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1、精品_精品资料_高中英语完形填空解题技巧与指导总结一 阅读技能与试题设计20XX 年颁布的一般高中英语课程标准（试验）明确提出“高中阶段要着重提高同学用英语猎取信息和处理信息,分析问题和解决问题的才能 ”,这就要求同学要不断的提高相应的阅读技能.新课标规定的阅读技能测试要点如下：1. 懂得主旨大意.2. 寻读详细信息.3. 懂得细节.4. 依据上下文供应语境估计生词词义,进而加深对文段的懂得.5. 简洁的判定和推理.6. 懂得文段的基本规律结构.7. 懂得作者的意图和态度.8. 懂得文段的文化信息.测试方式共有 11 种,而其中的完形填空也是历届高考必有的题型之一,所占分值比例较大,并且由于在
2、试卷中所处的位置较前,因此如何能在短时间内更好的完成这类试题对考生的影响较大：完形填空做得好,就考生对后面的试题就越有信心.二 NMET 2022 （浙江卷）完形填空NMET 2022 （浙江卷）完形填空所给的短文是以作者的父亲给他童年生活带来的爱与欢快而绽开的回忆与联想.试题原文如下：In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call21and love.I don t remember my
3、father ever getting into a swimming tool. But he did22the water. Any kind of 23ride seemed to give him pleasure.24he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along.But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being25the water, moving through it,26it all around me. I was not
4、 a strong27, or one who learned to swim early, for Ihad my28. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my father s office and29thosesummer days with my father, who30come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the31person not in swimsuit.可编
5、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_After swimming, I would go32his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me33anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk 34he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come inand tell me perhaps I
6、 shouldn t beplaying with his _35. But my father always36and said easily,“ Oh, no, it s37.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get38an ice creamA poet once said,“ We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is39.” And I think it is not only what we “ look at once, in childhood” that deter
7、mines our memories, but40, in that childhood, look at us.21 A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry22 A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love23 A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike24 A. But B. Then C. And D. Still25 A. on B. off C. by D. in26 A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting27 A. swimmer B. rider C. wal
8、ker D. runner28 A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears29 A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining30 A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to31 A. next B. only C. other D. last32 A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside33 A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out34 A. the moment B. the first t
9、ime C. while D. before35 A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment36 A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out37 A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny38 A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself39 A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎
10、下载精品_精品资料_40 A. which B. who C. what D. whose相对于科技类文章而言,这篇表达性的完形填空是比较简洁的,但由于考查的内容除对文章主旨的懂得外仍涉及到细节的判定和推理,这正是这类题型的难度所在之处.三 完形填空解题技巧现以 NMET 2022 （浙江卷）完形填空为例,笔者愿与大家一起探讨从中发觉的一些解题技巧.（一）前后呼应法做完形填空时,要始终抓住文章本身,联系“双语境 ”来判定,既大语境 全文中心和基调,小语境 空格前后句子所构成的语境.再依据前有伏笔后有呼应的思路来做题.如：第 21 题 B,依据后面作者所回忆的事情来判定, 他的父亲带给他的应是爱
11、与欢快,所以选 B:joy,而其他选项都没有给出相应的事情来呼应.第 22 题 D, 由这一段的最终一句 “he loved to fish;及”第三段的第一句 “But I never really liked being on thewater, the way my father did.可知父”亲喜爱水及一些水上活动. 因此第 23 题也就能很快找到正确答案是 A: boat .第30 题 B,由后面两句可得知父亲会在休息时过来看“我”,特殊后面提到 “My father would stand there in his suit,”同样这儿用 would 更合理.第 32 题 D,这
12、一段是讲作者在游泳后到他父亲的办公室里玩耍.与后面的“sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk”相呼应.第 33 题 C,与 35 题所在的句子 “- perhaps I shouldnt be playing with his _35 .”相呼应,因此 35 题的答案也能从 33 题“- where he let me 33 anything I found in his top desk drawer.”中推断出是 C.第 38 题 C,由文章大意可知道父亲应是非常爱 “我”的,所以有时仍会给 “我”钱买冰淇淋吃.这是与文章的大语境相
13、呼应的.第 39 题 A,作者认为不仅是我们童年所看到的事物打算了我们的记忆,而且仍包括那时关爱我们的人.所以诗人所说的“the rest 就”应当是 memory与下一句的 “determines our memories” 相呼应.（二） But 转折法在完形填空题中, but一词前后通常会设题.文中一显现but ,应当立刻想到前后语意有转折,只要知道其中一方的语意,就可以推出另一方的意思,所以在做题时,遇到类似but 的词,如： however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等, 也可以同样处理,以便于从文中找到解题的依据.仍然以NMET 2022 （浙江卷）完形
14、填空为例：第 25 题 D,由这一段的第一句 “But I never really liked being on the water, he way my father did”及.后面的“ moving through it,可知”“ I liked being in the water.”第 37 题 A, 当父亲的同学或助手认为 “我”不应当玩他办公室里的东西时, 父亲却总是轻松的表示没有关系. 所以第 37题答案很明显是 A : fine .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_以下就笔者在 20XX 年第一学期从事高一英语教学实践过程中遇到的完形填空为例,发觉的其他一些解
15、题技巧.（三）肯定冲突法肯定冲突法是从选项着手分析,如四个选项中有两个选项是肯定冲突和对立,那么正确选项大多在这两个对立项之间产生.二者必居其一 . 至于到底是两者中的哪一个,就需要进一步依据上下文的语境来判定.例如在浙江省湖州中学教学讲义高一英语模块一、二（2022 ,9 ）第 120 页,完形填空其次段：Most computers have a memory储备器 . They can work millions of times3than man. That means information can be put in4and be taken out any time when n
16、eeded.第 3 题的选项分别是 A.slow B. slower C. fast D. faster据观看应选用比较级, 所以先排除 A 和 C,在依据后面的一句及我们的常识可知,电脑的工作效率要比人快, 所以在 B, D 这两个对立项中,自然就可以很轻松的把正确答案D 选出来了.又如第 90 页的完形填空：The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage in 1987. Just 1a dragon, it winds its way from eas
17、t to west of China. With a history of more than 2022 years. Some sections are now in ruins or even entirely2.第 2 题的选项分别是 A.appeared B. missed C. went D. disappeared明显 A 和 D 是对立项,依据题意可知长城的一些部分已经破败不堪,甚至完全消逝,故答案就是D. disappeared.高中学习丛书英语高一（ Book1,2 ）第 101 页的完形填空中有一部分是这样的：Jazz is America s contribution t
18、o5music. Compared to classical music, which6formal European traditions, jazz is a free form.第 5 题的选项分别是 A.classical B. scared C. popular D. light其中 A 与 C 相对立,通过后一句 “Compared to classical music,”可知正确选项为 C.（四）同义复现法同义复现是英语中常见的一种现象.为强调某一意思,但又不想重复使用某个词或短语.在完形填空题中,同义词或同义短语的位置多半比较靠近,很简洁找到,所以同义复现法是很好的解题技巧.无
19、须过多的推理,只需确定是哪里使用了同义复现,然后从选项中找出与之相符合的一项即可.如 2022 学年第一学期期末考试样卷（湖州市）高一英语完形填空的第三段：That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his45of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote his dream in great detail and46drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch47the locaion of everthing important there.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精
20、品_精品资料_第 45 题的选项分别是 A. mind B. chance C. goal D. design正确答案 C：goal 与下一句中的 dream同义,并且结合上下文得出他写了37 页纸来描述他自己的目标,也就是他的理想.高中学习丛书英语高一（ Book1,2 ）第 82 页的完形填空最终一段：I was worried and I sank in my thoughts. I didn t even19that the coffee was bad,20Steven didn t notice there was a person next to him.第 19 题的选项分别为
21、 A. pretend B. understand C. insist D. realize第 20 题的选项分别为 A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_第 20 题的正确选项为 B. just as.由此可知第 19 题的正确选项应与由 “just as义,应选 D. realize.四 解题指导引”导的从句中的谓语动词 “notice ”同可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_无论是哪种形式的阅读技能检测,只有在平常的课堂教学中扎实同学的语言基础,才使同学稳步提高用英语猎取
22、信息, 处理信息,发觉问题和解决问题的才能.无法想象一位词汇贫乏,语法不通,句子结构不清的同学能在完形填空题中得高分.所以作为老师的我们有义务从小处着手,从细节做起,逐步的培育同学的解题才能.详细可以从以下几点做起：（一） 词汇分类可以单元或模块为单位,把其中的近义词,反义词等归类,这样就能使同学在遇到有同义反复或肯定冲突题型时,更快的找到正确的答案. 如在 Book 1 里就有这样一些近义词或词组： opinion, view; destroy, damage; as if, asthough; be concerned about, care about; right away, at o
23、nce等.反义词或词组有： generous, mean; selfish, selfless; equal, unfair; be fond of, be tired of; think highly of, think little of等.（二） 句子连接留意句子和句子之间的连接,可应用不同的连接词连接相同的两个句子,观看其产生的意义有何不同.在平常的阅读中也可以指导同学善于发觉句子和句子或段落和段落之间的连接词,并适时对连接词进行总结和归类.例如：表示并列的有： and, too, whats more, in addition, as well as等.表示因果的有： beacaus
24、e, since, so that, therefore, as a result等.表示转折或对比的有： while, however, on one handon the other hand等.表示总结的有： all in all, in a word, in conclusion等.明白了句子与句子之间的关系,同学就能更快的懂得文章的主旨,也能从细节中更有把握的推断出一些有用的信息.（三） 讲究策略可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_做完形填空的速度不能太慢,一般要在8 分钟内完成,否就有可能会造成后面的试题来不及做.那些平常习惯于逐个单词阅读的同学,简洁造成思维中断,不能快速把握文章的主旨,因此老师要帮忙其订正这种不良的阅读方法和习惯.良 好的阅读习惯不仅要求同学快速把握文章大意,也要求其在阅读过程中留意细节,特殊要正确把握反映作者观点和态度 的细节.老师可以通过引导同学对反映细节的文字加以懂得与概括,培育同学分析、概括、演绎和归纳的才能,从而达到既不忽视文章细节, 又能正确把握文章中心思想的才能.有了良好的阅读技能, 同学不仅能在做完形填空时游刃有余, 而且仍能从整体上提高英语考试的成果.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载