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1、0 第一课时句子成分一句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。二主语： 主语是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.名词We often speak English in class. _词One-third of the students in this class are girls. _词To swim in the river
2、is a great pleasure._Smoking does harm to the health._The rich should help the poor.名词化的 _词When we are going to have an English test has not been decided._从句It is necessary to master a foreign language .it 作形式主语，真正的主语为_【总结】主语可由名词、_、_、_、 _、_和_等表示。【提示】但在there be 结构、疑问句当主语不疑问词时和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。三
3、谓语： 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、 复合谓语： 1 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 2由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 四 表语： 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态， 它一般位于系动词如 be, become, get, look, grow, t
4、urn, seem 等之后。例如：Our teacher of English is an American .名词Is it yours?_词The weather has turned cold._词The speech is exciting. _词Three times seven is twenty one?_词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 20 页1 His job is to teach English ._His hobby 爱好 is playing football ._词The machine m
5、ust be out of order ._短语Time is up. The class is over._词The truth is that he has never been abroad ._从句【总结】 表语一般由名词、_、_、_、_、 _、_、_、_及_表示。五宾语： 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition 展览 yesterday.名词The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. _词How many dictionarie
6、s do you have? I have five._词They helped the old with their housework yesterday. _词He pretended not to see me._短语I enjoy listening to popular music._短语I think thathe is fit for his office. _从句【提示】宾语种类： 1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语，例如： Lend me your dictionary , please.2复合宾语宾语+宾补 ，例如： They elected him their monitor.
7、 六宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。例如：His father named him Dongming .名词They painted their boat white.形容词Let the fresh air in.副词You mustn t force him to lend his money to you. 不定式短语We saw her entering the room .现在分词We found everything in the lab in good order .介词短语We will soon make our
8、 city what your city is now. 从句【总结】宾补可由名词、_、_、_、 _、_短语和 _充当。例如：【提示】带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词如make 等+宾语 +宾补 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 20 页2 七定语： 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.形容词China is a developing country; America is a developed country._There ar
9、e thirty women teachers is our school._His rapid progress in English made us surprised. _Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom ._The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. _He is reading an article about how to learn English._The man who is speaking is our English teacher.
10、_八状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly .副词及副词性词组He has lived in the city for ten years .介词短语He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.不定式短语He is in the room making a model plane. 分词短语Once you begin , you must continue. 状语从句【提示】状语种类如下
11、：How about meeting again at six?时间状语Last night she didn t go to the dance party because of the rain ._状语I shall go there if it doesn t rain._状语Mr Smith lives on the third floor . _状语She put the eggs into the basket with great care ._状语She came in with a dictionary in her hand._状语In order to catch up
12、 with the others, I must work harder. _状语He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately ._状语She works very hard though she is old ._状语I am taller than he is ._状语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 20 页3 练习一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me th
13、e newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 9. His wish is to become a s
14、cientist. 10. He managed to finish the work in time. 11. Tom came to ask me for advice. 12. He found it important to master English. 13. Do you have anything else to say? 14. Would you please tell me your address? 15. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 16. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean
15、and tidy. 17. He noticed a man enter the room. 18. The apples tasted sweet. 二 、选择填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing. A. Now there the man B. The man which is here now C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now ( ) 2. The weather _. A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were
16、 wet and cold ( ) 3. The apple tasted _. A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 20 页4 ( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning. A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter ( )5. The actor _at the age of 70. A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded ( )6. _ were al
17、l very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest. A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we ( )7. He found the street much _. A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly ( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well. A. its B. it C. that D. that is ( ) 9. The dog _ mad. A. looks B. is looked C
18、. is being looked D. was looked ( )10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army. A. that B. when C. in which D. where 第二课时简单句、并列句和复合句一句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1陈述句肯定、否认：He is six years old; She didn t hear of you before.2 疑问句一般、 特殊、选择、反意 ： Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven y
19、ears old? Mary can swim, can t she? 3祈使句： Be careful, boys; Don t talk in class4感慨句： How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种：1简单句：只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由
20、并列连词and, but, or 等或分号； 把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 20 页5 The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of p
21、ictures when they were at the Great Wall. 二简单句的五种基本句型1、主语 +系动词 +表语： e.g. He is a student. 2、主语 +不及物动词： e.g. We work. 3、主语 +及物动词 +宾语： e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语 +及物动词 +双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语：e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语 +及物动词 +复合宾语宾语+宾补 ：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省
22、略而构成。三并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only but also , neither nor , then等连接。 e.g. The teacher s name is Smith, and the student s name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either or , otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you ll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man w
23、ith thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系， 常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 四高考考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最
24、基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感慨句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while ，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 20 页6 4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果
25、主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如： We will go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow 。练习 一、判断以下句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past
26、 seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn t it?9. The farmer is showing
27、 the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 二、选择填空：1. Give me one more minute _ I ll be able to finish it.A. and B. or C. if D. so 2. It s the third time that John has been late, _?A. hasn t heB. isn t he C. isn t itD. hasn t it3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother agai
28、n! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 4. Let us pass, _? A. shan t weB. shall we C. won t weD. will you 5. I suppose he s serious, _ ?A. do I B. don t IC. is he D. isn t he6. Train as hard as you can _ you ll win the swimming competition. A. then B. but C. and D. or 7. There are many sports lovers
29、in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming. A. or B. for C. while D. so 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 20 页7 8. - Your uncle isn t an engineer, is he?- _. A. Yes, he isntB. No, he isntC. No, he is D. He is 9. _ friendly _ to everyone! A. How, is she B. What, is
30、she C. How, she is D. What, she is 10. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library. A. but B. and C. or D. yet 11. - I thought you had an umbrella. - I had, _ I ve lost it.A. since B. but C. because D. so 12. _ down the radio - the baby s asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turn C. Tur
31、ned D. Turn 13. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? - I d like to, _ I m too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but 14. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived 15. _ it with me and I ll see what I can do.A. When left B. Leaving C. I
32、f you leave D. Leave 三、按要求完成以下句子：1. He dares to tell the truth. 改为否认句2. They have lived here for more than ten years. 对画线部分提问3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _? 完成反意疑问4. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.( 改为一般疑问句) 5. It is an interesting story. 改为感慨句6. They
33、 could hardly believe his words, _? 完成反意疑问精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 20 页8 第三课时一般现在时一、 【范例再现】1. 阅读以下句子，并判断其时态：1) He always helps others. 2) They are having a meeting in the office now. 3) He has worked in our school for eleven years since he came to China. 4) I built a new
34、house eight years ago. 5) My father was watching TV when I got home yesterday afternoon. 6) The train had left before I arrived at the station. 7) We are going to visit the Great Wall next month. 8) I didnt know if she would come. 2. 写出各种时态的结构(以 study 为例 ) 二、【时态精练】1. 一般现在时概念 : 表示习惯、经常性的动作结构 : do、 do
35、es 标志语： usually、 often、never、 sometimes、once a week、 twice a month 、every year 练习 1：用所给动词的正确形式填空：1. The twins _(wash) the clothes every day. 2. Sometimes he _ (play) basketball over there. 3. How often _ Sally _(sing)? 一般时进行时完成时现在study / studies 过去studied 将来shall / will study is/am/are going to stud
36、y 过去将来精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 20 页9 4. -Where _ you _ (come) from? - America. 练习 2：写出以下动词的第三人称单数形式。如：sing: sings. 1. read _; bring_; cook _; use _ 2. miss_; watch _; finish _; fix _; go _; do _; 3. study _; fly _; say _; stay _; 4. have_. 稳固练习 1：用所给单词的适当形式填空1.I usually _
37、 (go) running for half an hour at the weekend. 2. My grandparents _ (like) watching TV very much. 3. This _(be) my cat. It _(love) me. 4. _ (be) your sister a member of the Reading Club? 5. She often _ (finish) her homework at 9:00 in the evening. 6. We _ (not have) a Music lesson on Thursday. 7. Hi
38、s uncle _ (not get) up early on Saturday. 稳固练习 2：.句型转换1.He often flies a kite in the park.( 改为否认句 ) He _ often _ a kite in the park. 2.She always misses the early bus in the morning.改为一般疑问句_ she always _ the early bus in the morning? 3. Her mother usually watches TV in the evening. 提问_ _ her mother
39、usually _ in the evening? 4. Boys like playing computer games.( 改为否认句 ) Boys _ _ playing computer games. 稳固练习 3：.根据中文提示，把以下句子翻译成英语1. 我们时常相互通信。2. 他努力工作精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 20 页10 3. 光比声音传播快。4. 如果你尝试，你会成功的。第四课时一般过去时与现在完成时1）一般过去时用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作动词构成：动词过去式-edv 如：do -
40、did; work -worked; study - studied; stop - stopped; get - got. 否认构成： didnt+动原一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+ 主语 +动原 +其它？特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning? 练习：朗诵以下句子，体会一般过去时的用法1. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. 解析： _ 。 2. Their children often went hungry in the old days. 解析： _ 。
41、3. At that time she spoke very good English. 解析： _ 。 4. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon? 解析： _ 。 5. I saw him today. 解析： _ 。 2）现在完成时动词构成： have/has+过去分词 (-ed) 如：have/has worked 否认构成： have/has not+过去分词一般疑问构成：Have/Has+主语 +过去分词 ?特殊疑问句举例：What have you done recently? How long has he lived in B
42、eijing? 练习 1：朗诵以下句子，体会现在完成时的用法6. She has already finished the work. 解析： _ 。 7. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 20 页11 解析 _ 。 8. Ive just lost my science book. 解析： _ 。 练习 2：朗诵以下句子，体会现在完成时的用法9. She has learnt English for
43、 3 years. 解析： _ 。 10. They have lived here since 1990. 解析： _ 。 11. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years? 解析： _ 。 【备注 1】 暂时性动词不能与for , since, How long等表示段时间的短语同时使用。如：1. She has borrowed the book for two weeks. 2. The man has died for twenty years. 练习 3：朗诵并比较以下句子12. He has been to Beijin
44、g. 他曾去过北京。解析： _ 。 13. He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。解析： _。 【备注 2】have / has been (to) 表示 “ 曾经去过 ” 某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人 “ 已经去了 ” 某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。3) 一般过去时与现在完成时之比较练习：请大家认真分析比较以下各例句14. I saw this film yesterday. 解析： _ 。 15. I have seen this film. 解析： _ 。16. S
45、he has returned from Paris.解析： _ 。 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 20 页12 17. She returned yesterday. 解析： _ 。 18. He has been in the League for three years. 解析： _ 19. He joined the League three years ago.解析： _ 。 【备注 3】 句子中如有过去时的时间副词如yesterday, last week, in 1960时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去
46、时。例如：错 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. 对 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 【稳固练习1】写出以下不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。如：go - went -gone ; be cut do see get swim take drink eat run say have put come 【稳固练习2】选择正确的答案1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have
47、 metC. metD. meet 解析： _ 。 2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be 解析： _ 。【稳固练习3】用所给单词的适当形式填空1. The twins _(wash) the clothes for an hour. 2. He _ (play) basketball since three years ago. 3. How long _ Sally _(sing) yet?
48、 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 20 页13 第五课时 1. 过去完成时概念 : 表示过去的过去。-|-|-|- 那时以前那时现在结构 : had done 【体会】朗诵以下句子，体会一般过去时的用法1. By the end of last year we had built five new houses. 2. I had learned 5000 words before I entered the university. 3. Before he slept, he had worked for 12 ho
49、urs.4. She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 5. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 6. He said that he had learned some English before. 7. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 8. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he a
50、rrived at the party. 【备注 1】 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示原本 ，未能 1. We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 【备注 2】两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要假设干时间完成，用过去完成时。1. When I heard the news, I was very excited. 【备注 3】表达历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。1. Our teacher told us