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1、-英语专四词汇常考词根词缀-第 5 页英语专四词汇常考词缀：后缀（改词性保词义）名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis做某件事情或职业的人或或物: worker, debtor , actress, democrat2)-acy表示“性质,状态,境遇” democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)ance、-ence表示”性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” Importance，diligence, difference. obedience4)-ancy , -ency表示“性质,状态,行为,过过程” frequency, urgency，efficienc
2、y5)-bility表示“动作,性质,状态” possibility, flexibility, feasibility6)-dom表示“等级,领域,状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood表示“资格,身份,年纪,状态” childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion,-sion,-tion,- ation,- Ition表示“行为的过程,结果,状况” action，solution, conclusion, destruction expression. correction9)-ism表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为” sociali
3、sm, criticism，colloquialism, heroism10)-ity表示“性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果” treatment, movement，judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness表示示“性质,状态,程程度” goodness, kindness. tiredness，friendliness13)-ship表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship，membership, friendship14)-th
4、表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude表示“性质,状态,程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure表示“行为,结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)17)-grapy表示“学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic,ics表示 “学，法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology表示“学,论” biology, zoology,
5、 technology(工艺学)20)-nomy表示“学术” astronomy，economy，bionomy(生态学)21) -age 状态、行为、集合 shortage, baggage; 22) -al动作、人、事物refusal, professional形容词后缀1)-able, -ible: visible, flexible2)名词-ish: foolish, bookish. selfish3)-Ive: active, sensitive, productive4)-like: manlike, childlike5)名词-y: manly, fatherly, schol
6、arly, motherly6)-some: troublesome, handsome7)-ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous: dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent: violent10)-most: foremost, topmost11)-less,表示否定: countless. stainless, wireless12)-ary, -ory与相关的imaginary, obligatory; 13)-ed有的wooded, pleased; 14)-en有质的
7、，似的wooden, golden; 15)-free免于的carefree, duty-free; 动词后缀1)-ize, ise,表示“做成,变成,化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en,表示“使成为,引起,使有”quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy,表示“使化,使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish,表示“使,令”finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate,表示“成为,处理,作用
8、”separate, operate, indicate副词后缀1)(形容词)-ly：bad badly恶劣地,careful carefully小心地2)-wise(OE)：clock clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)like- likewise同样地3)- wards：out outwards向外地north northwards向北方地常用前缀 （改词义也可能改变词性） 1. anti-反、抗、对立antisocial, antibody; 2. auto-自己/动的autobiography, autonomous; 3. be-使得、视作become, beli
9、ttle; 4. bi-两，双面bilingual, bimonthly; 5. centi-百century, centigrade; 6. co-共同，联合coordinate, cooperate; 7. con-,col-,com-,cor-与、和、共、全colleague, combination, conform, coordinate; 8. contra-相反、针对contradiction,contrary; 9. counter-反、逆对、等counteract, counterpart 10. de-取消、脱离、向下decline, departure; 11. dis-
10、否定、除去discriminate, disorder; 12. en(m)-使成为、使进入enable, enclose;13. ex-向外、出自、超出、离开exceed, exclude 14. extra-越出、超过extraordinary, extreme; 15. fore-前面、预先forehead, forecast; 16. in(m)-,il-,ir-不，无，非illegal, important; 17. in-在里，内部inclusive, indoor; 18. inter-互相、在中间interaction, intervene; 19. intra(o)-内部、向
11、内introduce, introvert 20. macro-大的、宏观的macroeconomics; 21. mal-坏、恶、不良maltreat, malnutrition 22. micro-微小的、微量的microphone, microwave; 23. mid-中部、当中midland, midwife; 24. mini-极小的、极短的minibus, minimum; 25. mis-错、不当、相反misery, mismatch 26. mono-一、单一的monotonous, monopoly; 27. multi-多倍的multiple, multitude; 28
12、. non-非、无、不nonsense, non-stop; 29. out-超出、在外outstanding, outlive; 30. over-在上面、越过overwhelming, overtake; 31. poly-多，众polysyllable, polytechnic; 32. post-后postgraduate, postpone; 33. pre-预先、前precedence, predominant; 34. psudo-伪、假、拟pseudonym, pseudoscience; 35. re-又、再、往后replace, replenish; 36. semi-半、
13、部分的semiconductor, semi sphere; 37. sub-下一级、次要subordinate, substitute 38. super-上方的、超过的superfluous, supervisor; 39. tele-远的、远距离telephone, telescope 40. therm(o)-热、热电的thermos, thermometer; 41. trans-横越、通过transplant, transmit; 42. tri-三、三次tricycle, triangle, triple; 43. ultra-在之外、极端、过分ultraviolet, ultr
14、asonic; 44. un-不、非、相反unknown, unsay; 45. uni-单、一uniform, unity, universal; 46. vice-代替、代理、付 vice-president, vice-principal.常用词干1. ag, act做 agent, active; 2. aster, astro星 disaster, astronomy; 3. audi听 audience, audio-visual(AV) ; 4. bio生命 biochemist, antibiotic; 5. cap,cept,ceive拿、取 capture, receive
15、; 6. cede,ceed,cess行、移动procedure, successive; 7. cide, cis切，杀 suicide, decision; 8. clued, clus闭合 include, exclusion; 9. cred相信 creditor, incredible; 10. cur, curr跑 occur, currency; 11. cycle圆、环 bicycle, recycle; 12. dict, dic说 dictionary, indication; 13. duct, duc引导 educate, conduct, prouuce; 14. f
16、ac,fic,fect,fact做、制affect,fiction,infect; 15. fer运送、带 transfer, conference; 16. flect, flex弯、曲 reflect, flexible; 17. flu流fluid, influence, fluent; 18. gen起源、种类、人种intelligence, generation; 19. geo地球、土地geography,geometry;20. grad, gress走gradual, aggressive; 21. gram写、记录grammar, telegram; 22. graph写、记
17、录; photo光 photograph; 23. ject 投、掷、抛reject, project, injection; 24. lect, leg挑选、采集、读elect, collect, legend; 25. mani,manu手manual, manipulate; 26. med中间immediately, medium; 27. miss,mit送、派、放开transmit, permit; 28. mob, mot, mov 移动automobile, promote 29. pel推、逐expel, propeller; 30. pend悬挂indispensable,
18、 suspend; 31. phon声microphone, phoney; 32. pon, pos放置postpone, compose; 33. port搬运、带transport, portable; 34. rup 裂、破坏interrupt, rupture; 35. scribe写describe, prescribe; 36. spec, spect,spic看perspective, respective; 37. tend,tens,tent伸张、倾向extend, intense38. tract拖、拉、吸引tractor, attract, distraction; 39. vid, vis看见evident, invisible; 40. volv转、滚动revolve, revolution;