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1、名 词,名词单复数,名 词Noun（n.）,我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词。概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫名词。 如： Tom,China,boy,door,pencil,peace,考点直击,可数名词和不可数名词的用法；,可数名词单数变复数的规则；,4,1,2,Whats this in English?,Its an apple.,What are these?,They are two apples.,-What are these?,-Whats this?,-Its a pen.,-They are pen
2、s.,-What are those?,-Whats that?,-Its an English book.,-They are English books.,backpacks,watches,oranges,pens,-Whatre these ? -Theyre .,maps,cases,keys,-Whatre those ? -Theyre .,可数名词,单数,如何变化？,复数,名词的数,单数,复数,变化规则：,1)一般情况在词尾加-s 2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es 3)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为 “i”再加-es 4) 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v 再加-es
3、。 5)以o结尾的通常有生命加-es， 无生命加-s 6)以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的词,加es 7)不规则变化,a/an+可数名词单数,a/an的用法：,辅音音素前要用a； 元音音素前要用an； 代词放在名词前； a/an都不见。,1.可数名词有单数和复数；2.不可数名词,请背诵名词变复数的规则,构成方法及规则,一般情况下加-S，如：,map-maps girl-girls pen-pens bag-bags car-cars,以s, x, sh, ch等结尾加-es，如：,bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes,以辅音字母加y结尾
4、,去y变i加es，如：,factory-factories candy-candies city-cities family-families,以f或fe结尾，一般先将f或fe变为v,再加es, 如：,knife-knives life-lives wife-wives,a，e，i，o，u是元音字母,watch _ tomato_ diary_ day_ foot_tooth_ book_ dress_ potato_ box_ peach_sandwich _,watches,tomatoes,diaries,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,potatoes,bo
5、xes,peaches,sandwiches,以o结尾，有生命的加es，无生命的加s 如：tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes,radio，zoo ，piano和photo，直接加s,不规则变化：,child-children woman-women man-men foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse(鼠标)-mouses mouse(老鼠)-mice,集合名词people，police等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式（are）; Chinese, Japanese，sheep等词是单复同
6、形。,一、写出下列名词的复数形式 car city monkey zoo potato,leaf child foot Chinese bus,课堂练习,cars,cities,monkeys,zoos,potatoes,leaves,children,feet,Chinese,buses,表示国籍名词单复数变化规律,ChineseChinese中国人 JapaneseJapanese日本人 FrenchmanFrenchmen 法国人 EnglishmanEnglishmen 英国人 GermanGermans 德国人 AmericanAmericans 美国人 Egyptian Egypt
7、ians 埃及人 RussianRussians 俄国人 ItalianItalians 意大利人,中日不变，英法变，其他s加后变,注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词, 虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有the United States(美国），the United Nations （联合国）等应视为单数。,8. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-year-old child但是 a ten years old child,有些名词即可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意思却大不相同。如：glass 作可数名词，意思是“玻璃
8、杯”，作为不可数名词，意思是“玻璃”；room 作可数名词，意思是“房间”，作不可数名词，意思是“空间”。,There are two _ (knife) and four _ (box) on the table. 2.How many family _ (photo) do you have at home? 3.What are your parents _ (job)? 4.Some people _ (like) to stay at home. 5.There are many _ (mouse) in his house! He needs a cat! 6.Maths _ (b
9、e) my favorite subject.,knives,boxes,photos,jobs,like,mice,is,写出下列名词的复数形式 1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、 piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep,oranges,classes,texts,monkeys,children,shelve
10、s,beds,countries,families,toys,Japanese,radios,photos,tomatoes,foxes,pianos,feet,women,knives,sheep,armies,可数名词与不可数名词,不可数名词没有复数形式。如：some meat , some bread , 不可说 some meats , some breads ；,不可数名词不能用定冠词 a , an 及数词修饰，但可用 some , any , much （许多），a lot of /lots of（许多），a little（一点）等直接修饰。如：我们不可以说a tea , two
11、milk , 但可以说 some tea , much meat,一些（后接可数或不可数名词） some 一些（一般用在否定或疑问句中） any 许多（后接可数名词） many 许多（后接不可数名词） much 许多（后接可数或不可数名词） a lot of = lots of,那么怎么来形容不可数名词的“量”呢？不可数名词前通常用量词来表示具体的数。如：a glass of water , two cups of tea , five pieces of bread 。需要注意的是：类似短语中的介词 of 不能省去，当数词大于“一”时，量词需要用复数形式。,不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数
12、。例如： These is some water in the bottle . 瓶里有些水。 Is there any rice in the bag ? 袋子里有米吗？,若不可数名词前有复数数量词修饰时，谓语动词用复数. There are three bottles of orange juice on the table . 桌上有三瓶桔汁。 试比较：There is some orange on the table.,1.How much are the _ ? A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes 2.There are _ and _
13、 on the table. A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges,课堂练习2,辨析： How much/ How many how much常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式 How much is / are? How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？ How m
14、uch are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？ how much后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多 少“，how many后加可数名词的复数形式。 How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？ How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少人？,( ) 1. Please give me _ paper.A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. gl
15、asses D. glass ( ) 3.Bill runs fast. He won the _ 800-metre race yesterday. Aboys Bboys Cboy Dboys . ( ) 4. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 5. In the picture there are many_ and two_.A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheep; foxes D.
16、 sheep;foxs,课时训练,D,D,B,A,C,选择填空：,NOUN.,根据所给单词的正确形式填空： 1. Different people may have different _. (idea) 2. I often go to work on . (foot) 3. I know one of the . (boy) 4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass) 5. Please give them their . (photo) 6. Are there any in the box? (watch) 7. There are twel
17、ve in a year. (month),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,NOUN.,CHU SAN YING YU ZONG FU XI,复习,名词的数,名词的所有格,名词的变化,可数名词,不可数名词,NOUN.,普通名词,专有名词,专有名词 表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称 Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall 专有名词的第一个字母要大写 （实词）,1）个体名词：具体可见的，可以数出数量的个体，如：book。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如
18、：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air，water，sky。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如： work，happiness。,二. 名词种类与名词的数,1）所有的专有名词都是不可数名词。 2）个体名词通常都是可数的。 3）集体名词和成双成对的名词永远用作复数。 people, police, trousers, glasses 4）物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。,2）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数,词，但词义有所不同。,sand 沙 sands 沙滩,wood 木头 woods 森林,fish 鱼肉 fish 鱼,orange 橙汁
19、an orange桔子,chicken 鸡肉 a chicken小鸡,room 空间、余地a room房间,名词所有格用法,1、表示“的”通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Childrens day，fathers shoes； 但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 就OK了。 workers rivers,2、如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示“分别有”。如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）； 两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示共有。如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。,3、还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，
20、 如：a map of China，the end of this term,看例题识所有格,1. Beijing is the capital of China. Beijing is Chinas capital.,2. This is Mary and her sisters room. Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse.,的,NOUN.,3. These are Toms and Lilys bags.,4. She is the two boys mother.,5. the door of the room the leaves of the tree
21、,6. the girls name=the name of the girl,7. He is a friend of my brothers.,1.Meimeis handwriting（字） is better than any other _ in his class. A. student B. students C. students D. students 2.I found my black cat in_ room. A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike 3.There are some new books in the school library. They are _ books. A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens,课堂练习,