 3 ? A. Honestly. B. Absolutely. C. Physically. D. Doubtfully. 43. Accor
45、ding to the passage, miscarriage is caused most probably by _. A. the lack of vitamin D and folic acid B. rickets and spina bifida C. the lack of doctors advice and support D. diabetes carded by pregnant women 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 20 页- 14 - 44. National Childbirth T
46、rust found that _. A. a pregnant woman drinking alcohol infrequently has little risk to her baby B. pregnant women who drink a little occasionally are always afraid of the effects C. there is no evidence that a pregnant woman drinking alcohol might harm her baby D. getting drunk once wont harm the b
47、aby45. In this passage, the author mainly intends to _. A. show NICEs new guidance on pregnant womens alcohol drinking and its advice for the care of pregnant women B. warn pregnant women against any alcohol during pregnancy C. show the present situation of pregnant womens drinking limit D. call for
48、 more care for pregnant women in society 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 20 页- 15 - Unit 3 Computers 答案 词语辨析1. personal / private / individual Keys: 1). personal 2). private 3). individual 2. after all/above all/at all/in all Keys: 1). after all 2). Above all 3). at all 4). in
49、all 3. type / kind /sort Keys: 1). type 2). kinds 3). sort 4 kinds 4.deal with/do with Keys: 1). deal with 2). done with 词性变化Keys: 1) exploration 2) explore 3) exploratory 4) universal 5) universe 6) appearances 7) appear 重点词汇1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和练习 中译英Keys: 1). In sum, the plan failed. 2). I sum
50、med her up as a competent manager. 2. advantage n. 优点；优势；有利条件练习 中译英Keys: 1). The agreement is/works to our advantage. 2). She took advantage of my generosity. 3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标练习 中译英Keys: 1). He has achieved his goal. 2). My goal in life is to help others. 4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号 ; 用