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1、高考英语试卷完型填空及阅读理解题应考技巧及08 年高考英语考前复习完形填空题七篇，阅读七篇和改错九篇（附详细解析）检测学生在语言方面的基础知识和运用能力是英语高考的主要目标, 而完型填空和阅读理解这两部分集中体现了这两点，所以这两部分是英语高考中的重点题型，占据了较大的分值，同时也是学生容易失分的部分。完型填空：揣摩前因后果，寻找解题线索完型填空又称综合填空，是一种综合性语言测试题，它不同于单纯的语法或词汇测试题，而是要求学生从语篇的整体内容出发，借助词汇、句子结构、 文化背景、上下文等来做出选择。学生在这类题目中的失分主要是由于片面理解句子，脱离上下文所致。因此在解题时要注意的是：一、千万不
2、要急于下笔，必须先通读全文，了解文章大意后再进行解题。二、当遇到难以判断的情况时，先不要着急，回头看看前面的文章，或者接着往下读，仔细揣摩一下前因后果、逻辑关系、作者思路等，总能找到相应的线索帮助解题。三、就近几年的完型填空题来看，还要求学生能把握文章的整体风格。比如在一篇文章中，有一个空格需填作者认为生活中充满了什么，经排除学生最后在“challenge ”还是“misery ”之间犹豫，其实如果能够总揽全篇，就不难发现这是一篇励志的文章，作者的整体写作风格是明快的，在这个空格处若填入“ misery ”一词，显然与文章整体格格不入，那么“challenge ”就是更合适的选择。四、答题时要
3、注意词与词、句与句、段落与段落间的关系，比如在“social ”与“economic”中间应填入的词是“ culture ”，与“ physical ”并列的就应是“ mental”。再如，要判断作者下面要讲的内容到底是承接上文的，还是转折的，或是总结概括的等等，据此来选择“ however”、“ andtherefore ”、“ inaword ”等相应的连接部分。五、今年高考将完型填空的第一篇改为选词填空类，其解题思路其实也大同小异，只是学生应在解题前加入一个步骤将所给的单词依照词性划分归类，判断句子的结构后确定所缺词的词性，最后根据词义填入。如此逐一排除，难度会有所降低。策略一、紧扣主旨
4、大意高考 (Q 吧 ) 英语阅读理解的主旨大意题主要是考查考生在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度的概括或总结的能力。常见的设问方式有：标题类： Whats the best title/headline for the passage？大意类： The text is mainly about_.The topic/subject discussed in the passage is _ .From the passage，we can conclude that _ . 作者意图类：Whats the writers purpose in writi
5、ng the passage？针对主旨大意类型的题，考生可以掌握以下解题策略：把握文章逻辑结构，快速找出主题；寻找主题句， 确定文章中心思想；将首段中心句和各段第一句话连接成一个整体，得出文章主题；逆向思维法解标题类问题。一、把握文章逻辑结构，快速找出主题高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构：1、时间顺序。按时间先后顺序说明某一事件、某一理论的发展过程，属于这种结构的文章主题通常在首段或末段。2、“总说 - 分述”结构。 首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点，属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。最典型的是新闻报道类文章，此类体裁的文章在近年高考阅读精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
6、- - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 31 页中逐渐增多。 一般这类文章都有固定格式：城市名称 ( 新闻社 ) 新闻内容。掌握一些国际知名新闻社的英文名称是必要的，路透社Reuters ，美联社Associated Press，法新社Agence France Presse。3、“分述 - 总说”结构。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。属于这种结构的文章主题在末段。二、寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想不是所有的文章都有主题句，对于大部分有主题句的文章来说，主题句表达了文章的中心思想，找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。主题句呈现的形式有：1、在文首。文章开门见山，提出主题，
7、随后摆事实、讲道理来解释、支撑和发展主题句所表达的主题思想。2、在文中。通常前面只提出问题，随之陈述细节引出主题，而后做进一步的解释、支撑或发展。3、在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点，得出结论，以概括主题。三、将首段中心句和各段第一句话连接成一个整体，得出文章主题通常有些文章会在首段提出一个重要论点，随后在各段分别进一步从不同角度继续阐述，这样我们可以找出首段的中心句，再将其和各段第一句串联在一起，就可以得出文章的中心思想。如： (2006 北京卷 D篇 71 题 ) Which is the best title for the passage？A.Societal Conditions in
8、 Premodern Times B.Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment C.Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate D.Differences between Modern and Premodern Parents 第一段： Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused，a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment
9、 of mother and child. 第二段：One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year.第三段： A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. 从第一段的中心句和各段的第一句不难看出，这篇文章的标题应该是Practices of Reducing Maternal Attach
10、ment. 四、逆向思维法解标题类问题针对这类题型， 考生不妨思考一下， “如果我是作者， 遇到这样的标题， 文章应该怎样写？”如：(2005 全国 I 卷 B篇 62 题)What would be the best title for the text？A.A Cross-country Trip B.A Special Border Pass C.An Unguarded Border D.An Expensive Church Visit 如果标题是A Cross-country Trip ， 那么文章应该讲述一次出境旅行；如果标题是A Special Border Pass，那么文章
11、应该着重讲一个特殊的边境通行证；如果标题是An Unguarded Border ，那么文章应该侧重讲边境如何不设防；如果标题是An Expensive Church Visit，那么文章应该讲一次礼拜如何花费昂贵了。经过这样的逆向思维，我们不难发现文章的内容恰好与标题An Expensive Church Visit一致，因此应该选D。策略二、把握作者意图每一篇文章都有其写作目的。那么作者是如何在文章中体现自己的思想呢？他通过哪些语言向读者传达了自己的感受呢？我们在阅读的同时怎样收集、综合各种信息， 体会作者的情感精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
12、 - - -第 2 页，共 31 页呢？了解这些有助于我们在做阅读理解题时把握作者思路，领会文章内涵， 做出正确的选择。要做到这一点， 我们需要从两个方面入手：一是把握作者的写作意图，二是把握出题的角度。下面我们就分别分析一下。一、对于写作意图的把握有的文章只是客观地介绍一件事或物，或各方观点， 作者不发表自己个人的意见，如一些科技文，新闻事件报道等。这样的文章属于“广而告知型”。要根据客观事实答题，一是一，二是二，凡与事实不符的选项，或文中没有提到的事实，当然都是不能选的。这样的题目难度一般都不会很大。最难于驾驭的是一些故事性、情感经历性的文章。因为作者在行文时会用到一些写作手法，如倒叙、插
13、叙等。往往还会有一些思想、情感的波动。这就需要我们在阅读时认真把握，细心体会。1. 注意连接词的使用：Near the end of the last year in middle school ，my dad took me to the wildlife refuge.He needed to get some aligator blood to do the experiment.At first，I thought fishing for alligators was a bad idea.What if one tried to eat me？But we had a lot of
14、help，and my dad knew a lot about alligators，so it was OK. 通过第一句可知这是倒叙。我们知道了结果：作者去了野生动物保护区。接下来是作者当初由反感、害怕到最后打消顾虑同意去。都是通过连接词at first，but ，so 等展开的。所设题目是：Why did the writer think that fishing for aligators was a bad idea at first？A.Because the writer was afraid of the fierce alligators B.Because we shou
15、ld protect alligator C.Because the writer was not as brave as his father D.Because the writer knew little about alligators 弄清了作者的思想波动就不难选出正确答案A了。2. 注意一些形容词及某些特定句式的使用：透过一些形容词可以看出作者的倾向，如：Isnt that wonderful if we get there by air？( 作者希望坐飞机去那里。) 某些句型表面看上去是比较级，而实际上是最高级含义。My mother decided to take me on
16、the trip.It couldnt be better.(It couldnt be better=Its great.意为“太好了”)某 些 否 定 形 式 的 句 子 实 际 上 是 肯 定 含 义 ： We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our environment too much.(再怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不过分。) 作者以这样的句子体现自己的观点：必须加大力度保护环境。注意虚拟语气的使用。How I wish I had passed the driving test.(我多么希望已通过了驾照考试呀！ ) 此句
17、暗含的事实是：并没通过考试。3. 将自己想象为故事中的主人公，体会其心理感受有一篇文章， 写一个老太太刚刚在海边买了一座别墅，打算在那里度过余生。因为那里的气候湿润温暖，更适合她的健康。此时她站在曾经生活了25 年的房子里，最后环顾这曾经装载了她的大半生的房子。所给的问题是：How does the old lady feel at the last moment in her old house？正确答案是：Her feeling is complex. 其他的选项如She is happy/She is sad等都片面。只要我们设身处地站在老太太的位置上想一想，就不难找到正确答案。4. 把
18、握全篇文脉，仔细揣摩事情发生的背景我们不仅要掌握一定的语言知识，还需要平时储备一定的逻辑推理能力以及必要的西方的文化背景知识， 才能完全领会文章的主旨或者其所渗透出的幽默感。请看下面这篇介绍父子关系的文章。第一句话就开门见山：My father and I were very close.He was always proud of my success. 然后用一个事例说明：If I won a spelling contest at school ，he was on top of the world.如果知道be on top of the world是“高兴至极”的意思，也只是理解精选
19、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 31 页了语言的表层含义。接下来：When I was named President of the Ford Motor Company，I didnt know which of us was more excited.正确理解了上文的铺垫，才会真正领会此句暗含的意味及幽默：实际上父亲比我还高兴。如果对西方人的生活方式及习惯比较了解的话 ， 也 不 难 接 受 下 面 的 句 子 ： I hugged and kissed my dad at every opportunity nothi
20、ng could have felt more natural.我们再来继续欣赏一下父亲鲜明的个性： My father was a curious man who was always trying new things.He was the first person in my town to buy a motorcycle.Unfortunately， my father and his motorcycle didnt get along too well.He fell off it so often that he got rid of it just a month after
21、 buying it.As a result，he never again trusted any vehicle with less than four wheels. 读懂了这些，就不难理解下文中为什么父亲不让“我”拥有一辆自行车，反而当“我”刚满16 岁就让我开车了。正确理解了文章的来龙去脉及内涵，对于文后题目的处理也就会轻而易举了。二、对于出题意图的把握1. 正确理解一个事物的两个方面有些题目不是直接照搬原文的话，而是用一些另外的语言表达出同样的意思，因此我们必须掌握用英文解释英文的技能。如一篇介绍辍学学生的文章，文章先后两次谈到学生辍学后的感想。第一次：Most students w
22、ho dropped out of school in the United States admit they made a mistake by giving up and some say they might have stayed if classes were more chalenging. 第二次： three out of four said if they could turn back the clock they would choose to stay.文后的题目是Which of the folowing is right according to the pass
23、age？正确答案是： Most dropout students hope to go back to school if possible.虽然原文没有像题目这样明确说明，但其实这是一个事物的两个方面；对于辍学的后悔其实就是希望继续上学。通过正确推断这些文句的含义，即可找出正确答案。2. 以文章内容为基础进行判断有些题目要根据短文的内容来判断正误，这就需要按作者的思路去考虑，站在作者或文章内容中出现的人物的立场上予以辨析，不能依据自己的喜好或认知判断。策略三、合理推理判断推理判断题在高考中占很大的比重，学生在此类题型中也失分最多。推理判断题要求考生考虑文中信息并在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者
24、的言外之意，弦外之音做出合理的推理和判断。一、理解定义。 判断是对已知的事实仔细评价之后做出的合理决定。推理是对事实的内涵所做的陈述或以事实为依据对未知所做的陈述。注意无论是判断还是理都是以已知事实为依据。二、推理题常见的提问形式。常以infer，imply ，indicate，suggest ，conclude ，learn ，intend ，mean ，describe ，purpose 等词提问。或含有表推测的情态动词，如can，could ，might ，would 等和其他表示可能性的动词，如probably ，mostlikely等。三、具体策略1. 通过辨认细节的技巧，找到相关的
25、事实或证据，对这些事实或证据进行分析和评价，在此基础上再作决定。切记：推断是以文章提供的事实为依据，而不是凭空想象，更不是读者自己的意愿。2. 借助常识。在推理判断题中，我们平时积累的一些常识通常会派上用场。2006 年陕西高精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 31 页考英语 (Q 吧) 试卷中一篇关于通信发展史的阅读最为典型。A.The postal service has over the years become faster. B.The postal service has over the years becom
26、e slower.大家都应知道交通越来越发达，邮电业当然是faster.此篇还涉及到有关发邮件的常识，如果同学们有这个common sense，就如鱼得水了。3. 务必要用排除法。排除法在此类题型中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。根据在文章中找到的事实依据和常识排除错误信息，再排除和文章中一词不差的信息( 文章里的原句不会是推理判断出来的结果，但通过同义词或句型转换过的选项有可能是正确答案) ，最后再排除无关或偏离信息，正确答案就不言而喻了。4. 词句段篇， 相互交融。 词的理解要放在句子里，句子的理解要靠段，段的理解也离不开篇。单独说 floor谁都知道是什么意思，但she was floored t
27、o see her own name and address inside the cover，in her own handwriting这个语境里是surprised的意思。因此不能独立地看某个词或某句话。此外， 学生对一词多义或一些习语的积累也是很有必要的，这就要靠同学们课下多下工夫了。5. 平时扩大词汇量的同时也要注意学习词的深刻内涵。从措辞去寻找文章的感情色彩，猜测作者的态度或写作意图。现仅举一简单的例子。When the phone finally rang， he leaped from the edge of his chair and grabbed for it.从这几个词
28、我们能形象地看出他等电话之久，紧张迫不及待的心情，同时也说明电话之重要，这正是作者的真正意图。2008年高考英语考前复习完形填空题A Good advice is like medicine for the soul. What kind of 1 have you recently received? Who do you go to got advice? Do you have a mentor(顾问 )? A mentor is a 2 adviser. Parents, teacher and friends are often great 3 .Sports figures, pu
29、blic officials, and nationally know figures van also be good 4 of mentors, but a person with whim you are a personal relationship will most likely be able to 5 you the best advice. Mentors teach things that seem to be 6 sense. Proverbs are wise old sayings that are common in every language and 7 , a
30、nd can sometimes be 8 for a nonnative to understand. For example, all that 9 is not gold(some things are not as 10 as they appear ). Advice 11 in newspapers and magazines are another way to 12 advice. Talk shows on radio and television are also very popular. Americans and Canadians love to 13 themse
31、lves. Many people are not 14 to ask for help or 15 about a problem in order to receive advice. People generally will 16 their own experience to 17 their friends. Overcoming a difficult situation is 18 respecter in North America. People love to heat motivational (积极的 ) stories and 19 . One proverb, a
32、 friend in need is a friend indeed, shares the concept that a true friend will help you out in times of 20 . 1. A. success B. measure C. position D. advice 2. A. devoted B. united C. trusted D. expected 3. A. interviewers B. mentors C. followers D. competitors 4. A. examples B. mentors C. manners D.
33、 services 5. A. consider B. exchange C. adapt D. offer 6. A. present B. attractive C. common D. particular 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 31 页7. A. experience B. difference C. culture D. behavior 8. A. simple B. difficult C. natural D. brief 9. A. glitters B. packages C. acts D
34、. forces 10. A. different B. negative C. primary D. valuable 11. A. columns B. materials C. wonders D. add 12. A. reduce B. add C. keep D. get 13. A. enjoy B. teacher C. express D. defeat 14. A. brave B. afraid C. honest D. lucky 15. A. talk B bring. C. care D. look 16. A. remind B. suggest C. cline
35、 D. share 17. A. lead to B. set free C. help out D. take over 18. A. originally B. highly C. equally D. closely 19. A. encouragement B. sadness C. movement D. adventure 20. A. happiness B. trouble C. excitement D. nature 答案与解析：1.D 本文的主题就是讲获取建议，根据前后内容可知。2.C 既然你要找一个顾问，那他一定是个值得你信任的人3.B 从上文提示 “ Do you h
36、ave a mentor (顾问 )？ A mentor is a adviser可以知道此处是“ 父母，老师，朋友经常是你最好的顾问” 。4.A 前面提到是体育明星等，显然是顾问的好例子来列举的。5.D offer sb. advice “(主动 )给某人提供建议。6.C 根据下文内容知道，这里指的是Common sense常识7.C 谚语通常是产生于各种语言和文化中的。8.B 很显然，一个谚语对非母语的人来说，理解是困难的。9.A 考查动词区别，这里glitter意思是发光，构成谚语，意思就是发光的不一定都是金子。10.D这句是对前面谚语的解释。“ 有些东西并不象表面上的那样有价值。” 显
37、然只有valuable符合句子意思。11.A 从后面的 “ in newspapers and magazines”可以知道是报纸杂志上的“ 建议专栏 ” 。12.D从建议专栏获取建议。13.C根据前一句知道“ 脱口秀 ” 非常受欢迎。美国人和加拿大人喜欢表达自己的心声。express oneself意思是表达自己的心声。其他几个选项的搭配和原文不符。enjoy oneself玩得开心， teach oneself,自学。 defeat oneself打败自己。14.B从下文 “ in order to receive advice.”可以知道他们为了获取建议不害怕寻求帮助或谈论自己的问题。1
38、5.A 这里是谈论自己的问题。16.D根据后面的experience知道这里应该是指分享自己的经历。share “分享 “ ，remind “ 提醒 ” suggest建议 clone克隆。17.C 这里应该是帮助朋友摆脱困境。所以用help out. 18. B 这里是说十分受尊重，highly高度地，很。19.A 从前面的motivational stories可知应该是积极向上的内容，所以A 正确。20.B既然是帮助朋友，当然是在他们处于困境的时候。B Believe it or not, there are good reasons for wearing a school unifo
39、rm. It makes you 1 proud of your school. It builds a common spirit of unity(整体 ) among 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 31 页students and 2 them of the values and history of their school. But for most students, school uniform are not something to be proud of 3 . “ Why 4 the school
40、 uniform just one day a week? Always wearing the same clothes makes me feel boring,” a senior student from a high school complained(抱怨). “I don t like the big English letters of the name of our school on the back, said a junior student “ They could be 5 .” The main students complaints about school u
41、niforms are: simple colors, boring designs and bad 6 . And a teacher at a middle school in Guangzhou said that 7 a teacher and a mother, she eagerly 8 the quality of school uniforms will be improved soon. What has caused all these problems? Chen Hong, a uniform designer in Shenzhen, pointed out that
42、 problems 9 because the whole society doesn t see the 10 of the school uniform. “ Most designers are 11 to stick to the same old fashion, 12 there are no professionals 13 work for students,” Chen said.His company 14 most of the awards in the first national competition for school uniforms last month
43、in Nanning, Guangxi. “ Besides, high quality calls for a high price,” said Chen. “ But in some schools, the annuals expense for each student s uniform is only 50 to 60 Yuan. How can we produce high quality clothes with so 15 money?”Even with these problems, efforts have been made 16 the situation, a
44、ccording to Zhai Shiliang, 17 of the School Uniform Administration and Service Center in Beijing. A school clothes competition was held in April in Beijing. Thirty-seven uniforms, 18 in schools next spring, were selected from 570. “ We will offer the samples( 样品 ) for school to choose.” Zhai said.“
45、The perfect uniform should remind the students of the school s honor and cause them to be proud of it 19 they are.” Chen said. Zhai added, “ During the 2008 Olympic Games, the whole world will see the new appearance of our 20 century young generation with new school uniforms.”1. A. take B. feel C. t
46、o take D. to feel 2. A. remains B. remember C. reminds D. recalls 3. A. at all B. in all C. for all D. after all 4. A. not to wear B. to wear C. not wear D. wear 5. A. large B. larger C. small D. smaller 6. A. quantity B. amount C. quality D. unit 7. A. as B. like C. for D. with 8. A. wishes B. need
47、s C. wants D. hopes 9. A. come through B. come up C. come in D. come on 10. A. importance B. important C. design D. possibility 11. A. like B. possibly C. unlikely D. likely. 12. A. if B. although C. because D. because of 13. A. what B. which C. that D.不填14. A. won B. has won C. wins D. had won 15.
48、A. few B. little C. much D. many 16. A. improve B. develop C. change D. to change 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 31 页17. A. a head B. the head C. no head D. head 18. A. being seen B. to be seen C. to see D. will be seen 19. A. whenever and wherever B. when and where C. what and
49、 who D. whatever and whoever 20. A. 19th B.20th C. 21st D. 22nd 答案与解析：1.B make后面接不带to 的不定式作宾补， 排除 C 和 D ， feel proud of “对 感到自豪。2.C remind sb. of sth.是固定搭配，意思是使想起 。3.A at all用在否定句末尾，以加强语气，意思是根本，全然。4.C Why not do sth.是一个表示建议的句型，意思是为什么不？5.D 由上句的 “ I don t like the big English letters”可判断此处是smaller. 6.
50、 C 采用排除法，可以判断学生抱怨校服质量不好。7.A as在这里作介词，意思是作为。8.D 由句意和结构来判断，此处选择hope; wish也可以接从句，但要用虚拟语气。9.B. come up意思是问题被提出，形式上要用主动，意义上是被动的。10.A 这个从句意思是“ 整个社会没有意识到学校服装的重要性。11. D be likely to do是 likely的固定用法，意思是可能会。12.C 从上下文判断，应该用because引导表原因的状语从句。13.C that在这里引导定语从句，修饰professional, that在从句中作主语，不能省略。14.A 由句中的时间状语last