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1、1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 统指各种衣服， 谓语动词永远是复数，cloth 指布， 为不可数名词clothing 服装的总称， 指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident incident 指小事件 , accident 指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount 后接不可数名词，number 后接可数名词a number of students 4. family, house, home home 家，包
2、括住处和家人，house 房子，住宅， family 家庭成员 . My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound 自然界各种各样的声音，voice 人的嗓音， noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing photo 用照相机拍摄的照片，picture 可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing 画的画Lets go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词
3、量，word 具体的单词He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population 人口，人数，people 具体的人China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather 一天内具体的天气状况，climate 长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road 具体的公路，马路，street 街道， path 小路，小径，way 道路，途径take this road;
4、in the street, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course课程（可包括多门科目），subject 科目（具体的学科）a summer course 12. custom, habit custom 传统风俗， 习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do， habit 生活习惯， 习惯成自然， 后接 of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，re
5、ason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise 运动，锻炼（不可数） ，exercises练习（可数） ，practice（反复做的）练习Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作课解时 ,两者可以替换 .指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture speech指在公共场所所做的经
6、过准备的较正式的演说，talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture 学术性的演讲，讲课a series of lecture on17. officer, official officer 部队的军官，official 政府官员an army officer 18. work, job 二者均指工作。work 不可数， job 可数a good job 19. couple, pair couple 主要指人或动物，pair 多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land country 侧重指版图，疆域，
7、nation 指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land 国土，国家The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker cook 厨师， cooker 厨具He is a good cook. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页22. damage, damages damage不可数名词 , 损害，损失 ; damages复数形式 , 赔偿金$900 damages 23. police, policeman police 警察的总称， 后接
8、复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise ， question 多和 ask, answer连用25. man, a man man 人类， a man 一个男人Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡，chicken 还可以当鸡肉The chicken is delicious. 27.
9、 telegram, telegraph 当电报解时，telegram 指具体的， telegraph 指抽象的a telegram, by telegraph 28. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel 是最常用的， trip 指短期的旅途，journey 指稍长的旅途，voyage 指海上航行a three-day trip 29. sport, game sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game 指决定胜负的游戏， 通常有一套规则His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, p
10、rize price 价格， prize 奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize ， The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number of a number of 许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of 的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front of in front of 范围外的前面，in the front of 范围内的前面In the front of the room sits a boy
11、. 33. of the day, of a day of the day 每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day 暂时的，不长久的a famous scientist of the day 34. three of us, the three of us three of us 我们（不止三个） 中的三个， the three of us 我们三个 （就三个人） The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 35. by bus, on the bus by bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus 表范围They w
12、ent there by bus. 36. for a moment, for the moment for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment 暂时，一时Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next year next year 将来时间状语，the next year 过去将来时间状语He said he would go abroad the next year. 38. more than a year, more than one year more than a year 一年多， mo
13、re than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等）39. take advice, take the(ones) advice take advice 征求意见， take the advice 接受忠告He refused to take the advice and failed again. 40. take air, take the air take air 传播，走漏， take the air 到户外去，散步We take the air every day. 41. in a word, in words in a word 总之，一句话，in words 口头上In
14、a word, you are right. 42. in place of, in the place of in place of 代替， in the place of 在地方A new building is built in the place of the old one. 在旧楼的地方建造了新楼。Plastics can be used in place of wood. 塑料可以用来代替木材。43. in secret, in the secret in secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语My mot
15、her was 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girl a girl 可泛指所有女孩, one girl 一个女孩Can one girl carry such a big box? 45. take a chair, take the chair take a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下， take the chair 开始开会46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
16、go to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路，by the sea在海边47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher指一个人， 既是医生又是老师， the doctor and the teacher 两个人，一个医生和一个老师the doctor and teacher is 48. in office, in the office in office 在职的， in the office 在办公室里He is in office, not out of office.
17、49. in bed, on the bed in bed 卧在床上， on the bed 在床上The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed. 50. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of 管理，负责照料，in the charge of 由照料He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her. 51. in class, in the class in class 在课上， in the class在班级里He is th
18、e best student in the class. 52. on fire, on the fire on fire 着火 ,on the fire 在火上Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 53. out of question, out of the question out of question 毫无疑问的，out of the question 不可能的54. a second, the second a second又一，再一， the second第He won the second prize. 55. by d
19、ay, by the day by day 白天， by the day 按天计算The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a people the people 指人， a people 指民族The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 57. it, one it 同一物体， one 同类不同一I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 58. that, this that 指代上文所提到的，this 导出下文所要说的I was ill. Thats why 59.
20、 none, nothing, no one none强调有多少，nothing, no one 强调有没有， nothing 指物， no one 指人- How many /How much ? - None. 60. anyone, any one anyone指人，不能接of， any one指人物均可，可接of ， any one of you 61. who, what who 指姓名或关系，what 指职业或地位What is your dad? He is a teacher. 62. what, which what 的选择基础是无限制的，which 在一定范围内进行选择Wh
21、ich do you prefer, bananas or apples? 63. other, another other 后接名词复数，another 后接名词单数other students, another student 64. not a little, not a bit not a little 非常， not a bit 一点也不Im not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot of many 和可数名词连用，much 和不可数名词连用，a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句I havent many books.
22、 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页66. much more than, many more thanmuch morethan 后接形容词或不可数名词，many morethan 后接可数名词many more people, much more water, much more beautiful 67. no, not no=not a/any ， no friend=not a/any friend ， no water=not any water 68. no more than, not more t
23、han no more than 相当于 only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过69. majority, most majority 只能修饰可数名词，most 可数不可数均可the majority of people 70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself by oneself 单独的， 独自的， for oneself 为自己， to oneself 供自己用的， of oneself 自行的， 自动的The door opened of itself. 71. at all, after all
24、at all 根本，全然 , after all 到底，毕竟After all he is a child. 72. tall, high tall 常指人或动物，high 常指物体He is tall. 73. fast, quickly fast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快run fast, answer the question quickly 74. high, highly high 具体的高， highly 抽象的高，高度的think highly of 75. healthy, healthful healthy 健康的，健壮的，
25、healthful 有益于健康的healthful exercise 76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy sleeping 正在睡觉， asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy 困的，有睡意的a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy. 77. gold, golden gold 指真金制品， golden 指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish ， a gold ring 78. most, mostly most 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于 very， 当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly 大部分 ,
26、是副词most people, the people are mostly79. just, very just 表强调时是副词，作状语，very 表强调时是形容词，用作定语the very man, just the man 80. wide, broad wide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad 侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders 81. real, true real 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合real gold, a true story 82. respectful, respectable res
27、pectful 尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward 二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward 还可用作形容词an outward voyage 84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing pleasant常用作定语， pleased, pleasing 常用作表语， pleased主语常为人， pleasing 主语常为物a pleasant trip, The trip is pleasing. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归
28、纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页85. understanding, understandable understanding 明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 86. close, closely close 接近，靠近， closely 紧紧地，紧密地closely connected, stand close 87. ill, sick ill 做表语， sick 定，表均可a sick boy 88. good, well go
29、od 形容词， well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词He is well again. 89. quiet, silent, still quiet 安静的， 可以发出小的声音，silent 不发出声音， 但可以动， still 完全不动， 完全无声响He stood there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90. hard, hardly hard 努力， hardly 几乎不work hard , I can hardly believe it. 91. able, capable able 与不定式to do 连用， capable 与 of 连用He is capab
30、le of doing 92. almost, nearly 二者均为 几乎 ,差不多 和否定词连用用almost , almost nobody 93. late, lately late 迟，晚， lately 最近，近来I havent seen him lately. 94. living, alive, live, lively living, alive, live均为活着的， living 定表均可， alive 定表均可，定语后置，live 只能做定语， lively 意为活泼的all the living people=all the people alive 95. exc
31、ited, exciting excited 使人兴奋的，exciting 令人兴奋的Im excited. The news is exciting. 96. deep, deeply deep具体的深， deeply 抽象的深，深深地deeply moved, dig deep 97. aloud, loud aloud 出声地， loud 大声地read aloud(出声地读 ) 98. worth, worthy 二者均为值得，worth 后接 doing，worthy 后接 to be done, of being done It is worth visiting. = Its w
32、orthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being visited. 99. bad, badly 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页bad形容词， badly 副词，不好，但与need, want, require 连用为 很，非常 go bad , I need the book badly. 100. before long, long before before long 不久以后， long before 很久以前101. quite, rather quite 完全地，
33、相当于completely, rather 修饰比较级quite impossible 102. happy, glad happy 高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad 高兴，只能做表语a happy girl 103. instead, instead of instead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of 是介词短语，放在句中He didnt see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film. 104. too much, much too too much 后接不可数名词，much t
34、oo 后接形容词much too heavy 105. be about to, be going to, be to do be about to表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语，be going to 侧重打算，想法，be to do 侧重意志，计划，安排Im to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思) 106. raise, rise raise及物动词， rise 不及物动词The sun rises in the east. 107. bring, take, carry, fetch bring 拿来， take 带走， carry 随身携带， fetch 去回这一往返动作fe
35、tch a box of chalk 108. spend, take, pay, cost spend人做主语， 花钱，花时间 ; spendon sth./in doing sth; take 物做主语， 花时间 ; pay 人做主语， 花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱109. join, join in, take part in join 加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in 参加小型的活动, join sb. in ；take part in 参加大型的活动He joined the army five years ago. 110. learn, study
36、 learn 学习，侧重学习的结果，study 学习，侧重学习的过程，研究study the problem 111. want, hope, wish want 打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通常可以实现） ，hope to do/ hope that wish 希望（通常不能实现） wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success. 112. discover, invent, find out discover 发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent 发明本来不存在的物体
37、，find out 发现，查明 At last he found out the truth. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页113. answer, reply answer及物动词， reply 不及物动词，后接to reply to the letter 114. leave, leave for leave 离开， leave for 前往He left Beijing for Shanghai. 115. rob, steal rob 抢劫rob sb. of sth.，steal 偷 steal s
38、th. from sb. 116. shoot, shoot at shoot 射死， shoot at 瞄准，但不一定射中He shot the bird and it died. 117. drop, fall drop 及物不及物均可，fall 不及物动词Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice. 118. search, search for search后接地点， search for 后接东西He searched his pocket for money. 119. used to, be used to used to过去常常， be
39、used to习惯于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接do sth. He is used to getting up early. 120. win, lose, beat win 后接 sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接 sb. win the game, beat them 121. live on, live by live on 以为主食，live by 靠谋生live on fish/ live by fishing 122. beat, hit, strike beat连续性地击打；hit 打中，对准打；strike 打一下或若干下beat the win
40、gs 123. meet, meet with meet遇到， meet with 体验到，遭遇到meet with an accident 124. lose, miss lose 失去（具体的物体） ，错过sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，错过sth. is missing, miss the chance 125. be tired of, be tired with/from be tired of 厌烦， be tired with/from因为而累了be tired with/from running 800 meters 126. car
41、e about, care for care about 关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for 关心，照料，喜欢，愿意He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care for movies. 127. catch a cold, have a cold catch a cold 不能和表示 一段时间 的状语连用，而have a cold 可以She has had a cold for a week. 128. change for, change into 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -
42、- - - -第 7 页，共 13 页change for 调换成， change into 变成Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice. 129. continue, last 二者均为持续，continue 主动，被动均可，last 只能用主动The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued. 130. feed, raise feed 喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to) ， raise 饲养，养育(cause to
43、grow, bring up children) raise the family 131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor go for a doctor 去请医生， go to a doctor 去看病132. notice, observe, catch sight of notice 注意到， observe观察，仔细地看，catch sight of 突然看到observe the stars 133. insist on, stick to insist on 坚持要求，后常接doing, stick to 坚持 , 后常接 sth , stick
44、to the plan 134. look, seem, appear look 指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象appear wise, look like his father 135. gather, collect gather 把分散的东西集中到一起，collect 指精心地、有选择地进行收集collect stamps 136. mean to do, mean doing mean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing 意思是，意味着All these meant giving the students more practice.
45、137. die from, die of die from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素die of hunger and cold 138. pay for, pay back, pay off pay for 为付钱， pay back 还钱，但不一定还清，pay off 还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt 139. divide, separate divide 把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开divide the apple, sepa
46、rate the houses 140. arrive, get, reach arrive 不及物动词，后接 in (大地点 )， at(小地点 )， get不及物动词后接to， reach及物动词arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing 141. grow, plant grow 使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant 移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plant the trees, trees are growing 142. manage, try manage to do设法做成了某事，try to do 尽力去做某事但不
47、一定成功He tried to pass the exam, but he failed. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页143. choose, select choose凭个人的判断力进行选择，select 有目的仔细认真地选择choose the best answer 144. build, put up, set up, found build 一般用语， 建成，put up 临时搭建， set up 建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found 国家或组织的建成put up a tent, set up
48、a school 145. be familiar to, be familiar with be familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book. 146. agree with, agree to, agree on agree with 同意某人， agree to同意某事， agree on在上达成一致意见，主语是复数agree with you, agree to the plan 147. throw to, throw at th
49、row to 扔到 , throw at 朝扔He throw a stone at me. 148. receive, accept receive 收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受I received a gift, but I didnt accept it. 149. wear, put on, dress wear 和 dress表状态 ,wear 接衣服等 ,可用进行时， dress接人 ,be dressed in, put on表动作Its cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. 150. listen, hear liste
50、n 强调动作， hear强调结果I listened, but I heard nothing. 151. look, see, watch look 看的动作， see看的结果， watch 强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV 152. lie, lay lie 躺，位于 (lay, lain), 说谎 (lied, lied) ，lay 平放 (laid, laid) lay the book 153. work as, act as work as 工作是， act as充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色He works as a teacher. He acts as an