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1、,How many life stages do we experience?,Prebirth,Birth,Infancy (Ages 0-3),Early Childhood (Ages 3-6),Middle Childhood (Ages 6-8),Late Childhood (Ages 9-11),Adolescence (Ages 12-20),Early Adulthood (Ages 20-35),Midlife (Ages 35-50),Mature Adulthood (Ages 50-80),Late Adulthood (Age 80+),Death to happe
2、n at the same time as sth 2.与媲美；比得上 to be as good as sth 3. 与平行 be the same distance apart at every point along their whole length,adj. 1.平行的two or more lines that are parallel to each other are the same distance apart at every point (to/with sth) 2.极相似的；同时发生的；相应的；对应的very similar or taking place at
3、the same time,Their legal system parallels our own.,The railway lines run parallel to the road.,Her experiences parallel mine in many instances.,Translation,她的经历多与我的相似。,acquaint,v. (formal)使熟悉；使了解to make sb/yourself familiar with or aware of sth Usages: 1. acquaint sb/oneself with sth使某人熟悉,把告知某人 2.
4、S+ n./pron. +that-clause,Translation,We should acquaint ourselves with this advanced technique.,我们应该使自己熟悉这种先进技术。,There were childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges. (Para. 1),Previous phases in life,previous,adj. only before
5、noun 先前的, 以往的,早先的happening or existing before the event or object that you are talking about 【派生词】previous to prep. Previous to this, shed always been well.,induction,n. 1.就职；入门；接纳会员；就职仪式the process of introducing sb to a new job, skill, organization, etc.; a ceremony at which this takes place 2.归纳法
6、,归纳a method of discovering general rules and principles from particular facts and examples,Mrs.Simpson is responsible for the induction of new library staff.,sensible,adj. (人及行为)明智的；理智的；合理的；切合实际的able to make good judgements based on reason and experience rather than emotion; practical (formal or lit
7、erary)意识到；认识到aware of sth,equivalent,adj. （价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc. (to sth) n. 相等的东西；等量；对应词a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else (of/to sth),A dime is equivalent to 10 pennies.,radical,adj. usually before noun 1.根本的, 彻底的, 完全的concern
8、ing the most basic and important parts of sth; thorough and complete 2.全新的, 不同凡响的, 重大的new, different and likely to have a great effect 3.激进的；极端的in favour of thorough and complete political or social change,quit,v. 1.(informal)离开（工作职位、学校等）；离任；离校to leave your job, school, etc. 2. (informal, especially
9、NAmE)停止, 戒掉to stop doing sth doing sth. / sth. 3.离开，迁出，搬离（住处）to leave the place where you live 4.关闭，退出（计算机程序等）to close a computer program or application,HequithisjobasanofficeboyinAthens.,Policewerecalledwhenherefusedtoquitthebuilding,Iwastryingtoquitsmokingatthetime.,He quit/quitted the show last y
10、ear because of/due to bad health.,Translation,去年他因身体欠佳而退出了表演。,shift,v. 1.转移；挪动to move, or move sth, from one position or place to another (sth) (from) (to) 2. (情况、意见、政策等)变换；更替；变动to change from one state, position, etc. to another (from) (to/towards/toward),When the wind shifted/shifts from south to
11、north, it/ the weather began/begins to get cold.,Translation,当风向由南转北时,天变冷了。,n. 1.改变；转移；转换；变换a change in position or direction (in sth) 2.班；轮班；轮班工作时间a period of time worked by a group of workers who start work as another group finishes day/night shift working in shifts,prior,adj. only before noun 1.(
12、formal)在前面的 before sth prior to 2.先前的；较早的；在前的happening or existing before sth else or before a particular time 3.优先的；占先的；较重要的already existing and therefore more important,Please give us prior notice if you need an evening meal.,They have a prior claim to the property.,frame,v. 1.（以某种方式）表达to express
13、sth in a particular way 2. usually passive给做框；给镶边to put or make a frame or border around sth,Youll have to be careful how you frame the question.,The photograph had been framed.,n. 1.（图画、门、玻璃等的）框架a strong border or structure of wood, metal, etc. that holds a picture, door, piece of glass, etc. in po
14、sition 2. sing.（构成某事物背景的）总的思想，体系，体制，模式the general ideas or structure that form the background to sth 3. C帧；画格；画面one of the single photographs that a film or video is made of 4. C,usually sing.体形；身材；骨架the form or structure of a person or animals body 5. C（家具、建筑物、车辆等的）构架，支架，骨架the supporting structure
15、of a piece of furniture, a building, a vehicle, etc. that gives it its shape,proportion,n. 1.C 部分；份额a part or share of a whole 2.U比例；倍数the relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. (of sth to sth) 3.pl. proportions面积；体积；规模；程度the measurements of sth; its size and shape,Water covers a
16、 large proportion of the earths surface.,The proportion of men to women in the college has changed dramatically over the years.,Usage: 1.If proportion is used with an uncountable or a singular noun, the verb is generally singular. A proportion of the land is used for agriculture. 2.If the proportion
17、 of is used with a plural countable noun, or a singular noun that represents a group of people, the verb is usually singular, but with a (large, small, etc.) proportion of, a plural verb is often used, especially in BrE. The proportion of small cars on Americas roads is increasing. A high proportion
18、 of five-year-olds have teeth in poor condition.,Today, many young people delay marriage and even employment, which is different from the previous times.,A newly added phase in life: the odyssey years,Today, young people are following a different agenda: the odyssey years.,Previously, young peoples
19、induction to adulthood was completed once they graduated from college.,(Para. 3),(Para. 4),(Para. 5),rebel,n. rebl反政府的人；叛乱者；造反者a person who fights against the government of their country v. ribel造反；反抗；背叛to fight against or refuse to obey an authority, for example a government, a system, your parents
20、, etc. (against sb/sth),rebellious adj.,The slaves rebelled against their masters and killed them all.,Translation,奴隶们起来反抗奴隶主并把他们都杀光。,resent,v. 愤恨；感到气愤；愤愤不平to feel bitter or angry about sth, especially because you feel it is unfair Usage: 1. S+ n./pron. 2. S+ v ing Freedie resents being kept waiting
21、 so long. 3. S+that-clause He resents that he is often kept waiting.,resort,v.诉诸；求助于；依靠to make use of sth, especially sth bad, as a means of achieving sth, often because there is no other possible solution resort to sth / doing sth. We may have to resort to using untrained staff.,make allowance(s) f
22、or sth体谅，谅解；考虑到，估计到（如在决策或计划时） The budget made allowance for inflation. make allowances (for sb)体谅，谅解 Hes tired so Ill make allowances for him.,make allowance(s) for,predict,v. 预言；预告；预报to say that sth will happen in the future Usage: 1.S+ n./pron. 2. S+that-clause 3.It is/was predicted that 4.【passiv
23、e】be predicted to do The trial is predicted to last for months.,version,n. 1.变化形式;变体;版本a form of sth that is slightly different from an earlier form or from other forms of the same thing 2.（从不同角度的）说法，描述a description of an event from the position of a particular person or group of people,There are tw
24、o versions of the game, a long one and a short one.,She gave us her version of what had happened that day.,boom,v. 1.迅速发展；激增；繁荣昌盛to have a period of rapid growth; to become bigger, more successful, etc. 2.轰鸣；轰响to make a loud deep sound,By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming.,implicit,adj. 含
25、蓄的；不直接言明的suggested without being directly expressed (in sth)在中不明确的 Implicit in his speech was the assumption that they were guilty.,contemporary,adj. 1.当代的；现代的belonging to the present time 2.属同时期的；同一时代的belonging to the same time (with sb/sth) He was contemporary with the dramatist Congreve.,witness,
26、v. 1.是发生的地点（或时间、组织等）；见证to be the place, period, organization, etc. in which particular events take place 2.当场看到，目击（尤指罪行或事故）to see sth happen (typically a crime or an accident) Did anyone witness the traffic accident? The 1980s have witnessed increasing unemployment.,n. 1.目击者；见证人a person who sees sth
27、 happen and is able to describe it to other people be (a) witness to sth目击，看见（某事发生） 2. 证人a person who gives evidence in court a defence/prosecution witness被告的 / 控方的证人,Translation,India has witnessed many political changes in recent years.,印度近年来经历了很多政治变动。,New guidelines for this particular phase have
28、nt been established. Every change remains temporary.,Characteristics of the odyssey years,Because of enormous pressure, young people react with rebellious behaviors toward their parents.,Their parents feel more anxious.,The change in gender status delays the time to get married. However, young peopl
29、e still hold traditional aspirations for parenthood.,This new phase will become more pronounced in the coming years.,(Para. 6),(Para. 7),(Para. 8),(Para. 9),(Para. 10),deceive,v. 1.欺骗；蒙骗；诓骗to make sb believe sth that is not true sb (into doing sth) 骗得某人相信 2.使人误信；误导to make sb have a wrong idea about
30、sb/sth,We were deceived into buying that house.,Unless my eyes deceive me, thats his wife.,reinforce,v. 1.加强；充实；使更强烈to make a feeling, an idea, etc. stronger 2.加固；使更结实to make a structure or material stronger, especially by adding another material to it 3.给加强力量（或装备）；使更强大to send more people or equipme
31、nt in order to make an army, etc. stronger,A good speaker should be able to reinforce his argument with facts.,一个好的演讲者会用事实来加强他论点。,Translation,Advices to young people,Success will only come to those who know that they must have the strength, capacity and confidence to pass through the odyssey years.,
32、Keep your resume professional and up-to-date.,1 我们大多数人都知道，根据不同的年龄和生活阶段，人生可与此平行划分为童年、青春期、成年和老年这四个阶段。我们把这些阶段想象为婴儿在童年之前，中年在老年之前，每个阶段都会面临一系列特有的挑战，如孩子对学习的需要，成人对找到合适的职业生涯和建立一个家庭的需要，以及年长者对得到帮助和良好医疗保健的需要。通过对它们的充分了解，我们就可以战胜这些挑战。,2 有趣的是，关于人生阶段的观念正在发生变化。,3 在先前的年代，人们并没有一种固有的把童年和成年分开的想法。一百年前，谁也没有想到过青春期。直到最近，人们还很
33、自然地认为：只要他们一从大学毕业，他们的成人入门阶段就结束了。他们就会找到一份把他们引入职业生涯的合适的工作。然后在此职业生涯期间，他们会成家，三十岁之前成家更为理想。 4 今天，我们同样需要认识一个新的人生阶段：从高中毕业到上大学，然后到成家立业，即所谓的奥德赛岁月。 由于年轻人正按照一种不同的模式生活，最近的趋势出现了根本性的变化。他们从学校休学，与朋友同住，也常回去与父母同住。同样，他们恋爱又失恋，辞掉一份工作又去寻找新的，甚至改行。因此，我们需要认识这个新阶段奥德赛岁月。现在许多人认为这是步入成年之前的一个难以回避的阶段。,5 出生于上个世纪60年代或70年代之前的人们往往会将成年的概
34、念基于是否取得了某些成就：从父母家搬走，经济上独立，找到合适的配偶并组织家庭。但是，对稳定的强调并没能保持不变。今天，年轻人不太可能仿效他们的父母。在奥德赛岁月中，相当比例的年轻人都推迟结婚、生子，甚至推迟就业。 6 奥德赛岁月使年轻人承受了巨大的压力，迫使他们快速往前冲。作为他们父母唯一的继承人和所有期望、希望和梦想的聚焦，有些年轻人以叛逆和桀骜不驯的行为和态度对待父母。他们往往憎恨他们所感到的压力，并同他们的父母保持距离，甚至离家出走。他们的困惑源于很难让家长了解他们，也源于这段需要进行自我探索的、不确定的人生之旅。为了逃避困惑和不安，许多年轻人诉诸电脑游戏，iPod，iPhone或iPa
35、d，以帮助分散他们的痛苦和压力。,7 同样，他们的父母更是着急。虽然他们理解从学生到成年需要一个过渡阶段，但看到他们已成年子女的过渡阶段的生活与他们的期望渐行渐远，过渡阶段延至五年，七年，甚至更长时，他们感到生气。父母甚至不能清楚地觉察到他们孩子未来生活的方向，只能看着他们，看着要做的事被拖延着。 8 接下来会如何发展很难预测。新的准则还没有建立，一切似乎都被一个不确定的版本所取代。 两性之间地位和权力的平衡也有了转变。取得学位的女性比男性更多。男性的工资在过去的几十年里一直停滞不前，而女性的工资却出现激增。,9 别的不说，这对择偶产生了不言而喻的影响。即使未婚，受过教育的妇女仍可以得到很多她
36、们想要的东西，如安全感，成就感，和认同感。不过，不论男女都更难找到合适的伴侣来一同建立他们的生活。 在讨论这一切时，有助于让大家知道，即使毕业生离开大学后推迟了做很多事，调查结果显示，他们仍持有很传统的愿望。例如，当今的一代比以前的几代对如何扮演好父母的角色有着更高的要求。 10 这一新阶段在未来几年可能更明显。世界各国都目睹了相似的趋势，人们推迟结婚，花更多年的时间徘徊在接受高等教育和建立职业生涯及家庭之间。,11 然而，毕业生不应误认为因情况已变得更困难，他们就可以放弃。大批的人努力角逐相对较少的机会，这会导致强大的竞争压力。所以，从一开始你就要将个人简历写得很专业，并做到随时更新。 12
37、 要强化这一重要信息：顺利度过奥德赛岁月的将是那些不急于即刻实现目标的人但这些人知道他们必须保持实力、能力、信心去度过这段较长的岁月。如果你的目标起步稍晚了点，不要认为自己是个失败者！ 意志坚定，态度积极，并集中精力！ 有一天，你会回头审视，并对奥德赛岁月给你带来的巨大改变感到惊叹。,Focus on a comparison / contrast essay To compare means to show the similarities and to contrast means to show the differences. In everyday life, you compare
38、 and contrast when you buy a car or choose an apartment. You can also compare two teachers, two jobs, or two ways to spend a weekend.,Contrast: on the other hand, in contrast, however, in comparison, even though, although, though, whereas, while, but, different from, unlike, etc.,The key to writing
39、a successful and coherent essay is the appropriate use of comparison and contrast structure words. The common ones are:,Structure words,Comparison: similarly, likewise, also, too, as, just as, like, just like, similar to, alike, the same as, not only but also, both and , etc.,Have a look at the outl
40、ine and the sample below, which is a comparison / contrast essay:.,Topic: The differences between the young generation and their parents generation. Introduction: Thesis statement: Even though both generations have their good points, todays young people are more active and adaptable to the changes o
41、f life than their parents.,to be continued,Body: Point 1: active in life Young people Parents Point 2: adaptable to the changes of life Young people Parents,Conclusion: Young people usually live in a more active and flexible way than their parents.,Sample: As is known to all, peoples lifestyles and
42、behavior change constantly. Consequently, there are many differences between the young generation and their parents generation (Topic sentence). Even though both generations have their good points, todays young people are more active and adaptable to the changes of life than their parents.,to be con
43、tinued,Sample: First of all, young people nowadays are more active in life (Detail 1). As we can often observe, many students who are still in high school have started to find jobs. They think this will help them gain more experience and they can work better after graduating from universities. This
44、is an absolutely opposite view to their parents generation. In their times, parents often waited until they were qualified enough to get a job. They were not as active as young people today.,to be continued,Sample: In addition, the young generation better adapts to the changes of life (Detail 2). Fo
45、r example, for the past decade or so, the Internet has developed tremendously. Young people find it extremely easy to use and feel very comfortable to apply it to their studies and work; therefore, they have made more progress at school and at work. In contrast, their parents usually find it hard to
46、 remember how to use computers or surf online. They often get frustrated when they have to work on a computer and find it hard to adapt to the new technology.,to be continued,Sample: To conclude, although every generation has its own uniqueness and abilities to live their lives, young people usually
47、 live in a more active and flexible way than their parents (Concluding sentence).,Writing practice,Directions: Write an essay of no less than 120 words on one of the following topics. One topic has an outline you can follow.,More topics (easy ones): Young people now and then High school vs. college,Essay writing,More topics (more challenging ones): Traditional Education vs. Online Education E-books vs. Printed Books,