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1、-食品专业英语词汇-第 13 页食品专业英语常用词汇海南大学食品学院编化学名词中常用的数目词头1/2hemi, semi19nonadeca1mono, uni20eicosa2di, bi, bis 21heneicosa3tri, ter22docosa4tetra, quadri23tricosa5penta,quinqui,quinque24tetracosa6hexa, sexi25pentacosa7hepta, septi26hexocosa8octa27heptacosa9ennea, nona28octacosa10deca29nonacosa11undeca, hendec
2、a30triaconta12dodeca31hentriaconta13trideca40tetraconta14tetradeca50pentaconta15pentadeca60hexacoonta16hexadeca70heptaconta17heptadeca80octaconta18octadeca90enneaconta1、 词头mono-一uni- 一bi-二di- 二tri- 三tertio-三tertrial-三tetra-四quart-四penta-五hexa-六hepta- 七octa-八nona-九deca- 十undeca-十一dodeca-十二trideca- 十三
3、tetradeca-十四pentadeca-十五hexadeca-十六Heptadeca-十七Octadeca-十八Nonadeca-十九Arachidic-二十Methyl-甲基Ethyl-乙基Propyl-丙基Butyl-丁基Amyl-戊基Hexyl-己基Heptyl-庚基Octyl-辛基Nonyl-壬基Decyl-癸基Cyclo-环Iso-异Hemi-半Semi-半Hemo-血Homo-同Holo-完全Heter(o)-杂，异，其它Ov-卵alkane烷烃 paraffin石蜡 olefin石蜡alkene烯烃 alkyne炔烃 alcohol醇ketone酮aldehyde醛pheno
4、l酚ether醚acid酸ester酯amine胺amide酰胺acylhalide酰卤halide卤代物quinone醌hyper-过于，超，极度super-过于，超，极度hypo-次，亚，在之下per-高oligo- 寡，少数的ortho- 正-，邻-，（o-）meta-偏-，间-，(m-)para-傍-，对-，副-normal正-trans反-cis 顺-benzyl苄基benzoyl 苯甲酰（基）acetyl乙酰基propionyl丙酰基butyryl 丁酰基thionyl 亚硫酰基thio-硫-sulfonyl-磺酰fluoro-氟代chloro-氯代iodo-碘代bromo-溴代h
5、ydroxyl(l)-羟基carboxy(l)-羧基carbony(l)-羰基alkyl烷基alkoxyl烷氧基amido酰胺基amino氨基imino亚氨基sulfhydryl巯基guanidino胍基imidazole咪唑基methylol羟甲基methylene亚甲基primary伯-，一级secondary仲-，二级tertiary叔-，三级quaternary 季-，四级2、词尾-ane-烷-ene-烯-yne-炔-enol-烯醇-ol-醇-al-醛-aldehyde-醛 -one-酮-amine-胺-amide-酰胺-imine-亚胺-ate-盐，-酯-ester-酯-ether-
6、醚-ide-酐，-化-ite-亚盐-itol-糖醇-oside-糖苷-onic-酮酸，-糖酸-ose-醛糖-ulose-酮糖-an-聚糖-yl-基-genin-配基-ase-酶词lefini3 有机酸与核苷酸Formic acid甲酸Acetic a.乙酸Propionic a.丙酸Butyric a.丁酸Caproic a.己酸Heptoic a.庚酸Caprylic a.辛酸Capric a.癸酸Lauric a.月桂酸Myristic a.肉豆蔻酸Palmitic a.棕榈酸（软脂酸）Palmitoleic a.棕榈油酸Stearic a.硬脂酸Oleic a.油酸Linoleic a.
7、亚油酸Linolenic a.亚麻酸eicosanoic花生酸，二十烷酸Arachidonic花生四烯酸butannoic丁酸hexanoic己酸heptylate, heptanoate庚酸octanoic, octoic辛酸decanoic癸酸dodecanoic十二酸tetradecanoic十四酸hexadecanoic十六酸9-hexadecenoic十六-9-烯酸octadecanoic十八酸9-octadecenoic十八-9-烯酸9,12,15-octadecatrienoic十八碳三烯酸Arachidic 二十酸5,8,11,14-eicostetraenoic二十碳四烯酸1
8、3-docosenoic二十二碳-13-烯酸Citric 柠檬酸Lactic乳酸Acetic乙酸，醋酸Malic 苹果酸Tartaric 酒石酸Oxalic 草酸Amber 琥珀酸Fumaric 富马酸Succinic 琥珀酸Tannic 丹宁酸Tannin单宁Benzoic 苯甲酸Sorbic 山梨酸Adenosine(A)腺苷Guanosine(G)鸟苷Cyridine(C)胞苷Uridine(U)尿苷Thymine(Thy)胸腺嘧啶Cytosine(Cyt)胞嘧啶Uracil(Ura)尿嘧啶Nucleic acid核酸Nucleotide核苷酸Ribonucleic acid核糖核酸De
9、oxyribonucleic脱氧核糖核酸Nucleoside核苷Ribose核糖Purine嘌呤Adenine(Ade)腺嘌呤Guanine(Gua)鸟嘌呤Pyrimidine嘧啶4 糖类与脂类furanose呋喃糖pyranose吡喃糖arabinose阿拉伯糖xylose木糖ribose核糖glucose葡萄糖fructose果糖galactose半乳糖mannose甘露糖sorbose山梨糖fucose岩藻糖galacturonic acid半乳糖醛酸glucuronic acid葡萄糖醛酸oligosaccharide寡糖oligose寡糖polysaccharide多糖polyose
10、多糖mucopolysaccharide粘多糖sucrose蔗糖maltose麦芽糖isomaltose异麦芽糖dextrin糊精cyclodextrin环状糊精amylose直链淀粉amylopectin支链淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素hemicellulose半纤维素pectic substances果胶质protopectin原果胶levulose左旋糖dextrose右旋糖monosaccharide单糖monose单糖monosaccharose单糖disaccharide双糖disaccharose双糖triose三碳糖tetrose四碳糖aldose醛糖Ket
11、ose酮糖homoglycan同（均）聚糖heteroglycan杂聚糖glycan聚糖glycosan聚糖glucan葡聚糖fructosan果聚糖xylan木聚糖mannan甘露聚糖hexosan己聚糖glycoside糖苷，配糖物glucosyl葡萄糖（基）glycerol甘油glycerine甘油glycoritol甘油酸盐glycerate甘油糖醇sorbitol山梨糖醇glucitol葡萄糖醇xylitol木糖醇mannitol甘露糖醇syrup糖浆golden syrup糖蜜，佐餐糖浆molasses（废）糖蜜caramel焦糖，酱色molasses mass废糖蜜浆carame
12、lize焦糖化saturated fatty acid饱和脂肪酸glyceride甘油酯glycerin ester甘油酯 triglyceride甘油三酸酯tristearin三硬脂酸甘油酯glycerin单硬脂酸甘油酯triolein三油酸甘油酯phosphatide磷脂phospholipid磷脂glycerophospholipid甘油磷脂lecithin卵磷脂cephalin脑磷脂glycolipid糖酯choline胆碱inositol肌醇ethanolamine乙醇胺sterol固醇cholesterol胆固醇steroid类固醇化合物5、分析reagent试剂sequester
13、ing agent螯合剂chelating agent螯合剂qualitative analysis定性分析quantitative analysis定量分析methyl red甲基红methyl orange甲基橙neutral red中性红sensuous identification感观鉴定optical analysis光学分析accuracy准确度precision精密度deviation偏差error误差visible - ultraviolet 可见-紫外absorbance吸光度spectral curve光谱曲线titrimetry 滴定分析standard curve标准曲
14、线standardization标定fluorometry荧光分析法fluorescence荧光spectrometry光谱测定法mass spectrometry质谱法volumetric flask容量瓶beaker烧杯flask烧瓶conical flask三角瓶graduated cylinder量筒funnel漏斗desiccator干燥器desiccant干燥剂drying oven烘箱defecate用石灰澄清defect缺陷，疵病6、无机盐sodium carbonate碳酸钠sodium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bisulphate硫酸氢钠Sodium b
15、isulphate亚硫酸氢钠phosphite亚磷酸盐phosphate磷酸盐disodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠phosphide磷化物Mono-sodium phosphate磷酸氢钠nitrate硝酸盐Nitrite亚硝酸盐Sulphur(S)硫Sulphuric acid硫酸Sulphate(sulfate)硫酸盐Sulphurous acid亚硫酸Sulphite(sulfite)亚硫酸盐Sulphide(sulfide)硫化物oxide氧化物fluoride氟化物fluorine氟chloride氯化物chlorine(Cl)氯bromide溴化物bromine(Br)溴
16、iodide碘化物iodine(I)碘carbide碳化物silicate硅酸盐iodate碘酸盐Chloride漂白粉bleaching powder漂白粉high test hypochlorite漂白精Hypochlorite次氯酸盐Perchlorate高氯酸盐Chlorate正氯酸盐Hydroxide氢氧根离子Chlorinity氯含量Cyanide氰化物Cyanic acid氰酸7食品化学emulsifier乳化器，乳化剂emulsion乳浊液Glycerin monostearate单硬脂酸甘油酯Soybean phospholipid大豆磷脂spicery香料，佐料season
17、ing佐料，调味料seasoner佐料，调味料Seasoning matter佐料，调味料Sweet orange oil甜橙油Mandarin oil橘子油Lemon oil柠檬油Spearmint oil 薄荷油vanillin香兰素maltol麦芽酚ethylmaltol乙基麦芽酚Active carbon活性碳diatomaceous硅藻土kaolin高岭土，白陶土antifoamer消泡剂antiadhesive抗粘着剂Anti-caking agent抗结块剂Benzyl acetate乙酸苄酯antimold防霉剂Isoamyl acetate乙酸异戊酯Antiseptic ag
18、ent消毒剂Sweetener甜味剂Antitoxic解毒剂Thickener增稠剂Synergist增效剂Sodium alginate海藻酸钠Stabilizer稳定剂carboxy methyl cellulose羧甲基纤维素adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线desorption解吸resorption回吸moisture湿度，水分centrifugate离心clarify澄清，净化clarification澄清，净化homogenize均质，均化homogenate匀浆emulsify乳化Deshell脱壳Decorticate脱皮Degum脱胶Defatting脱脂D
19、ehull脱壳Degrease脱脂Hygroscopicity吸湿性Diffusion扩散性Viscosity粘性，粘度Volatility挥发性Plasticity可塑性permeability渗透性Impermeability不渗透性，气密性Osmotic pressure渗透压Depolymerize解聚Hydrolysis水解作用Pyrolysis热解，高温分解Browning褐变Rancidity酸败Palatability可口性Lubrication润滑Solubility溶解度/性Solvability溶解能力Dipolar偶极Dielectric constant介电常数Equ
20、ilibrium constant平衡常数8 常见食品分类名词mango芒果cashew腰果pomegranate石榴guava番石榴Passion fruit西番莲mandarin(e)蜜橘，橘orange橙Litchi, lychee荔枝longan龙眼plum李，梅jujube枣hawthorn山楂papaya木瓜sugar cane甘蔗Betel nut, areca槟榔Chinese mustard芥菜cinnamon肉桂clove丁香menthol薄荷onion洋葱ginger姜scallion葱chive细香葱leek韭菜garlic蒜头garlic sprouts蒜苗musta
21、rd芥末spice香料essence香精sesame芝麻soy sauce酱油beef牛肉pork猪肉mutton羊肉flesh of rabbit/hare兔肉fish flesh鱼肉seaweed海藻laver紫菜bean curd豆腐sausage香肠margarine人造黄油yogurt酸奶yolk蛋黄Sauerkraut泡菜pickled cabbage 腌菜Chinese cabbage大白菜spinach菠菜eggplant茄子bitter melon苦瓜bitter gourd苦瓜cucumber黄瓜cucumber in soy酱黄瓜wax gourdwhite gourd冬
22、瓜冬瓜cantaloup香瓜，甜瓜pumpkin南瓜dishcloth gourd丝瓜pea豌豆，青豆soy bean, soya黄豆，大豆peanut花生carrot胡萝卜Chinese radish萝卜lotus root藕Cassava, manioc木薯9 微生物学名Aspergillus曲霉属A.flavus黄曲霉A.foetidus臭曲霉A.niger黑曲霉A.oryzae米曲霉A.usamii宇佐美曲霉Absidia梨头霉属Acetobacter醋酸杆菌属Agaricus蘑菇属Bacillus芽孢杆菌属Bacillus subtilis枯草芽孢杆菌Brevibacterium短杆
23、菌属Candida假丝酵母属Clostridium梭状芽孢杆菌属Corynebacterium棒杆菌属Escherichia coli大肠埃希氏菌Hansenula汉逊酵母属Lactobacillus乳杆菌属Mucor毛霉属Rhizopus根霉属Rhodotorula红酵母属Saccharomyces酿酒酵母属Salmonella沙门氏菌属streptococcus链球菌属Trichoderma木霉属Trichoderma viride绿色木霉Willianus威尔酵母菌10食品微生物及发酵diplobacillus双杆菌colony菌落spore芽孢，孢子capsule荚膜bacteriop
24、hage噬菌体family科hypha菌丝spore孢子Infect感染，传染Infuse浸制，泡制Commercial fermentation工业发酵Feeding进料Diffuse浸提Corrupt腐败的，不洁Defoam消泡De-esterification脱脂作用Degeneration退化Degrade退化，降解Depurate净化，精制Desiccate干燥Dextrine糊精Assimilation同化作用dissimilation异化作用nitrification硝化作用denitrification反硝化作用Nitrogen fixation固氮作用Pasteur fixa
25、tion巴氏效应fermentability可发酵性Homofermentation同型发酵heterofermentation异型发酵Autolysis自溶现象Schizogenesis裂殖Budding芽殖Dormancy休眠Lag phage延滞期Decline phase衰亡期Stationary phase稳定期Exponential growth指数生长期Recipient受体Log phage对数生长期Corrosive腐败性，腐蚀性deastringent脱涩Clone克隆Mutation突变Mutant突变体Mutagenesis诱变Mutagen诱变剂 Variation变
26、异Genotype基因型Prototroph原氧型Auxotroph营养缺陷型nutrient agar营养琼脂nutrient broth营养肉汤bean sprouts medium豆芽汁培养基agar 琼脂meat extract肉膏beef extract牛肉膏malt wort麦芽汁yeast extract酵母膏agar slant 琼脂斜面contaminant污染物（杂菌）inoculum接种物inoculation接种inoculate接种culture transferring移菌aseptic technique无菌操作cultivation培养purification纯
27、化sterilization灭菌autoclave高压灭菌tyndallization间歇分段）灭菌filtration sterilization过滤除菌inactivate钝化，灭活incineration灼烧灭菌pasteurization巴氏消毒法confection糖食，糖果candy糖果，蜜饯colloid胶体，胶态colloid mill胶体磨congeal凝固，冻凝order目fungi真菌fruiting子实体exospore外生孢子parasexuality准性生殖actinomycetes放线菌anaerobe厌气菌obligate anaerobe专性厌氧菌saprop
28、hytic bacteria腐生菌Gram-positive 革兰氏阳性 endospore内生孢子eubacteria真细菌aerobe需氧菌facultative anaerobe兼性厌氧菌coccus球菌microaerobe微需氧菌diplococcus双杆菌tetrads四联球菌sarcina八叠球菌coccubacillus球杆菌flagellum 鞭毛pilus菌毛sporicidal杀死芽孢的gas vacuole气泡protoplast原生质体mycophage真菌噬菌体trypsin胰蛋白酶tryptic enzyme姨蛋白酶gelatinase明胶蛋白酶papain木瓜蛋
29、白酶inoculating needle接种针loop 接种环incubator培养箱activated sludge活性污泥immobilized cell固定化细胞flat-sour spoilage平罐酸败infectious microbe杂菌commercial strain生产用菌株compound barm混合酵母distillation蒸馏conversion coefficient转化率Gram-negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌rod杆菌Decolorize脱色Defecated澄清的Degerming消毒Denature变性Deterioration变质，退
30、化Petri plate 培养皿Mash醪液Spoilage酸败，腐败primary fermentation前发酵solid state fermentation固态发酵liquid state fermentation液态发酵secondary fermentation后发酵shallow tray fermentation浅盘发酵main fermentation主发酵submerged fermentation深层发酵batch fermentation分批发酵continuous fermentation连续发酵open fermentation敞口发酵top fermentatio
31、n上面发酵bottom fermentation下面发酵fermenter发酵罐seeding tank种子罐brewing酿造aging陈酿acidification酸化作用antifoam agent消泡剂acetification醋化作用saccharification糖化作用saccharine糖精sacchariferous agents糖化剂raw starter曲koji日本酒曲bran koji麸曲liquid koji液体曲medium培养基Donor供体11食品包装sealing封口adhension粘合labeling加标，贴标bar code条形码solid fibre
32、board硬纸板箱corrugated box瓦楞纸箱carton盒three-piece can三片罐jar坛，广口瓶bag, pouch, sachet, sack袋retort杀菌，杀菌锅aluminium foil bag铝袋crown王冠盖tamperproof cap防盗盖pilfer proof cap扭断螺纹盖，防盗盖plug塞子piston活塞package包装contents内装物flexible package软包装rigid package刚性包装transparent package透明包装See-through package透明包装Outer package外包装
33、Exterior package外包装Inner package内包装Interior package内包装domestic package内销包装export package出口包装returnable package 回收包装one-way package不回收包装 12食品工艺与设备centrifuge离心机separator分离机retort杀菌器pasteurizer消毒器gauge表，计，量规milk gauge牛乳比重计retort pouch蒸煮袋vertical立式horizontal卧式plate板式rotary回转式scrapped刮板式scrapped evaporat
34、or刮板式蒸发器double-pipe套管式blanching, scald热烫lye peeling碱液去皮juice screw-extractor螺旋榨汁机spray drying喷雾干燥grind研磨，破碎subdivide粉碎mill糖厂，粉碎机colloid mill胶体磨sterilizer杀菌器processing in water常压杀菌commercial sterilization商业灭菌ultra high temperature 超高温杀菌(UHTS)baume hydrometer波美比重计roasting焙炒cure 腌制，熏干brine盐水，卤水rinsed漂洗
35、chilling冷却pickled腌制dip浸，浸distilled vinegar白醋distillers grain酒精dosage剂量，补料educt抽出物，浸提物emulsify乳化homogenize均质homogenate均浆13食品酶与蛋白质lipase脂肪酶lipoxidase脂肪氧化酶lipoxygenase脂肪氧合酶decarboxylase脱羧酶exoenzyme胞外酶exocellular enzyme胞外酶endoenzyme胞内酶endocellular enzyme胞内酶nuclease核酸酶ribonuclease核糖核酸酶tannase单宁酶cellobias
36、e纤维二糖酶trypsin胰蛋白酶pepsin胃蛋白酶bromelin菠萝蛋白酶lipolytic enzyme脂肪分解酶dehydratase脱水酶dehydrase脱水酶cellulose纤维素酶cellulosic enzyme纤维素酶lactase乳糖酶peroxidase过氧化物酶superoxide dismutase 超氧化物歧化酶dehydrogenase脱氢酶hydroxylase羟化酶phosphorylase磷酸化酶phosphorylase磷酸化酶amylase胰淀粉酶glucoamylase葡萄糖淀粉酶scurase蔗糖酶invertase转化酶maltase麦芽糖酶
37、fructosidase果糖苷酶glucosidase葡萄糖苷酶-glucanase-葡聚糖酶glycogenase糖原酶pectase果胶酶pectic enzyme果胶酶Pectin estrase果胶酯酶protease蛋白酶peptidase肽酶proteolytic enzyme蛋白质分解酶rennet凝乳酶rennin凝乳酶renase凝乳酶pancreatin胰酶chymotrypsin胰凝乳蛋白酶chymotrypsinogen胰凝乳蛋白酶原catalase过氧化氢酶oxidase氧化酶oxygenase加氧酶kinase激酶pancreatic amylase胰淀粉酶liquefying amylase液化淀粉酶maltase麦芽糖酶glycogenase糖原酶pectin methylesterase果胶甲酯酶protopectinase原果胶酶diastase糖化酶，淀粉酶amylase糖化酶，淀粉酶diastatic淀粉酶的covalent backbone共价主链disulfide linkage/ bridge二硫键oxidoreductase氧化还原酶hydrolase水解酶transferase转移酶ly