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1、-非谓语动词讲解(超全)-第 10 页非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词 过去分词)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.动词不定式一动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是
2、非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1 一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.2 进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.3 完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.4 被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.5 完成被动式to have been done例如：The boy is said to have been
3、sent to hospital yesterday.二. 动词不定式的用法I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to do Its our duty _to_ help the poor.It is a great enjoyme
4、nt _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的 ）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolit
5、e of you to speak to the teacher like that.II.作宾语 接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等They wanted _to get
6、_( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished _to be_( be ) a professor.(2)it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with himSubject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth. 1.Wethought_it_better_to_startearly. 2.Doyouconsider_it_betternot_t
7、o_go?3.Ifeel_it_myduty_to_changeallthat. 4.We think it _ important _ to _ obey the law.5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in a day.(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover, He taught us how to use the tool. No one
8、could tell me where to get the book.I havent decided whether to go or stay. 下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on do
9、ing 继续做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means _A_ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waitingBoys, dont forget _D_ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and sto
10、pped _C_ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. restRemember _A_ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(4)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不带to的不定式I have no choice but _to wait_.（wait）“前有do,后无to”I cant do anything but _go_ (
11、go )out with her.III.作宾语补足语1. Illgetsomeone_to_repairtherecorderforyou. 2. Whatcausedhim_to_changehismind? advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish, want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do注意：（1）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听）
12、，have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. He is often
13、heard _to sing_(sing) the song. Though he often made his deskmate _cry_(cry), today he was made _to cry_(cry) by his deskmate.IV作定语I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today?2) 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there.3) 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is always
14、 the last to leave the room.4) 不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词 1.The house is not big enough for us all_A_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _A_?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I hav
15、e something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on （写上）4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with （写） 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there. 对比To learn English wel
16、l, he needs a good dictionary.To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.To get there in time, he told me to get up early.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry. 动名词一. 动名词的基本构
17、成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneNo one likes being laughed at.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.二.动名词的功用 Smoking does great harm to peoples health.（作主语） My job is looking after children.（作表语） I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语） We have got a swimmi
18、ng pool in our school.（做定语）It is no use crying. It is no good objecting常见的动词有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.短语: be/get used to ,cant help/stop, cant stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get dow
19、n to,have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put offe.g.She sat there without _speaking_ (speak) I look forward to_seeing_ (see) him again.Are you used to _live_ (live) there alone? When my father heard the news, he couldnt help _laughing_ (laugh).I dont feel like _going_ (go) to see the film. He
20、was busy _preparing_ (prepare) his lessons主动表被动: The room wants _cleaning_ (clean). The method needs _improving_ (improve). This pair of shoes require _mending_ (mend). The problem needs_working out_ (work out). The question is well worth _discussing_ (discuss)d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“
21、习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. What would you like to eat tonight?动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例如： Nixons visiting China marked a new year between U.S. a
22、nd China diplomatic relations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.b. 在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.分词（一）分词的作用 现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。1作定语Do you know the boy stan
23、ding at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？2作表语We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作宾语补足语I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground covered with snow.4作状语While lying in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks mo
24、ve beautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.(When they h
25、eard the bad news)3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. (and they were singing la
26、ughing)To serve the people well, I study hard. (In order to serve the people well)（二）分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如：Having finished his homework, he went to b
27、ed.（三）现在分词的被动式被动一般式 being done 被动完成式 having been doneThis is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city. Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.（四）分词的否定形式分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.Not knowing how to work out the maths proble
28、m, I went to the teacher for help.（五）分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.Given more time, we could do it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their jo
29、urney.She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.由There being +主语 这种结构多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。with + 复合宾语结构（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 Dont speak with your mouth full.（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词 The square looks
30、 more beautiful than ever with the lights on.（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 He was asleep with his head on his arms.（4）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.（5）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 With five minutes to
31、 go before the last train left, we arrived here.（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en分词 With his matter settled, we left the room.【2012全国卷II】 Tony lent me the money, _ that Id do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped【答案】A【2012全国卷II】 The old man sat in front of the television every evening, ha
32、ppy_ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched【答案】A【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 【答案】B【2012安徽】30. When for his views about his teaching j
33、ob, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked【答案】B【2012重庆】23. _to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【答案】A【2012重庆】28. Were having a meeting in half an hour
34、. The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be made B. being madeC. made D. having been made【答案】A【2012全国】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit【答案】A【2012全国】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially
35、when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to【答案】D【2012北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting【答案】D【2012北京】27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. U
36、sing C. Used D. To use【答案】C【2012北京】31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock【答案】A【2012福建】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea. A. attacking B. havi
37、ng attacking C. being attacked D. having been attacked【答案】C【2012福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized【答案】A【2012陕西】15. _ in a long queue, we waited for the sto
38、re to open to buy a New iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand【答案】A【2012陕西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet【答案】D【2012山东】26. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.A. to be tol
39、d B. telling C. being told D. told 【答案】A【2012山东】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _.A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 【答案】B【2012湖南】21. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success.A. being done B.
40、 do C. to be done D. to do 【答案】C【2012湖南】23. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use【答案】B【2012湖南】31. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being starting C. to start D. to be started【答案】A【2012天
41、津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched.A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left【答案】C【2012江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students.A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken【答案】C【2012江西】35. John has
42、 really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered【答案】B【2012辽宁】25. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog _.A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows【答案】B【2012辽宁】29. This machine is ver
43、y easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate【答案】D【2012四川】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found【答案】B【2012四川】8. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound【答案】C【2012四川】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get you