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1、The Fourth of July,By Audre Lorde,Discussion of Paragraph One,1. When and where did the writers family go for a visit? The writers family went to Washington D.C. at the beginning of the summer when the writer graduated from the eighth grade and her elder sister from high school.,2. Why did the famil
2、y go on a Fourth of July trip?,The family went on a Fourth of July trip for two reasons. The main reason was that the writer and her sister had just graduated from school and the trip was taken as an event to mark their graduation and regarded as their graduation present. The other reason was that t
3、he Fourth of July is the National Day in the USA, the day on which America won independence and freedom. As a way of celebration, most Americans will take trips to various places.,Analysis of Paragraph One,The first paragraph presents the background information, which tells us the circumstances unde
4、r which the authors family were going to take the Washington trip and why.,Language Work,suppose: believe, accept as true; pretend that sth. is true; take sth. as a fact e.g.: (1) I dont suppose for a minute that he will agree. (2) Everyone supposes him to be poor, but he is in fact very wealthy. (3
5、) Suppose that you had a million pounds - How would you spend it?,be supposed to do sth.: be expected or required to do sth.e.g.:(1) Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?(2) You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday.(3) You are not supposed to play football in the classroom.(4) Stu
6、dents are not supposed to whisper or talk while the teacher is lecturing.,fabled: famous in fables; legendarye.g.:(1) There are some fabled cities in that small country.(2) The scientist went to investigate about the fabled fish in Lake Kanas.(3) The deserted house is fabled to have been inhabited b
7、y ghosts.,Discussion of Paragraph Two-Six,1. Why had the family always gone on the milk train when they used to go to the Connecticut shore? Because the milk train was cheaper. The fact that the family had always traveled on the cheap milk train implies that the family was rather poor.,2.Why did the
8、 writer say that her first trip to Washington D.C. was a mobile feast?,Because the writer started eating as soon as they were ensconced in their seats on the train and she did not stop eating until somewhere after Philadelphia.,3.Give a list of the different foods the writers mother had prepared and
9、 packed.,The writers mother had roasted two chickens and packed slices of brown bread and butter and green pepper and carrot sticks. There were iced cakes with scalloped edges, a spice bun and rock cakes, iced tea in a wrapped mayonnaise jar, sweet pickles, dill pickles, and peaches with the fuzz st
10、ill on them.,4.Why did the writers mother prepare a variety of foods for the trip?,There were probably two reasons. On the one hand, by taking a variety of food with them on the trip, the family members could save some money, for dining car food was too expensive. On the other hand, as black people,
11、 they were not allowed into railroad dining cars at that time.,5.Why had the writers elder sister been prevented from going to Washington D.C. with her high school classmates?,Because she was black and all her classmates were white and they would be staying in a hotel which did not rent rooms to Neg
12、roes.,Language Work,milk train: a train that chiefly carries milk, usu. very early in the morning in the air: in the sky; prevalent; gaining currency; not decided, indefinite,feast:an unusually large or elaborate meal; 盛宴， (fig.) sth. that pleases the mind or the senses with its richness or variety;
13、 a religious festival celebrated with rejoicing. e.g.: immovable feast 固定的（宗教）节日 The food on the table is actually a feast for eyes as well as for palate（味觉）.（餐桌上的食物不仅赏心悦目，而且味道不错。）The picture is a feast of colors. The melody is a rare feast,ensconce vt. (esp. passive) establish or settle oneself or
14、sb. in a safe and comfortable placee.g.:(1) At night in winter, the young couple are happily ensconced by the fire, each reading a good book. (2) We have ensconced ourselves in the most beautiful villa in the South of France.(3) As soon as he was ensconced in the sofa, he fell into a deep slumber.,d
15、ainty adj. (of things) small and pretty; (of people) neat and delicate in build or movement; fastidious esp. about food. （娇美的）e.g.:(1) The bowls are all made of dainty porcelain.(2) She is a dainty girl, but she is very capable.(3) Mrs. Smith is very dainty about food.,scallop vt. decorate with a ro
16、w of curves forming an edge or pattern on pastry（油酥面点，各式烘烤糕点）, etc.e.g.:(1) They decorated the cake with scalloped edges.(2) His parents had scalloped his birthday cake.,marigold n. any of various types of a garden plant with orange or yellow flowers(金盏花；金盏菊；万寿菊) e.g.:(1) The garden is very beautifu
17、l with so many marigolds in full bloom.(2) His birthday cake was scalloped with marigolds.,rock-cake n.a small currant cake with a hard rough crust 岩皮饼(一种表面粗硬的小甜饼) mayonnaise jar a container used to hold thick creamy sauce made of egg-yolks, oil and vinegar, used esp. on cold foods such as salads; d
18、ish made with this.(蛋黄酱)e.g.: Eggnog is made with mayonnaise and hard-boiled eggs.,pickle n. food, esp. marinated vegetables, i.e., vegetables preserved in vinegar or salt water; particular vegetables preserved this way.（腌菜，泡菜）e.g.(1)I like red cabbage pickle.(2) His hometown, Yangzhou, is famous fo
19、r pickles.dill n. a herb with scented leaves and seeds used for flavoring pickles(莳萝，小茴香),fuzz n. fluff; fluffy or frizzled hair; short, fine hair that sticks up，coat.e.g(1) A peach skin is covered with fuzz.(2) His chest is covered with fuzz.glycerine n. a thick sweet colorless liquid made from fat
20、s and oils used in medicines, toilet products and explosives(甘油；丙三醇),bruise n. an injury caused by a blow or knock to the body or to a fruit, discoloring the skin but not breaking it e.g.:(1)He was covered in bruises after falling off his bicycle.(2)The young man had a few cuts and bruises but nothi
21、ng serious.v. cause a bruise or bruises on sth.; show the effect of a blow or knock e.g.: (1) He fell and bruised his legs. (2) Her face was badly bruised in the crash. (3) Peaches bruise easily.,for the umpteenth time for numerous times; for countless times, 无数次e.g.:(1) For the umpteenth time, I te
22、ll you I dont know. (2) The thief stole mobile phones for the umpteenth time. umpteen. (infml) numerous, too many to counte.g.: (1) Umpteen of them left. (2) She had umpteen reasons for being late.,in private: with no one else present e.g.(1) She asked to see him in private.(2) The manager wanted to
23、 talk to her in private. avow vt. (fml) admit; declare sth. openly; state firmly and openly e.g.(1) He avowed his belief, faith and conviction at the conference. (2) She avowed herself to be a generous woman, but in fact she wasnt.,overnight adv. suddenly or very quicklye.g.(1)He stayed overnight at
24、 a friends house.(2) She became a celebrity overnight.(3) They had an overnight stop in Rome.(4) It was an overnight success. measly adj. ridiculously small in size, amount and valuee.g.(1) He gave us measly little portions of the cake. (2) What a measly birthday present!,Sentence Understanding,In f
25、act, my first trip to Washington was a mobile feast. Actually, my first trip to Washington was a wonderful or elaborate meal that we enjoyed in the chugging train. Indeed, my first trip to Washington was like a very pleasant or very agreeable feast, because I started eating as soon as we were comfor
26、tably settled in our seats and did not stop until somewhere after Philadelphia.,Analysis of Paragraph 2-6,This part mainly tells the readers the preparations made for the trip, in particular, the large amount and variety of food the authors mother had prepared for the family, which actually turned t
27、heir first trip on a passenger train to Washington into a real mobile feast. Part of the reason for doing so was that her mother knew only too well that it would be an unpleasant experience if they should go to eat in the dining car. A previous event was related in the 6th paragraph, revealing the r
28、eason why the authors sister Phyllis had not been able to go to Washington together with her classmates.,We still take among-you to Washington ? We will still take you, all three of you, to Washington ?among-you: your kind; you in a groupnot just for an overnight in some measly fleabag hotel not mer
29、ely staying for one night in a small, lousy hotel The word overnight is usually an adverb or adjective, meaning for or during the night; however, it is used as a noun, which is very rare, meaning an overnight stay.,Discussion of Paragraphs717,Why did the writer spend the whole next day after Mass sq
30、uinting up at the Lincoln Memorial? And why had Marian Anderson sung at the Lincoln Memorial after the D.A.R. refused to allow her to sing in their auditorium because she was Black?,Both the writer and Marian Anderson are black. The writer spent the whole next day after Mass squinting up at the Linc
31、oln Memorial because it was Lincoln, the American President, who liberated the blacks in America, who advocated freedom for the colored and who even sacrificed his life for the emancipation of the black people. Both the writer and Marian Anderson cherished the memory of this great man. Marian Anders
32、on had sung at the Lincoln Memorial, also because she wanted to spread Lincolns noble ideas, to show that his noble ideas had not been realized and to call on people to fight against racial discrimination and segregation so as to make Lincolns noble thought come true and win liberation and freedom f
33、or the black people.,(2)Why was the writer squinting?,The writer was squinting because she was in that silent agony that characterized all of her childhood summers, from the time school let out in June to the end of July, brought about by her dilated and vulnerable eyes exposed to the summer brightn
34、ess. In other words, she was squinting because she was suffering realistically from the dazzling sunlight and mentally from the suffocating white domination.,(3)Why didntt the authors parents approve of sunglasses? Was it just because they were too expensive?,The expense may not be the real reason.
35、Wearing sunglasses will make the dazzling light milder. What her parents were really saying was that they wanted their kids to realize to the fullest extent the injustice that was inflicted upon the black people.,(4)Do you find some symbolic meaning in Paragraph 11?,Yes.While squinting up at monumen
36、ts to freedom and past presidencies and democracy, the writer was wondering why the light and heat were both so much stronger in Washington D.C. than back home in New York City. Even the pavement on the streets was a shade lighter in color than back home. Here, most probably, the white light and hea
37、t and the white pavement on the streets symbolize the white domination. Actually, the writer was wondering why the white domination or racial discrimination was even stronger in Washington D.C. than back home in New York City.,(5)Why did the writers father decree another treat?,Moved by their histor
38、ical surroundings and the heat of the early evening, her father decreed yet another treat. Also, it was because he had a great sense of history, a flair for the quietly dramatic and a strong sense of a special occasion and a trip.,(6) What was it that the waitress at the ice-cream counter was saying
39、 to the family?,She said, I kin give you to take out, but you cant eat here. In other words, the waitress said clearly that the writer and her family could be allowed to take the food out, but not to eat it in the ice-cream store.,(7) How did the family feel when they marched out of the store?,They
40、felt indignant and outraged. (8) What was the writers strong feeling? The writer felt extremely indignant and outraged. She was particularly hurt and responded to it indignantly: But we hadnt done anything! This wasnt right or fair! Hadnt I written poems about freedom and democracy for all?,Language
41、 Work,an extra cot for me: an additional smaller bed for me cot n. a bed for a young child, usu. with sides to protect the child from falling out; simple narrow bed e.g.(1)The baby is slumbering in the cot. (2) A camp bed or a bunk bed on a ship is a typical cot. (3) Cot is a word in British English
42、, while crib (only for babies) is a word in American English.,a back-street hotel: a hotel located on a by-street away from the main streets Mass n. celebration of Christs Last Supper, esp. in the Roman Catholic Churche.g.: (1)They go to Mass regularly.(弥撒)(2) The priest says two Masses each day.,be
43、 in real estate: deal in real property or immovable property, consisting of land, buildings, etc.; engage in the business of selling houses, land for building, etc.e.g.:(1)That businessman has been in real estate for 20 years, thus becoming a wealthy man.(2)Those who have engaged in real estate are
44、all in possession of plenty of property.,D.A.R. an acronym for Daughters of the American Revolutioncorolla n. a whorl or whorls of petals forming the inner envelope of a flower 花冠travesty n. absurd imitation of or inferior substitute for; distortione.g.:(1) The trial was a travesty of justice. (2) I
45、n their view, the play was a travesty of the truth.,squint vi. look at sth. with eyes half shut or turned sideways, or through a narrow opening e.g.: (1)We have to squint in the bright sunlight.(2)She squinted through the letterbox. agony: 极度的痛苦或创痛，（在口语中）艰辛e.g.: She went through agony writing this p
46、aper.(她写得很艰苦)（常用于复数）临死前的痛苦,dilate v. (cause sth.) to become wider, larger or further opene.g.:(1) The pupils of your eyes dilate when you enter a dark room. (2) The horse dilated its nostrils.vulnerable adj. that which can be hurt, wounded, or injured; exposed to attack or dangere.g.:(1) Young birds
47、 are vulnerable to predators. (2) Cyclists are more vulnerable than motorists.(3) The election defeat puts the party leader in a vulnerable position.,flair n. a natural ability to do sth. well; original and attractive qualitye.g.:(1) She doesntt show much flair for the piano.(2) She has a real flair
48、 for languages.specialness n. a state of being particular, being out of the ordinary; peculiarity,outrage vt. (esp. passive) shock or offend sb; upset sb. greatly e.g.:(1) They were outraged by the announcement of massive price increases.(2) What they did outraged public opinion.guilty silence: sile
49、nce affected by a sense of guilt e.g.:(1) Here, the word guilty is used as a transferred epithet.,Sentence Understanding,I was squinting because I was in that silent agony that characterized all of my childhood summers, from the time school let out in June to the end of July, brought about by my dilated and vulnerable eyes exposed to the summer brightness. As they were often exposed to the summer brightness, my eyes became larger and wider and more vulnerable, which made me suffer silently and terribly throughout all of my childhood summers, from the time school let out in June