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1、-语法填空解题技巧思维导图-第 3 页语法填空解题技巧近年高考考点总结：语法填空分“无提示词”和“有提示词”两种题型。1. 无提示词题， 即没有提示词的纯空格题 一般是6个或7个小题，近年来，只考查了代词、冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等四类词；2. 有提示词题， 即用括号中所给词的正确形式填空， 一般是4个或3个小题，至今只考查了谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。 解题思维导图根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表：1. 词性转换 形容词、副词、动词2. 名词所有格名词1. 词性转换形容词2. 比较级或最高级, 加前缀变成其反义词语法填空解
2、题思路 副词同形容词有提示词时态，注意常考时态作谓语 语态，即被动语态 语气，即虚拟语气动词 1. 词性转换 1. to do 表:将来/目的不作谓语 2. V-ing 表:主动/进行 3. V-ed 表:被动/完成 名词之前,尤其是泛指”一”,或特指某个人或事物;泛指用a/an,特指用the 冠词当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意 搭配 常为介词考查主要内容依据。介词空格前后都是句子（一个主谓就为一个句子）；前后都是并列单词或短语1. 单词/短语+并列连词+单词/短语；2. 一个句子+并连/从连+一个句子3. 从属连词+一个句子，一个句子（主句）；连词无提示词无
3、提示词人称代词、不定代词、反身代词 物主代词：形容词性物主代词后必须加名词; 名词性物主代词作主语，宾语，本身就是名词，后不需再加名词。 代词 指代上文事物形式主语形式宾语强调句型 It的用法 有提示题的解题技巧 是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题，五年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。方法探究11.(2011)He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 2.(2010)After a four-day journey, the young
4、man _ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink. 3. (2009).people stepped on your feet or _(push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 4.(2009)“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane _(inform).5.(2008) Being too anxious to help an e
5、vent develop often _(result) in the contrary to our intention.6.(2007)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _(break) down near a remote village. 归纳总结：当句子缺少谓语动词时, 括号中的动词就是_动词。此时, 要根据语境确定用哪种时态, 根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用 _语态。方法探究21.(2011)I noticed a man _(sit) at t
6、he front.2.(2009)She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.3. (2008)For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.4. (2009) _(bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chai
7、ned our dog. 归纳总结： 当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是_。 此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用_ (一般)或不定式形式(具体)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用_；作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词;有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/hear/ notice sb. do/doing sth. ,spend.doing sth.等方法探究31.(2011)I left it early because I had an appointment _(late) that day.
8、2.(2010)The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _(sweet).3.(2008).he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” _(high).4.(2010惠州三模)Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometim
9、es _ (possible), to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we pay great attention to the formation of habits.归纳总结：当括号中所给词是形容词或副词,且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的_(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。 注意：要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than.的隐性比较级(如上述13题)。方法探究41.(2011)He must be
10、_ (mental) disabled.2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.3.(2009)But Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 4.(2008)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(na
11、ture) course. 5.(2007)We drank together and talked _(merry) till far into the night. 6. He failed his maths examination because of his _(care) work.7.In Alaska, the wolf almost _ (appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.归纳总结：当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转化。我们可据以下3条顺利解题：(1)作主语或宾语用_形式；(2)作定语、表语或补足语用_形式;(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,作状语,用_形式。注意：(1)有时不但要注意词性转换, 而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀, 其逻辑意义才通顺(如上述第6题)；(2)当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时, 无需改变词性, 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了(如上述第7题)。