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1、Lesson 57,New words,Madam n. 太太，夫人 jeans n. 牛仔裤 hesitate v. 犹豫，迟疑 serve v. 接待（顾客） scornfully adv. 轻蔑地 punish v. 惩罚 fur n. 裘皮 eager adj. 热切的，热情的,Madam /mdm / n. (对妇女的尊称) 太太，夫人 1) 信的称呼 Dear madam, 2) 关于女性的称呼 3) 关于男性的称呼,Miss 1) 对未婚女子姓名的称谓 Miss Hill 2) 小学生对女教师的尊称 Miss Yu Mrs. 夫人（已婚女子姓或姓名前） Mrs. Brown Ms
2、. 女士（已婚或未婚女子姓或姓名前）Ms. Mary,Mr. 先生（男子姓或姓名前，职务前） Mr. White 怀特先生 Mr. President 总统先生 Sir 对男子的礼貌称呼 Yes, sir. 中小学生对男老师的称呼 信的称呼 Dear Sir,jeans /di:nz / n. 牛仔裤 世界第一条牛仔裤的发明人Levi Strauss（利瓦伊史特劳斯） A woman in jeans,clothes shoes shirt 衬衫 boots 靴子 coat 大衣 sandals 凉鞋 sweater 毛衣 sneakers 旅游鞋 T-shirt T恤衫 dress 连衣裙
3、skirt 短裙 pants 裤子 jacket 夹克衫 vest 背心,shirt,coat,sweater,T-shirt,dress,skirt,pants,jacket,vest,hesitate /heztet / v. 犹豫，迟疑 hesitate 的用法 hesitation n. without hesitation 毫不犹豫,1) hesitate at/over/about sth He hesitates at nothing. 他从不优柔寡断。 2) hesitate to do sth Dont hesitate to say no. 3) hesitate in d
4、oing sth I hesitated in telling the truth.,serve /s: v / 1) v. 服务，为.效力，接待（顾客） serve as 担任 He served two terms as President. serve a sentence 服刑 2) (食物)足够.人的份额 The cake can serve ten people. Service n. 服务 at ones service 为某人效劳 service station 加油站 service industry 服务业,serve,v. 接待(顾客) Can I serve you i
5、n any way? 我能帮你忙吗？,New words,Madam n. 太太，夫人 jeans n. 牛仔裤 hesitate v. 犹豫，迟疑 serve v. 接待（顾客）,adv. 轻蔑地,scornfully,scornfully /sk:nfl/ adv. 轻蔑地 Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. scorn v. 鄙视 scornful adj. 鄙视的，轻蔑的 A scornful smile A scornful look,scorn /sk:n/ n. 鄙视，轻蔑 pour s
6、corn on sb/sth 以鄙夷的口气说到某人某事 2) v. 鄙视，傲慢的拒绝 scorn sbs invitation 傲慢的拒绝某人的邀请 scorn sbs advice 鄙视某人的建议 scorn sbs offer 拒绝某人的帮助,punish,惩罚 punish sb. 惩罚某人 The boy was punished for being late. 这男孩因迟到受到处分。,punish /pn / v. 惩罚 punish sb for sth The teacher punished him for cheating on the exam. give a lesson
7、 to sb 教训某人一顿 teach sb a lesson 教训某人一顿 punishment n. 惩罚 capital punishment 死刑,fur /f: / n. 裘皮，皮毛 A coat of fur = a fur coat Make the fur fly 引起争吵，打倒 leather 皮革 feather 羽毛,eager,adj. 热切的,热情的 be eager to do 急欲, 渴望做 I am eager to do it. 我极想做这件事。,eager /i: / adj. 热切的，渴望的 1) be eager for sth We are eager
8、 for success. 2) be eager to do sth The assistant was eager to serve her this time.,New words,Madam n. 太太，夫人 jeans n. 牛仔裤 hesitate v. 犹豫，迟疑 serve v. 接待（顾客） scornfully adv. 轻蔑地 punish v. 惩罚 fur n. 裘皮 eager adj. 热切的，热情的,Enjoy the story,Can I help you, madam?,Find two words to describe the change of th
9、e man.,Before. scornfully,After. eager,What does the word “scornfully” mean？,What caused the change?,Before. jeans 牛仔裤,After. fur coat 裘皮大衣,Dialogue （对话） Man: Can I help you, madam (夫人)? Woman: Yes. May I try on this dress? Man: Im afraid that the dress was sold.,In fact, the dress is not sold.,This
10、 man looked down upon 看不起 the woman.,This man is really a snob(势利眼).,1. Why did the shop assistant glance at the woman scornfully and tell her that the dress was sold? He did not like the way she was dressed. 2. How was the woman dressed when she returned to the same shop the following morning? She
11、returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. 3.Did the woman get what she wanted? Yes, she did.,A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. 1. 穿戴小结 2. at 和in 的区别 3. expensivecheap more expensive/the most
12、 expensive cheaper/cheapest,do window shopping,do window shopping,dress, wear, put on, in, with的用法小结 1. in是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于 服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或 定语。 Can you see that woman in the blue coat? 你能看见那个穿蓝外套的女士吗？ He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。,2. put on “穿上、戴上”，强调“穿”“戴”的动 作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。
13、 I want you to put on this coat and this hat. 我要你穿这件外套，戴这顶帽子。 Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out. 如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。,3. wear “穿着；戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以 是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。例如： Youd better wear blue or black pants with brown shoes. 穿棕色鞋子的时候, 最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子。 Why does he often wear dark sun-glasses? 他为什么经常
14、戴着深色的太阳镜？,4. dress的宾语通常是人，意思是“给穿衣服” 1） dress oneself 或 get dressed表示给自己穿衣服。 My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。 Its time to wake up and get dressed! 该起床穿衣服了。 2）be dressed in 的意思是“穿着”，表示状态。 He was dressed in a black suit. 他穿着一套黑衣服 3）dress up的意思是“盛装打扮、乔装打扮”。 Id like you to dress up for
15、my birthday party tonight. 今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。,be dressed in dress sb dress oneself dress up,盛装打扮 穿着 为自己穿衣服 为穿衣服,1.She was dressed in black. 2.Mother would dress you when you were young. 3.Tom is old enough to dress himself. 4.Children dress up and go to their neighbors homes to ask for sweets.,the w
16、ay she was dressed The way后跟定语从句，引导词可用in which/that/不填,5. with表示穿戴，只能作定语，而且只能和 眼镜、手套等连用，不能接衣服。 The boy with thick glasses is our monitor. 戴深度眼镜那个男孩是我们的班长。 with表示某人有某生理特征。 The police are looking for a man with a scar on his face. 警察正在搜寻一个脸上有疤的人。,at 和 in 表示地点的区别 1. 在表示地点或场所时，一般来讲，较大的地方用in, 较小的地方用at Th
17、ere were a lot of people in the street. I would like to live in a warm country. He lives at 27 West Street. Ill see you at the station.,2. 当用at 或 in 来谈论建筑物时，in强调在建筑物里 面，at则笼统的指在这个建筑物周围。 at the restaurant 可以是在餐馆里面，也可以在餐馆附近 in the restaurant 强调在餐馆里面,Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went
18、in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. 1. though 引导的让步条件句 though译为虽然但是 后面不可以加but 2. 关于moment 的词组 3. ask的用法,关于moment的词组 at the moment 眼下,当前 for the moment 暂时,目前 at this/that moment 在此、那时 at this moment in time 此时此刻 in a moment 立刻、马上 for a moment 一会儿 wait/just a moment 稍等一小会儿 the last mom
19、ent 最后一刻 big moment 大好时机 choose/pick your moment选择好的时机,ask的用法 1. ask about sth (sb) 询问有关某人或某事的情况 She asked about his health. 她询问他的健康状况。 2. ask after sb 问候某人(的健康)。 They all ask after you. 他们都问候你(的健康)。 3. ask for sth 要求得到某物或要求与某人见面。 He asked for some water. 他要些水。,4. ask sb for sth向某人要某物或请某人给某物。 They a
20、sked me for help. 他们向我求助。 5. ask to do sth要求或请求做某事。 He asked to go alone. 他要求一个人去。 6. ask sb to do sth 请或叫某人做某事。 He asked us to wait for him at the gate. 他叫我们在门口等他。,The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. like的用法,like 的用法 1. like + 名词/代词 表示喜欢某人或某物 She likes her students ve
21、ry much. 2. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 I like reading. 3. like to do sth.喜欢做某事 I dont like to read this evening.,Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 1. 分词作状语,分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词 1. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语 的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。 2. 过
22、去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主 语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。,3. 分词的否定形式就是在分词前加not Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal. 4. 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语 动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。 这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构， 或独立主格。,The woma
23、n walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. 1. decide 的用法,decide v.决定，决心；名词形式为decision 1)跟名词或代词 It is the people who decide the fate of mankind. 决定人类命运的是人民。 The question will be decided by themselves. 问题将由他们自己决定。 2)跟不定式 decide to do sth He decided to give a one-man
24、 show. 他决定唱一段独角戏。,3)跟从句 Lets first decide where we should go. 我们先决定一下到什么地方去。 It is not decided whether we will go there. 还没有决定我们是不是去那儿。 4)跟介词短语(跟on或upon,表示“就某事做出决定”) Dont decide on important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做出决定。,She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, wit
25、h a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. 1. The following morning = the next morning,After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. seek sb/sth out = reach out 找出，搜寻出 seek for = look for = search for seek sought sought,Not realizing who she was, the assistant wa
26、s eager to serve her this time. 1. Not realizing who she was 分词的否定形式 2. be eager to do 热切的做某事,With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.,As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. 1. As soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan 的用法,As soon as, hardlywhen, no so
27、onerthan 1) as soon as A事发生后就做B这件事 Ill write you as soon as I get there. 2) no soonerthan 刚做完A这件事就做B这件事 He had no sooner returned than he bought a house. 3) hardlywhen 几乎未来得及做完A这件事就做B这件事 He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.,She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almo
28、st everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for. 1. enjoy sb doing sth 开心做某事 2. 使役动词 make, let, have 3. 程度副词,使役动词make, let, have 1）make, let, have后面的动词不定式不加to， 即 make/have/let sb. do sth. make sb. do sth (含迫使、强迫之意) 让某人做某事 I cant make him change his mind. The teach
29、er made the boy write the exercise again. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 （无强迫之意） Dont let him persuade you. 不要让他把你说服了。 Dont let the children touch anything in this room please.,程度副词的种类 1. 肯定 absolutely, almost, completely, enough, entirely, extremely, fairly, far, just, much, nearly, only, quite, rather, re
30、ally, so, too, very等。 2. 否定 barely, scarcely, hardly,独立主格结构,独立主格结构的模式是： 主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑主语） （作逻辑谓语）,1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.,2. The question settled, we went home.,3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.,主格名词/代词 + 分词 (过去分词/现在分
31、词）,主格名词/代词 + 形容词,1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.,2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress.,主格名词/代词 + 副词,The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.,We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home.,主格名词/代词
32、+ 不定式,主格名词/代词 +介词短语,Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.,with复合结构 与 独立主格结构,它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。,with复合结构的模式是： with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 独立主格结构的模式是： 主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语,一、作时间状语,1、With winter coming on, the tree
33、s turn yellow and some birds fly south.,=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.,2、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.,=The traffic light green, the bus got moving.,二、作原因状语,1、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.,= The weather
34、terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.,2、With the key having been lost, she could not enter the room.,= The key having been lost, she could not enter the room.,三、作条件状语,1、With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.,= Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.,2、With the car
35、 going wrong, well have to stop at the foot of the mountain.,= The car going wrong, well have to stop at the foot of the mountain.,四、作伴随状语,1、The mother was cleaning the house with her baby playing on the bed.,=The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing on the bed.,2、Last night I followed hi
36、m, with a sword in my hand.,= Last night I followed him , sword in hand.,无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：,He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand.,with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.,Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.,= Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.,