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1、-译林小学英语1-6年级英语知识点大搜集大汇总-第 9 页译林小学英语1-6年级英语知识点大搜集大汇总1、现在进行时表示:正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now, listen, look等词连用结构:主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.如:It is raining now. 外面正在下雨It is six oclock now. 现在6点了My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.我父母正在客厅看报纸Look! The children are having a running race now.看!孩子们
2、正在赛跑问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后+not.2、一般现在时表示:经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year) on Sundays等词连用。结构:主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he, she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时,动词后加s或es.如:We have an English lesson every day.我们每天都要上英语课Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.男孩比女孩
3、跑的快吗?是的问句借助于do, does否定句借助于dont, doesnt,后面动词一定要还原。3、一般过去时表示:发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。结构:主语+be动词的过去式(was; were)或主语+动词的过去式。注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。如:My earphones were on the ground just now.我的耳机刚刚还在呢。Where were you
4、 last week? I was at a camp.你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didnt后面动词还原。4、一般将来时表示:将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;)today等词连用。结构:主语+be(am, is, are
5、) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。The children are going to have a sports meeting next week.孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not.5、情态动词can; c
6、ant; should; shouldnt; must; may后一定加动词原形。如:The girl cant swim, but he can skate.女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。6、祈使句肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以dont加动词原形开头。如:Open the box for me ,please. 请为我打开盒子。Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.刘涛,明天请早点起床!D
7、ont walk on the grass! 不要在草地上走!Helen! Dont climb the tree, please.海伦!不要爬树。7、go的用法去干嘛用go +动词ing 如: go swimming; go fishing;go skating; go camping; go running; go skiing; go rowing8、比较than 前用比较级;asas之间用原级。如:My mother is two years younger than my father.我妈比我爸年轻两岁。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben. 刘涛跳得和本一样远。
8、9、喜欢做某事用like+动词ing或like+ to + 动原。如:Su Yang likes growing flowers. 苏阳喜欢种花。The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。10、想要做某事用would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。例:Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum11、some用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用如:
9、Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?12、代词人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后如:Open them for me. Let us , join me等。宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加
10、名词,分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。13、介词介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式如:begood at running; do well in jumping;14、时间介词季节前,月份前用介词in 如:in summer;in March具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning在几点钟前用介词at如: at a quarter to four;只在上下午晚上用in 如:in the morning/ af
11、ternoon/ evening;但在夜间用at night。 另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.15、名词复数构成的方法有规则的有:(1)直接在名词后加s如orangeoranges; photophotos;(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es如:boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watchwatches; peach-peaches(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如:studystudies;librarylibraries; hobbyhobbies; familyfamilies;(4)以f, fe结尾的改
12、f, fe 为ves如:knifeknives; thiefthieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mangomangoes其余加s,)不规则的有:manmen; womanwomen; peoplepeople; childchildren16、动词第三人称单数的构成(1)直接在动词后加s如:runruns; dancedances(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es如:dodoes; gogoes; washwashes; catchcatches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如:studystudies; carrycarries;17、现在分词的构成
13、(1)直接在动词后加ing 如:singsinging; skiskiing;(2)双写词尾加ing如:swimswimming; jogjogging; runrunning;(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing如:rideriding; dancedancing; makemaking;18、规则动词过去式的构成(1)直接在动词后加ed如:cleancleaned; milkmilked; playplayed;(2)以e结尾的直接加d如:dancedanced; tastetasted;(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed如:studystudied; carrycarried;(
14、4)双写词尾加ed如:stopstopped; jogjogged;不规则的有:am, iswas; arewere; do, doesdid; have, hashad; gowent; meetmet; sitsat; seesaw; getgot; telltold; runran; comecame; stealstole; readread;19、形容词副词比较级的构成规则的有:(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er 如;smallsmaller; lowlower;(2)以e结尾的加r 如:latelater;(3)双写词尾加er 如:bigbigger; thinthinner; fa
15、tfatter;(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er如:heavyheavier; earlyearlier;不规则的有:good, wellbetter(最高级为best); many, much-more(最高级为most);far-farther;20、rain与snow的用法(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:动词原形rain, snow; 第三人称单数rains ,snows;现在分词raining; snowing过
16、去式rained; snowed;如:Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。If it is rainy tomorrow, Ill stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。21、比较级
17、注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。如:Myeyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer isnicer than Nancys. My brother is stronger than me.22、have, has表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数);Thereis/ are;There was/ were 表示某地存在有注意Therebe 句型的就近原则单数或不可数用there is /was;复数用there are/ were.23、本身就是复数的词眼镜glasses;耳机earpho
18、nes; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。如:My glasses were on the chair just now.但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.24、五个元音字母:Aa, Ee, Ii,Oo, Uu;25一个的用法a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。如:There is an s, a t, a u, a d ,an e, an n,and a t in the word stu
19、dent.25、时间表示法(1)直接读时钟和分钟如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;(2)用to与past表示在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点如:6:10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分如7:45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;26、基数词变序数词的方法基变序有规律,结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);八去t,九去e, ve要用f替
20、(即eighteighth; nineninth; five- fifth ;twelvetwelfth);ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twentytwentieth;fortyfortieth);几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为twenty-first)。另外强调序数词前一定要加the。27、日期的表示法用the+序数词+ of +月如:三月三日 the third of March; 12月25日 the 25th of December.28、both 表示两者都如:My parents are both teachers. all表示三者以上都如:The student
21、s are all very excited.29、节日的表示法有day的节日前用on. 没有day的节日前用at,如:at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New YearsDay.30、激动兴奋的excited表示激动的,兴奋地主语是人;exciting表示令人激动的,令人兴奋的主语是事情如:The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.赛跑非常令人激动,因此所有的学生都很激动。31、比较两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级如:Who
22、 runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢秋天。Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.你更喜欢哪个季节,夏天还是冬天?我更喜欢冬天。32、动词还原的用法前面用了do, does did, dont, doesnt, didnt后面动词要还原。如:Did she watch TV la
23、st night?Helen doesnt like taking photos.33、到了到达用get to 但注意到家,到这儿,到那儿不可以加to如:get home; get here; get there,另外go home; come here; go there也一样。34、长着和穿着长着什么用with 如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;穿着什么用in 如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女35、让某人做某事用let sb.后加动词原形 如:Lets water the flowers together.是该做的时候了用Its time for+名词或Its time to +动原。帮助某人做某事是help sb. with sth.如:帮我学英语是 help me with my English36、树上外来的东西在树上用in the tree如:the bird in the tree; 树上长的用on the tree如:the apples on the tree37、运动和乐器球类之前不加the; 乐器之前必须加the如:play the piano; play football