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1、-英语中考短文填空解题技巧-第 6 页中考短文填空解题技巧I首字母填空题解题技巧字母填空题主要考察学生正确理解和书写英语单词。解答这种题需要平时扎实地打好基础，单词拼写要过关，善于分析句子结构，熟练各种词形首的变化，动词时态形式的变化，非谓语动词的运用等，另外，掌握必要的阅读技巧，也很重要。一 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意根据首字母填空的题型，实际上相当于完形填空，必须先快速通读全文，尽量理解文章的主要内容，再仔细揣摩需要填词的句子，只有完全理解全句的意思，才能准确填写单词。 二. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。1 利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义.2再根据空格在
2、句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。例如，单，复数、形容词，副词的级别、时态、语态、语气及非谓语动词的形式等，要特别注意时态的呼应及主谓一致。三.通读短文，检查答案。II、动词填空题解题技巧动词填空主要用来测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式、语态及主谓一致等知识的掌握情况。因此，掌握好动词的各种形式及其用法是做此类题的关键。我们可以从以下几方面着手： 一、确定正确的时态 1根据句中的时间状语来确定时态。例如，现在完成时的时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, si
3、nce+时间点；since+过去时态的句子, so far, by now, in/during the last/past few years etc 2注意时态呼应。 在主从复合句中，主句谓语与从句谓语动词的时态是相互照应的。 1）在宾语从句中，如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选用任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去的某种时态；如果从句表达的是一个客观事实不管主句是何种时态，从句仍用一般现在时。2）在状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，或是祈使句，或是含情态动词的句子，时间和条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。3根据上下文确定时态。 有时句子没有明显的时间状语，也不能用
4、时态呼应规则来对照，这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系，确定时态。如： 如： “Youve certainly touched my heart with your choices. And Im sure the Five Friendlies_(touch) the heart of the world.”句意是“你以你的选择已经震撼了我的心，我相信这五个福娃将会给世人带来震撼。”后句是笔者对美好事物的祝愿，所以应用一般将来时。 二、确定正确的语态 我们在考虑时态的同时，也要考虑语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者时，用被动语态；反之用主动语态。如： “They _(choose)
5、 carefully by Beijing 2008 to represent.注意：不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词（如listen，sleep，take place, happen，get up，grow up，break out，come in等）没有被动语态。如Great changes have taken place in the last few years.The war broke out many years ago 但是，当“不及物动词介（副）词”构成的短语动词其作用相当于及物动词时，则有被动语态。 The children are looked after wel
6、l 三、确定非谓语动词的形式 如果所给的动词在句子中不作谓语，就应该考虑用动词的非谓语动词形式。 1 want，hope，wish，decide，would like，agree, learn, plan, choose, manage, offer to do2在enjoy，finish，mind，be busy，be worth，feel like，whathow about，cant help，practice，have funproblems ,miss, give up, suggest, look forward to, succeed in, pay attention to,
7、keep, be worth, allow -ing 3tell, ask, order, encourage, advise, teach, want, wish, allow sb to do4.remember, forget, stop, try, mean, love, like, need, go on, continue, be used to do/doing5.感官动词和使役动词 feel sb do/doinglisten to, hear sb do/doingmake, let, have sb do (have sth done)look at, watch, see
8、, notice sb do/doing 在被动语态中用to do 七、首字母填空：先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容和所给首字母，在空格内填入一个适当的词，使短文意思完整，所填单词在题后横线上必须完整写出。(本大题共6分，每小题0.5分)A survey has been published which shows that British people dont like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours h 1
9、 pay attention to others feelings. 25% dont talk to the people who live next door and 10% dont even know their n 2 . In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m 3 because they dont get along w 4 with their neighbours.According to the survey, the b 5 problem is noise. Many of the c 6 about
10、 noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which cant s 7 the noise from next door.The other main problems are disagreements about car parking space, and old people complaining about the y 8 . Some disagreements last a long time. In one case, people
11、w 9 live in the same building havent talked to each other for fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violence ( 暴力 ). In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbour because he kept p 10 in “his space”.Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never s 11 a meal. 80% have never had a drink together and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbours become each others friends, they are often r 12 to offer help, as we can see in many parts of the world.1. hardly 2. names 3. move 4. well 5. biggest 6. complaints 7. stop 8. young 9. who 10. parking 11. share 12. ready