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1、精品_精品资料_高考时态语态及情态动词复习动词I. 动词的时态：1. 动词的时态一共有16 种,以 ask 为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：一般现在时ask / asks过去时asked将来时shall/will ask过去将来时should/would ask进行完成am/is/are askingwas/were askinghave/has askedhad askedshall/will be askingshould/would be askingshall/will have askedshould/would have asked完成进行 have/has beenaski
2、nghad been askingshall/will have beenaskingshould/would have beenasking2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分：1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况,但和现在有联系,强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果,它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加 “已经 ”等词.简言之,利用过去,说明现在.如：I have already read the novelwrittenby the world-famouswriter.已经看过,且明白这本书的内容 2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,和现在无关,它可和表示过去的时间状
3、语连用,汉译英时可加 “过”, “了”等词.简言之,仅谈过去,不关现在.如：I read the novel last month. 只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住 I livedin Beijingforten years.只说明在北京住过十年,与现在无关3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区分：两者都可以表示 “从过去开头始终连续到现在 ”,在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时, 多用现在完成时, 如着重表示动作始终在进行, 即动作的连续性时, 就多用现在完成进行时. 一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时.I have read that book.我读过那本书了.I have
4、been reading that book allthe morning.我早上始终在读那本书.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4. 一般将来时的表达方式：将来时用法例句1will/shall+ 动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态My sister will be ten next year.It s going to clear up.be going to+ 动词2原形含有 “准备,方案,即将”做某事,或表示很有可能要发生某事We re going to have a partytonight.3be + doing时表示将来进行go, come, start, mo
5、ve, leave, arrive 等词 He is moving to the south.可用进行时表示按方案即将发生的动作Are they leaving for Europe.4be about to +词原形动表示支配或方案中的立刻就要发生的动作,后面一般不跟时间状语I was about to leave when thebell rang.The meeting is about to close.5be to + 动词原形 表示按方案进行或征求对方看法We re to meet at theschool gateat noon.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_T
6、he meeting starts at fiveo clock.一般现在时表示6将来时刻表上或日程支配上早就定好的事情,可用一般现在时表示将来The plane leaves at ten thisevening.II.动词的被动语态：常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/are asked6过去进行时was/were being asked2一般过去时was/were asked7现在完成时have/has been asked3一般将来时shall/will be asked8过去完成时had been asked4过去将来时should/would be asked9
7、将来完成时will/would have been asked5现在进行时am/is/are being asked10含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_被动语态的否认式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不行漏掉 其中介副词. 固定结构 be going to, used to, have to, had better 变为被动态时, 只需将其后的动词变为被动态.如：Trees should not be planted in summer.The boy was made fun of by his c
8、lassmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.注意汉语有一类句子不显现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示.如： 事It is believed thatIt is generally considered that 项It is said thatIt is well known thatIt must be pointed out thatIt is supposed thatIt is reported thatIt must be admitted thatIt is hoped that下面主动形式常表示被动
9、意义：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The door won t shut. / The play won t act.The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost,
10、equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consistof, have on, lose heart 等等可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_情态动词I. 情态动词基本用法：情态动词用法否认式疑问式与简答可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_can才能体力,智力, 技能答应或许可口语中常用can not / cannot /can t
11、doCan do. Yes, can.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_couldcouldn t do可能性表推测,用于否认句或疑问句 中可以问句中表示请No, can t.May do . Yes, may.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_may求可能, 或许表估计may not doNo, mustn t/can t. Might do . Yes, might可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_mightmight not do希望用于倒装句中必需,应当表主观 要求No, might not.Must do . Yes, must.可编辑资料
12、- - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_must确定,想必确定句中表估计must not/mustn t doNo, needn t/don t have to.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_have to只好,不得不客观的必需,有时态人称变化don t have to doDo have to do.Yes, do. No, don t.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ought to应当表示义务责任, 口语中多用 shouldought not to/oughtn
13、doOught to do. t toYes, ought. No, oughtn t.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_shall将要,会用于一三人称征求对方看法shall not/shan t doShall do.Yes, shall. No, shan t.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威逼等可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_should应当,应当表义务责任本该含有批评意味should not/shouldn t dSohould do.可编辑资料 - - -
14、 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_willwill not/won t do可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_would意愿,决心恳求,建议,用在问句中 would 比较委婉Will do.would not/wouldn t doYes, will.No, won t.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_dare敢常用于否认句和疑问句中dare not/daren t doDare do.Yes, dare. No, daren t.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料
15、_need需要必需常用于否认句和疑问句中need not/needn t doNeed do.Yes, must. No, needn t.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Used to do.used not/usedn t/usen t to可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_used to过去经常现在已不再dodidn t use to doYes, used. No, usedn t.Did use to do.Yes, did. No, didn t.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_II. 情态动词 must, may, might,cou
16、ld,can 表示估计：以 must 为例. must + dobe是估计现在存在的一般状态进行.must + be doing 估计可能正在进行的事情. must +have done 是估计可能已经发生过的事情.1. must “确定,肯定 ”语气强,只用于确定句中.He must be a man fromAmerica./ He must be talkingwith his friend./ He must have already arrived there.2. may 和 might “或许 ”,后者语气弱,更没有把握.可用于确定句和否认句. He may not be at
17、home. / They might have finishedtheir task.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. can 和 could问句中.可“能 ”, could 表示可疑的可能性,不及can 语t气强,用于确定、否认、疑可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The weather in that citycouldbe cold now.We couldhave walked there; itwas so near.估计某事原来可能发生, 但实际上没有发生Can he be in the officenow. No, he can bt e the
18、re, forI saw him in the libraryjust no w. 语气很强,常用于疑问句和否认句中III. 情态动词留意点：1. can 和 be able to: 都可以表示才能. 但 be able to 可以表达 “某事最终胜利 ”,而 can 无法表达此意. Be able to 有更多的时态.另外,两者不能重叠使用.2. used to 和 would:used to 表示过去经常做现在已经不再有的习惯,而 would 只表示过去的习惯或喜好,不涉及现在.3. need 和 dare 作情态动词和实义动词的区分：两者作情态动词经常用于否认句和疑问句.其形式为： neednt/daren dot.Need/dare do.做实义动词时可用于确定句,否认句和疑问句.其形式为：needneeds/needed/daredares/da red to do, don tdoesn t/didnneed/datre to do可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载