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1、-时间状语从句-第 19 页时间状语从句-用法时间状语从句1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。 When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everythin
2、g with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！ 注意：when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。 When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。 When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。 We were about to leave when he came
3、in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。 As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句
4、和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。 We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。 As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） 2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动
5、作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。如： It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时） 3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是
6、延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。如： I didnt go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。 4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语
7、动词用现在完成时。但在It is 时间since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。 I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？ It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 5.由as soon as
8、, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。 I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。 The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 注意
9、：hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。 He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out
10、 of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。 He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。 6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。如： By the
11、 time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。 Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。 Whenever that man says“To tell the tru
12、th”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。 You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。 8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久就多久”。 You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。 时间状语从句-时间状语 时间状语从句一般现在时 every , sometim
13、es, at , on Sunday, 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 一般将来时 next, tomorrow, in+时间, 现在完成时 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently 过去完成时 before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 过去进行时 this mornin
14、g, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 将来进行时 soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening 时间状语从句-从属连词 时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when（当时），while（在期间），as（当，一边一边），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（从以来），till/until（直到），
15、whenever（无论何时），as soon as（一就）等。如：When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 当我走进教室时，他正在看书。He read a newspaper as he went along. 他边走边看报纸。We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们必须趁热打铁。I will tell you after they leave. 于他们走后我再告诉你。I told him to come back whenever he wants to. 我告诉他什么时候想回来就回来。I wait
16、ed till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回来。Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时间一旦失去就再也得不到了注意：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。如：Ill telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她说她一到达那里就给我电话。Dont get off the
17、 bus until it has stopped. 等车停稳后才下车。时间状语从句-一词多义 时间状语从句一、对before从句的理解before的本意为“在之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就，趁着还没就，不知不觉就，才”等。如：I had not sat long before he came back. 我没坐多久他就回来了。He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我还来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。Ill
18、water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁着天还没黑把花浇好水。Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，后做先生。Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it. 时间过得飞快，她不知不觉就在那里度过了三个月I will die before I will betray my country. 我宁可死也不会背叛我的国家。二、对since从句的理解1. since从句的谓语动词是终止性动词照字面意思理解。如：Ive been
19、 feeling down since I lost my job. 自从失去工作后,我的情绪一直处于低潮。2. since从句谓语动词延续性动词，且为现在完成时时，仍然按字面意思理解。如：She has never come to see me since I have lived in the city. 自从我住到城里，她就一直不来看我。3. since从句谓语动词延续性动词，且为一般过去时时，按与字面意思相反的意思理解。如：I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自病愈以来取得了很大的进步。4. since前有ever，或从句谓语动词是
20、be且后接表示人成长过程中的某个阶段或年龄的名词、形容词时，仍然按字面意思理解。如：I have lived here ever since I was a child. 我从还是个孩子时就一直住在这儿。三、对till/until从句的理解1. 主句为肯定式，主句谓语动词必须为持续性动词，且该动词所表示的动作或状态一直延续到until/till从句所表示的时间为止，可译作“（直）到”。如：He waited until/till I returned. 他一直等到我回来。2. 主句为否定式（包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little等否定词的肯定
21、句），若主句谓语动词是非持续性动词，则该动词所表示的动作在until/till从句表示的时间开始发生。一般先译从句“直到”，后译主句，not 译成“才”，即“直到才”。如： His mother didnt leave until/till he was asleep. 直到他睡着了，他母亲才离开。Nobody can leave until/till the meeting is over. 直到散会才能离开。3. 主句为否定式，若主句谓语动词是持续性动词，则须根据上下文去理解until/till从句的含义，一般译为“直到才”或“没有到”。如：He didnt wait until/till
22、 I returned. 他没有等到我回来。She didnt sleep until/till I returned. 她直到我回来才睡着。时间状语从句-与强调句对比 时间状语从句强调句的句型是： It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分 第一句是对的，后面一句是错的。 It was seven oclock when we reached the station.（状语从句） =It was at seven oclock that we reached the station.(强调句，定语从句） 强调句和时间状语从句的区别是：时间状语从句可以去掉，不
23、影响句子的完整性。而强调句that/who引导的句子是不能去掉的，否则句子就不完整了，单独的“It was at seven oclock”是错误的。 时间状语从句和定语从句的区别其实跟上面说的是一样的，强调句型其实就是一种特殊的定语从句。本身最简单的表达法是：We reached the station at seven oclock.然后为了强调at seven oclock,就变成了强调句It was at seven oclock that we reached the staion，同时它也是定语从句：从句“that we reached the staion”修饰的是it=the
24、time. 时间状语从句-时态问题 时间状语从句时间状语从句常用的连词有：when，as，while，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as，once。 【例】 Before I could get in a word, he already gave orders. 我还来不及插话，他已经吩咐下去了。 After the students were all in the lab, the professor brought out three bottles. 在学生们全进入实验室后，教授拿出三个瓶子来。 学习时间状语从句应注意以下几点： （1）时间
25、状语从句中一般不使用将来时态，尽管主句使用将来时态，一般使用一般现在时态或现在完成时态。 【例】 Ill go on with the work when I come back tomorrow. 我明天回来，我将继续做这项工作。 Please tell him about it when you see him back. 你看到他回来，就告诉他这件事。 （2）till/until引导时间状语从句，主句的谓语动词如是延续动词，可使用否定或不用否定，如果是不延续动词，必须使用否定形式。 【例】 He didnt go to bed until it was 12 oclock last ni
26、ght. 他昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。 They worked until it was dark. 他们一直工作到天黑。 （3）as soon as, the moment, every time, each time, the minute, the instant, the day, the week, the year, the first time,next time, any time, the last time, all the time, from the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly等表示时间的词语，后面
27、也可以接时间状语从句，表示“一就”。 【例】 I recognized you the minute I saw you. 我一见到你，就认出了你。 By the time he was fourteen, he had built his own lab. 到他十四岁的时候，他已建起自己的实验室。 （4）主句使用过去进行时或过去完成时，或是was/were about to do Sth. ,后面从句使用when从句，而且谓语动词使用一般过去时，这时when不当“当时候”解，而当“突然”解。 【例】 They were working in the fields when it began
28、to rain. 他们在地里正干着活时，天突然下起雨来。 He was about to leave when the telephone rang. 他刚要走，突然电话铃响了。英语掌握高中英语语法：时间状语从句更新日期：2008-12-09来源：点击： 2454 一、when, while和as1When既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。当主句是将来时，从句的时态用现在时。（when在实际中用得最多）I told my children when Lincoln was your age he walked twelve mile
29、s to school everyday. But my son said, “Thats nothing. When he was your age, he was president.”我告诉我的孩子：当林肯你那么大岁数时他每天走12英里去学校，我儿子说，“那没什么，当他你那么大岁数时已经当总统了”。Theres a side to President Reagan that people dont know. When he was a young man, he read complete works of Shakespeare. Of course, when Reagan was
30、 young, Shakespeare hadnt written all that much.里根总统还有一面人们并不知道，年轻时他曾读过莎士比亚全集当然里根年轻时莎士比亚还没写那么多。注：讽刺里根读书少，岁数大。当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其标语又是一个名词，就可以以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。如：As a young man, he read complete works of Shakespeare.他年轻时读过莎士比亚全集。When the game is finished, the king and the pawn卒 go i
31、nto to the same box.游戏结束时，国王和士兵进入同一个盒子。注：人生就象一场游戏，游戏结束时，亿万富翁也好，平头百姓也好都进入一样大小的棺材（或骨灰盒）。Finish为短暂动作，从句动作先于主句动作。场景再现：在筹集善款的晚会上，可以这么调侃：How noisy an audience can be when you ask for quiet _ and how quiet it can be when you ask for money.（多么令人惊奇啊，）当你要求安静时听众乱烘烘的当你要钱时全场一片寂静。2While引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比
32、。如：Plumber（水暖工）: Im sorry I was late.Man: While we were waiting for you, I taught my wife how to swim.水暖工：很抱歉我来晚了。男人：我们等你的时候，我教我太太学游泳。3As引导一个持续动作，多用于主句和从句的动作同时发生。如：A man ate each night in the same restaurant and at the same table. One night, as he was leaving, he walked up a wall, across the ceiling
33、, down another wall, and out the door.“Thats odd,” his waiter said. “Usually he says good night.”一个人每天都在同一家饭馆同一张桌子上吃饭，一天晚上，当他离开时，他走上墙，穿过天花板，从另一面墙走下来，从门出去。服务员说“真奇怪，他通常说晚安”。注：服务员对那个男人的天马行空习以为常，但对于他不打招呼就走感觉奇怪。As I look back, there is only one thing I wish I could have saved for my old age - the years b
34、etween twenty and thirty.我回头看看只有一件东西是我希望为自己的老年保存起来的20岁到30岁的岁月。4When还可以用作并列连词，其意义为“在那时，在这时”，相当于and at this/that time。Heisenberg is out for a drive when hes stopped by a traffic cop. The cop says, Do you know how fast you were going? Heisenberg says, No, but I know where I am.HEISENBERG驾车外出被交警拦住。警察问，“
35、你知道你开得多快吗”？HEISENBURG说，“不知道，但我知道我在哪儿”。Frannie was kneeling down saying his prayers when her four-year-old brother sneaked（鬼鬼祟祟做事） up behind her and pulled her hair. “Pardon me, God,” said Frannie, “Ill be right back after I kick Herbie.”Frannie正跪着祈祷，她四岁的弟弟从后面偷偷摸摸靠近她，揪他的头发。她说，“原谅我，我踢了Herbie后马上回来”。5Wh
36、ile作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。如：While the chefs dishes tonight are rather bland(乏味的), his ideas are fresh and appealing.今晚厨师的菜相当寡味，但他的思想却清新诱人。注：我们去吃饭，谁会关心厨师的思想呢？Sir, I dont know how to tell this, but your imagination has just taken flight _ while your facts are still on standby.（备用）先生，我不知道怎样告诉这点，但你的想象力已经逃跑
37、，你的事实还在袖手旁观。注：讽刺某人胡编乱造，说话没有根据。A lie is half way around the world while the truth is just putting his boots on.真理刚穿上靴子，谎言已经在半路了。注：人们更爱传播八卦新闻。6如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as可以互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.What animal
38、eats with its tail?All animals do. No one takes off its tail while/when/as they are eating.什么动物用尾巴吃东西？（故意理解成：什么动物带着尾巴吃东西？）所有动物，没有动物吃东西时把尾巴拿下来。注：With: 用做；带着二、as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely.when.和once这些从属连接词引导的从句都表示从句的动
39、作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中一般时态代替将来时态。如：How beautifully everything is arranged by Nature; as soon as a child enters the world, it finds a mother ready to take care of it.大自然安排的每件事情都多么奇妙啊；孩子一来到这个世上，就发现有个母亲已经准备好了照料它。解释：学习这种从不同的角度看问题的幽默思维。As soon as Eve ate the apple of wisdom智慧, she reached for the fi
40、g(无花果) leaf; when a woman begins to think, her first thought is of a new dress.夏娃吃完智慧苹果后马上去找无花果的叶子；当女人开始思想时她首先想到的是新衣服。A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining and wants it back the minute it begins to rain.银行家在阳光照耀时借给你伞，开始下雨时又想要回来的人。解释：银行是用钱生钱，不是慈善机构。如果你是个很好的企业或者人很有资信，
41、他愿意把钱借给你，如果感觉到你快破产了，肯定会想法设法把钱要回来。Once a woman has given you her heart - you can never get rid of the rest of her body.一旦女人把心给了你你就再也摆脱不了她身体的其余部分了。注：抓住了心爱的女人的心是幸福的，抓住了你不喜欢的女人的心，算惹上麻烦了。No soonerthan, hardly/scarcely.whenI had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to
42、rain.No sooner had we arrived at the station that the train left.三、till, until, 和not.until1肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都是肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点为止”。如：Son: Remember, Dad, Thomas Edison got bad grades in school, too. Father: Stay in your room until you invented the light bulb.儿子：记住，爸爸，爱迪生上学时成绩也很差。父亲：呆在你房间里，直到
43、发明出灯泡。Whenever I feel like exercise, I lie down until the feeling passes.每当我想锻炼时，我就躺下直到这种感觉消失。注：这个人是真不想锻炼。I was an atheist无神论者 until I realized I was GOD.在我认识到我是上帝以前我是一个无神论者。注：这种话应该是象尼采一类的狂人说的。2否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：I am convinced that both my long age and exceptional health a
44、re to be explained by an obvious facts: I never touched a cigarette, a drink, or a girl until I was almost ten years old.我深深相信我的长寿和我格外健康可以由一个显而易见的事实来解释：我从来没有接触过一根烟、一口酒、一个女孩子，在我差不多10岁以前。（我直到差不多10岁才接触烟、酒、女孩子。）Horse owner: This horse is eight-years- old and hes never raced before.Jockey: How come?Horse
45、 Owner: Well, we couldnt catch him until he was seven.马主：这匹马8岁了，他以前从来没有参加过比赛。职业骑师：怎么会呢？马主：直到他7岁我们才抓住它。3Till不可以置于句首，而until可以。Until the horse was seven we couldnt catch him.4Notuntil句型中的强调和倒装。It was not until he was seven that we could catch him .（强调句型）Not until he was seven could we catch him.（not un
46、til置于句首，主句要倒装）四、before和since1若表达“还未就.；不到就.；才.；趁；还没来得及”时，需用连词before。（都可以理解成是“在.之前”）I have to exercise early in the morning before my brain figures out what Im doing. 每天一大早儿趁我的大脑还不知道我在做什么之前我必须锻炼。注：早上起床后晕晕忽忽就开始锻炼，等大脑清醒后，就不想锻炼了。If people waited to know one another before they married, the world wouldnt
47、be so over-populated.如果人们都要等相互了解对方后才结婚，世界人口就不会这么过剩了。2Before从句中谓语不用否定式。（同样也可理解成“在.之前”）Texan: Back home on my ranch（大农场） I can get in my car at dawn, drive all day,and itll be dark before I reach the end of my property.（财产）Vermonter: I had a car like that once.Texan：在我老家里的大农场里我一大早上车，开一整天，还没到达另一边前天就会黑下来。Vermonter：我也曾经有一辆那样的汽车。注：本来想吹自己农场大，对方却说自己的车破。3It will be + 段时间 + before.多久之后才.（在.之前）It will be years - not in my time - befo