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1、最新英美概况 教学课件 （美国部分）,Chapter Eight The Land,Learning objectives: After completing this chapter, students should obtain some more basic facts and detailed information about the United States, especially its physical geography, and equip themselves with the knowledge of British natural resources, the cl
2、imate, major cities, and administrative division of the country.,1. The official name, national flag, national anthem, and national capital 2. The location and size 3. The terrain, rivers and mountains 4. The natural resources 5. The climate,Focal points:,The United States of America (Since 1775),1.
3、 The official name, national flag, national anthem, and national capital,1.1 The Official Name,Commonly referred to as the United States,Abbreviation: USA or US,In 1507, German cartographer Martin produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere “America” after Italian expl
4、orer Amerigo Vespucci. During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies first used the name, “the united States of America”, in the Declaration of Independence,History of the name,History of the name,The current official name, “The United States of America”, was finalized on Nove
5、mber 15, 1777, when the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation（邦联条例). The short form, “The United States”, is also standard.,1.2 The National Flag,The Stars and Stripes(星条旗) OR popularly known as the Old Glory,The Description of the National Flag,The national flag of Ameri
6、ca is comprised of 13 equal horizontal stripes of red alternating with white, with a blue in the canton having 50 white, small, five-pointed stars, and the stars are arranged in 9 offset horizontal rows of six stars alternating with rows of 5 stars.,The proportions of the flag as prescribed by Execu
7、tive Order of President Eisenhower on August 21,1959, are as follows:Hoist (width) of flag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0Fly (length) of flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.9Hoist (width) of union. . . . . . . . . . . 0.5385Fly (length) of union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.76Width of each
8、stripe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.769Diameter of each star. . . . . . . . . . . .0.0616,这些细节有必要吗？,The 50 stars represent the 50 states, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteen colonies that became the first thirteen states in the Union. Regarding the colors, white signifies purity and
9、innocence; red signifies valor and bravery; and blue signifies vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.,The Meaning of the Stars, Stripes and colors,When the Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776, the United States had no official national flag. Th
10、e Grand Union Flag has historically been referred to as the “First National Flag”. It was used early in the Revolutionary War and formed the basis for the design of the first official flag.,History of the American national flag,The Grand Union Flag sometimes referred to as the Congress flag, First N
11、avy Ensign etc. Its design consists of 13 stripes, alternately red and white, representing the Thirteen Colonies, with a blue field in the upper left-hand corner bearing the red cross of St. George of England with the white cross of St. Andrew of Scotland. As the flag of the revolution it was used u
12、ntil July 14, 1777.,History of the American national flag,On June 14, 1777, the Marine Committee of the Second Continental Congress passed the Flag Resolution which stated: “Resolved, that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, w
13、hite in a blue field, representing a new Constellation.” For this reason, Flag Day is celebrated on June 14th. This flag remained unchanged till 1795.,An early Stars and Stripes with thirteen stars and stripes，popularly known as “Betsy Ross flag,” because Betsy Ross was the best known producer, whic
14、h arranged the stars in a circle.,In 1795, Congress adopted a new flag of 15 stars and 15 stripes to give representation to the two new states: Vermont and Kentucky. For a time the flag was not changed when subsequent states were admitted. It was the 15-star, 15-stripe flag that inspired Francis Sco
15、tt Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner” in 1814.,Changes to the Stars and Stripes,Changes to the Stars and Stripes,Since 1795, the US flag has gone through many changes, and it has been changed 26 times in total since the new 13-state Union adopted it. By 1817, there were 20 states in the Union,
16、and it became apparent that adding one stripe for each new state would destroy the shape of the flag. As a result, Congress in 1818 restored the original design and provided that each state was to be represented by one star, but the number of the stripes would be reduced to 13 so as to honor the ori
17、ginal colonies.,Official arrangement of the stars,In 1912, President William H. Taft made the first official provision for the arrangement of the stars. He ordered that there be six even rows of eight stars each. The 48-star version went unchanged for 47 years, until the 49-star version became offic
18、ial on July 4, 1959 (since Alaskas admission to the Union). After Hawaii gained statehood in August, 1959, the 50-star flag was ordered by President Eisenhower.,Questions to explore: 1. On what occasions and where is the American National Flag displayed?,The flag should be displayed on all days, esp
19、ecially on New Years Day, January 1; Inauguration Day, January 20; Lincolns Birthday, February 12; Washingtons Birthday, third Monday in February; Easter Sunday (variable), Mothers Day, second Sunday in May; Armed Forces Day, third Saturday in May: Memorial Day (half-staff until noon), the last Mond
20、ay in May; Flag Day, June 14; Independence Day, July 4; Labor Day, first Monday in September; Constitution Day, September 17; Columbus Day, second Monday in October; Navy Day, October 27; Veterans Day, November 11;,Thanksgiving Day, fourth Thursday in November; Christmas Day, December 25; and such o
21、ther days as may be proclaimed by the President of the United States; the birthdays of States (date of admission); and on State holidays. The flag should be displayed daily on or near the main administration building of every public institution. The flag should be displayed in or near every polling
22、place on election days. The flag should be displayed during school days in or near every schoolhouse.,The US national flag is also displayed on,During rendition of the national anthem when the flag is displayed, all present except those in uniform should stand at attention facing the flag with the r
23、ight hand over the heart. Men not in uniform should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart.,2. What should people do when the American National Flag displayed and national anthem sung?,Persons in uniform should render the military
24、 salute at the first note of the anthem and retain this position until the last note. When the flag is not displayed, those present should face toward the music and act in the same manner they would if the flag were displayed there.,3.How should the flag be displayed ?,上面增加的这些讨论的问题，我个人认为意义不大。,Draped
25、 over a casket When the flag is used to cover a casket, it should be so placed that the union is at the head and over the left shoulder. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or allowed to touch the ground.,1.3 The National Anthem of the Country,The Star-spangled Banner It comes from “Defens
26、e of Fort McHenry”, a poem written in 1814 by Francis Scott Key, after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry in the Anglo-American War(1812-14). The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song. Set to Keys poem and renamed “The Star-Spangled Banner”. Although the song has four s
27、tanzas, only the first is commonly sung today, with the fourth added on more formal occasions. (add links to song),The Star-spangled Banner,“The Star-Spangled Banner” was recognized for official use by the Navy in 1889 and the President in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional re
28、solution on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover. Before 1931, other songs served as the hymns of American officialdom. “Hail, Columbia” served this purpose at official functions for most of the 19th Century.,1. O! say can you see by the dawns early light What so proudly we ha
29、iled at the twilights last gleaming. Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight, Oer the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming. And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-span
30、gled banner yet wave Oer the land of the free and the home of the brave,4. O! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand Between their loved home and the wars desolation! Blest with victory and peace, may the heavn rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.Then conquer we
31、 must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto: In God is our trust. And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave Oer the land of the free and the home of the brave!,Musical,Vocal,Video,Questions to explore:,Add American patriotism edu starting from Children (Funny video of US kids si
32、nging their national anthem),1.4 The National Capital of the Country,The capital Washington is in the District of Columbia, on the Potomac River. The District of Columbia was named after Christopher Columbus and the city Washington was named after George Washington. The city belongs to no state, and
33、 is governed directly by the Federal government.,Washington, District of Columbia,Full view of Washington D.C.,Map of D.C. (enlarged version),Washington has been the Federal capital since 1800. The central part of the city was designed to represent symbolically the new United States and its republic
34、an government. Avenues were named after the states that played prominent roles in ratifying the constitution. The District of Columbia has a total area of 177km2, of which 159km2 is land and 18km2 is water. The 2010 US Population Census shows the Districts population at 601,657 residents.,Economy of
35、 Washington D.C.,Washington has a growing, diversified economy with an increasing percentage of professional and business service jobs. The city has little heavy industry, and its residents are mainly engaged in light and service industries. The gross state product of the District in 2010 was $103.3
36、billion, which would rank it No. 34 compared to the 50 US states.,Washington-the federal political center,Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of American federal system: Congress, the Supreme Court and the Presidency. The White House is the official residence of the United States Pres
37、ident. It was built in 1792 and was originally painted grey. During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged, and in 1814 it was repainted white. President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s. It contains 132 rooms, but only five of them are open to public visitation. (White House 3D introduc
38、tion),The White House,The Capitol,The Capitol is located on a small hill known as Capitol Hill, and it is the seat of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Its dome, topped with a statue of a woman representing Freedom, stands 66 meters high and is the symbolic center of Washington, D. C. Ins
39、ide the dome, on roofs and walls are magnificent oil paintings. All the paintings show the history of America from Columbus discovery of the new continent to American Independence.,The U.S. Capitol Hill (Congress) link,The U.S. Supreme Court,East of the Capitol is the Supreme Court building, with it
40、s portico modeled after a Greek temple.,The Pentagon,Located just across the Potomac River in Arlington, Virginia, houses the U. S. Defense Department and the headquarters of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).,Washington- a cultural center,Washington also has numerous national and private mu
41、seums, theaters and centers of interest. The National Mall is a large, open park area in the center of the city. Located in the center of the Mall is the Washington Monument(link:). Also located on the mall are the Abraham Lincoln Memorial. the National World War II Memorial at the east end of the R
42、eflecting Pool.,The Washington Monuments interior is hollow and visitors can either climb its 898 steps to the top or ride its elevator for a view of the capital. The Lincoln Memorial has 36 columns representing the 36 states in the Union at the time of Lincolns assassination in 1865.,Other places o
43、f interests,The National Archives houses thousands of documents important to American history, including the Declaration of Independence and, the United States Constitution. The Martin Luther King Memorial, sculpted by Chinese sculptor Lei Yixin, opened to the public in August, 2011. It is situated
44、between the Lincoln and Jefferson Memorials.,The National Archive,Martin Luther King，Jr. Memorial,The J. F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is home to the National Symphony Orchestra, the Washington National Opera, and the Washington Ballet. The Kennedy Center Honors are awarded each year to
45、those in the performing arts who have contributed greatly to the cultural life of the United States.有缘学习更多+谓ygd3076考证资料,Kennedy Center opened in 1971 as a living memorial to President John F. Kennedy.,Other places of Interest,including the Jefferson Memorial, and the Library of Congress, the Nationa
46、l Air and Space Museum, the Smithsonian Institute, and the Arlington National Cemetery (located just across the Potomac River), which is the final resting place for many of Americas military officers.有缘学习更多+谓ygd3076考证资料,Conclusion,In this section, we have learned some very basic information about th
47、e United States: its official name, national flag, national anthem, and national capital. From the lectures we know better about the U.S. official title, the history and formation of its national flag, and its national anthem, Star-Spangled Banner, with its story and verses; and we also have an even
48、 clearer image of Washington D.C., the national capital.,Further reading and references (useful websites),http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States http:/www.washingtondc- http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States http:/www.national- http:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDOC-108hdoc97/pdf/CDOC-10
49、8hdoc97.pdf,Bear in your mind what you have learned from the textbook and the lectures by the teacher. Read extensively from different resources and learn more about the general features of the U.S. and detailed facts of its official title, national flag, national anthem, and its national capital, Washington D.C. Pre-read about the location and size of the U.S., Assignment,2. The location and size of the country,2.1 The location of the country,Study the map on the next page and describe the location of the U.S.:,US Location Map,The United States of America is l