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1、精品_精品资料_高中英语必修 4 各单元学问点归纳Unit1 Women of achievement重要词汇拓展1 achievement n成.就,功绩 achieve v.达到,完成,实现2 welfare n 福利事业,福利3. project n.方案, 方案, 设计,工程 , 企业, 事业,科研项目 ; 课外自修项目vi.伸出, 突出 设想自已处身于 into4. specialist n.专家,专业工作者 special adj.特殊的,特的的 specialize vi.专攻, 特的从事5. connectionn.连接,关系 connect v.连接6. conditionn
2、. 状况(不行数),条件(可数),环境(复数)on no condition 决不in condition 健康,可使用状况7. organizationn.组织,机构,团体 organizevt.组织;筹备, 成立; 使加入工会, 使有条理可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8. behave v举.9. shade n阴.止,表现 behavior n.行为,举止凉处 v.遮住光线可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_10. worthwhile adj. 值得的,值得做的It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.worth adj
3、.值,值得be worth doingworthy adj.值得做的,可敬重的be worthy of sth/ being donebe worthy to be done11. observe v观. 察,观测,遵守 observation n.观看,观测12. respect v./n.敬重,敬重,敬意 respectableadj.值得敬重的,正派的,风光的respectful adj.有礼貌的,敬重的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_13. argue .v争.论,辩论 argument n争.论,辩论 argued-adj 引起争辩的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精
4、品_精品资料_14. entertainment-n 款待,消遣 entertain-v 款待.款待,消遣,抱有,怀着(想法、疑问)15. crowd n.人群,观众 v.挤满,使拥挤 crowded adj.拥挤的16. inspire v.激励,激发 inspired adj.受到激励的, 有灵感的 inspiring adj.激励人的 inspiration n.激励,灵感17 support v.支持,拥护 supporter n.支持者,拥护者18.refer-vi 谈到,查阅,参考19. intend v.方案,准备 intention n.准备,目的,意图20. consider
5、ate adj考. 虑周到的 consider v.考虑,认为consideration n考虑,体谅 considering prep考虑到21. kind adj 慈爱的,和善的,友爱的 kindness n 慈爱,好意,和善22.deliver v.递送,生(小孩),接生,发表(演讲等) delivery n. 投递,交货, 分娩23.modest adj 虚心的,谦让的,适度的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_重点短语梳理1 devoteto doing sth.把贡献给 devote oneself to致力于,献身于 be devoted to用心致志于2 human
6、 beings 人类3 move off 离开,启程,动身4 lead alife 过着的生活5 crowd in 涌上心头,涌入脑海6 look down on/ upon 藐视,瞧不起7 refer to 查阅,参考,谈到 其中, to 为介词 8 by chance 碰巧,凑巧9. come across 偶遇,碰见10. carry on 连续,坚持carry out 实行,执行,完成11. be dressed in穿着 dress as装扮成 12.fight for 为 .而战fight against 与战争13.put to death判死刑14. concern onese
7、lf with关注 留意15. intend to do sth./ doing sth.准备做某事16. in the shade of 在的树荫下,在的庇护下17.gain doctors degree 获得博士学位18. be considered as被看做 . 19.take turns to do sth 实行步骤做某事20.do research on 做方面的讨论21. mean to do准备做某事mean doing 意味着22. by now 直到现在重点句型再现1 She spent years observing and recording their daily a
8、ctivities.她花去多年的时间观看和记录它们的日常活动.(spend+时间/金钱+doing sth花时间或金钱去做某事)2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她的母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙.这才使她得以开头自己的方案.(only 位于句首并修饰状语,句子要发生部分倒装,将助动词或联系动词置于主语之前)3 Following Janes way of studing chimps, our group are all go
9、ing to visit them in the forest.我们一行人将依据 Jane讨论猩猩的方法去森林里拜望他们.(-ing 作方式状语.留意非谓语动词作状语时的区分:-ing 主动/进行/连续, -ed被动/ 过去, to do 主动/将来)4. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen carrer travelling abroad to study可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_as well as writing books and articles 看起来她忙于所选择的和写作一样的到国外讨论.(
10、It seemed that+从句:似乎是,看起来似乎是.as well as 仍有)5. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients后来使她胜利的是她对全部病人献出的爱心和爱护.(What made her succeed主语从句. 明白 what 引导的名词性从句的译法, 明白它们在句中的成分:作主语、宾语、表语、同位语)语法剖析(主谓一样)主谓一样,指人称和数方面的一样关系.分为 :语法一样 , 内容一样 , 就近一样. 一 语法一样原就
11、: 即主语为单数 ,谓语用单数 ,主语为复数 ,谓语也用复数.以下为留意事项 :1. 单数主语即使后面带有 with , along with, together with, like 象 , but 除了,except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather tha而n不是 , including, in addition to 引导的短语 , 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the din
12、ner.除了两个仆人外 , 没有一个人迟来用餐.2. 用 and 连接的并列主语 ,假如主语是同一个人 ,同一事 ,同一概念 , 谓语动词用单数, 否就用复数.如 :The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了 .一个人 A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具 . 两样物可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用 and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter黄 knife and fork刀叉等作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数.油抹面包 ,可编辑资料 - - - 欢
13、迎下载精品_精品资料_3. 不定式短语, 动名词 短语, 或从句作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数 . 如: Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福 .When we ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已打算了.4. 用连接的并列主语被 each, every 或 no 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数 .Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜爱去游泳 . No teacher and no stu
14、dent was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有同学开会缺席.Each man and each woman is asked to help.每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙.5. each of + 复数代词 , 谓语动词用单数 . 复数代词 +each, 谓语动词用单数 .如: Each of us has something to say.我们每个人都有话要说.6. 如主语中有 more than one 或 many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数 , 但它的谓语动词仍用单数. 但 more+复数名词 +than one做主语时 , 谓语动词仍用复
15、数 . 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball.很多男生都喜爱打篮球 .More than one student was late.不只一个同学迟到可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_More persons than one come to help us不.止一个人来帮忙我们.7. none 做主语时 ,谓语动词可用单数 , 也可用复数 ; 但在代表不行数的东西时总是看作单数 ,因而谓语动词要用单数 . 如:None of us are is perfect.人无完人.None of this worries me.这事一点不使我焦急.8
16、. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes,goods, glasses 等作主语时 , 谓语动词必需用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前如显现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数 .如: A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼镜.9. 形复意单名词如 :news ;以 ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如 : the New Times;书名如: Arabian Night ;
17、 以及 The United Nations 等作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数.10. “ a名+词+and a half“,“ one and a名h词alf”+ ,“ the number of +名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数 . 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.留意: one or two + 复数名词作主语 , 谓语动词用复数形式 , 如:One or two places have been visited.参观了一两个的点.二 内容一样原就 :1. 主语中有 all, half, most, the rest
18、 等, 以及”分数或百分数 +名词”做主语时 ,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词 .如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行车, 今日出售.60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.这个苹果的 60%都被这个小男孩吃了.Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的.Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了.2. 不定数量的词组 , 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one o
19、f , a number of , plenty of等作主语时 , 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到.A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了.3. 加减乘除用单数 .如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15 减去 5 等于 10.4. 表示时间 , 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时 , 尽管是复数形式 , 它们做为一个单一的概念时 , 其谓语动词用单数 .如:Ten mil
20、es is a good distance.十英里是一个相当的距离.5. 1 通常作复数的集体名词 . 包括 police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数 .如:The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不行数名词的集体名词. 包括 equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_family, en
21、emy, group, party, team, public 等.如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.委员会打算解雇他.6. the +形容词 /过去分词形式 ”表示一类人或事物 , 作主语时 , 谓语动词用复数 .如: The injured were saved after the fire.三 就近原就1. 由 here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中 , 有时主语不止一个时 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一样 .如:Here comes the bus公共汽车来了 .Here is a pen and some
22、pieces of paper for you.给你一支钢笔和几张纸.Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away.你不在这儿的时候 , 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆了?可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2. 用连词 or, either. or, neither.nor, not only语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一样.如:等连接.b的ut并a列lso主语 , 谓可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything a
23、bout it 同学和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔.留意: one of +复数名词 +who/that/which 引导的定语从句中 , 定语从句的动词为复数.如:Mary is one of those people who keep pets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一.The only one of +复数名词 + who/that./which 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数.Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets.玛丽是唯独一个饲养宠物的人.Unit
24、s 2 Working the land重要词汇拓展1 sunburn v.日晒,晒黑 sunburnt adj.晒黑的2 struggle v./n.挣扎,奋斗,努力struggle againststruggle forstruggle with3 decade n十. 年,十年期4 super n.冗员, 额外人员 ; 口 特级品, 特大号商品 ; 超级市场 adj 特级的, 极好的,特殊的5. hunger n.饥饿,期望 /v.使饥饿 hungry adj.饥饿的.期望的6.output n. 产量,输出, input 输入,消费7. disturbingadj 引起苦恼的,令人担心
25、的, disturb v. 打搅,麻烦8. expand vt.扩大, 扩展,张开, 使发, 详谈; 引伸9. circulate v.循环,流通 circulation n.循环,流传10. battle n.战争,战争 v.搏斗,奋斗11. therefore adv因. 此,所以12. rid vt 摆脱,除去13. freedomn 自由,自主freeadj 自由的,免费的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_14. equip v.配备,装备 equipment n.设备15. export v.输出,出口 n.输出(品) import v.输入,进口 n.进口(品) 16
26、.nationality n 国籍, nationaladj 国家的,民族的 nationn. 国家17.occupationn 工作,职业, 占据 occupyv.占用, 使从事,把留意力集中于 . 占据, 占据18.confuse v.使困惑,使犯难 confused adj.感到困惑的 confusing adj.令人困惑的19 regret v./n.懊悔,遗憾 regretful adj.懊悔的,遗憾的20. productionn.生产,制造, productive 可生产的,可制造的, produce v 生产,制造21. discoveryn. 发觉,发觉, discover-
27、v 发觉,22. focusv. 集中,聚焦, n 焦点,中心点23. reduce v减. 少,缩减 reductionn.削减,缩减24 comment n./v.评论,谈论重点短语梳理1 if not 假如不 .If so 假如这样,2.consider oneself sth 自认为是 consider sb sth 认为某人是 3.since then 从那时起4.search for a way to do sth 查找做某事的途径.5.thanks to 幸亏,由于,由于 ( to 为介词) 6.ridof 摆脱,除去 get rid of 除去7. be satisfied w
28、ith 对感到中意8 would rather do than do宁愿,宁可 也不=would do rather than do 9with the hope of 满怀期望 .10.in some way 在某种程度上11.cause damage to对 造成危害.12.build up 增强,强大13. lead to 导致,造成 to 为介词14. focus on 集中(留意力、精力等)于15. keepfrom/of使免受(影响、损害等) 重点句型再现袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种.(what 引导的名词性从句在句中作宾语)2. The special stra
29、in of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same field. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田的多收成三分之一的产量.(makes it possible 中 it 为形式宾语, to do 不定式短语为真正宾语)3. Its a great pity that 很遗憾的是 .4. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvest twice as large as before.1. Dr Yuan Longping grows wh
30、at is called super hybrid rice.由于使用了他的杂质水稻,农夫的丰收是以前的两倍.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(-ing 动词短语作缘由状语)语法剖析(非谓语动词 -动词的 -ing 形式作主语和宾语) 一、动词 -ing 形式作主语 动词-ing 形式作主语常用来表示常常性和习惯性的动作. 动词-ing 形式作主语通常放在句首,谓语用单数形式.例如:Listening to music is my sister s hobby. 动词-ing 形式作主语时, 为了保持句子平稳, 可以用 it 作形式主语. 常用的结构:1. It is + no
31、 use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of etc. + v-ing 例如:It is no use crying over spilt milk.二、动词 -ing 形式作宾语 动词-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语,又可作介词的宾语.1. 以下动词或短语只接动词 -ing 形式作宾语:admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, sugge等s动t词; can
32、t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of等短语.2. 在以下短语中, to 是介词,后面应用动词 -ing 形式作宾语:be / get used to, look forward to, devoteto, pay attention to, object to等.3. 以下动词或短语既可以跟动词 -ing 形式作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区分: like, love, prefer 如表示常常性的行为后接动词 -ing 形式.如表示详细的行为常用动词不定式,但要留意:假如 like,
33、love, prefer 前有 would ,后面就接动词不定式.如: Would you like to go shopping with me. 以下几组词接动词 -ing 形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同:forget doing 遗忘已做过某事.forget to do 遗忘要做某事remember doing 记得做过某事. remember to do 记住要做某事mean doing 意思是,意味着.mean to do 准备做regret doing 懊悔做过某事 ;regret to do 遗憾要做某事can t help doing 禁不住做.can t help to d
34、o 不能帮忙做. 在 allow, permit, advise 等动词后直接跟动词 -ing 形式作宾语, 假如这些词后面出名词或代词作宾语,其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语.如:We don t aolwlsmoking in the classroom.We don t allow students to smoke. 动词 need, require, want 作“需要”解时,其后用动词-ing 的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,这时动词 -ing 的主动形式表被动意义.如:Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed
35、.三、动词 -ing 的复合结构动词-ing 的复合结构即: 物主代词或名词全部格 作宾语时也可以用代词宾格或名词一般格 + 动词-ing.如:Lucy s turning up surprised everyone present. Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_四、动词 -ing 的时态、语态以及否定形式动词-ing 有一般式 doing 和完成式having done 两种时态,一般式的被动语态是 being done,完成式的被动语态是having been done.动词
36、-ing 的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.动词-ing 的否定形式是在 doing 之前加 not.例如:I m sorry for not having told you the news earlier.Unit 3 A taste of English humour重要词汇拓展1 humour n.幽默 humorous adj.幽默的2 content adj.满意的,中意的 n.满意.内容 v.使满意3 performer n.表演者,演出者 perform v.表演.做,履行,执行 performance n.表演,履行4 astonishv.使诧异 astonish
37、ing adj.令人诧异的 astonished adj感. 到诧异的5 fortunate adj. 幸 运 的 fortunev. 幸 运 , 运 气 fortunatelyadv. 幸运 的unfortunately adv.不幸的6 depressed adj.悲伤的 ,抑郁的 ,消沉的,萧条的 depress-v使消沉 , 使懊丧 , 愁苦, 使贬值,7. ordinaryadj.平常的,一般的8. boredadj.厌烦的 bore v.使厌烦 boring adj.令人厌烦的9.entertain v.使欢快,款待 entertainment n.款待.消遣,消遣10. thro
38、ughoutprep.遍及,贯穿 adv.处处,始终,全部11.homeless adj 无家可归的,12. wornadj 用旧的,用坏的,破烂的13. overcome v.战胜,克服14. convince v.使信服 convincing adj.令人信服的 convinced adj.信任的,信服的15. direct v.导演,指示,指挥 adj.直的,直接的 director n.导演,指挥 directly adv.直的,直接的 direction n.指导,方向16.enjoymentn 享乐,欢快,乐趣17.outstanding adj.突出的,杰出的,显著的18.par
39、ticular adj.特殊的,特殊的 particularly adv.特殊的,特殊的19 occasion n.时刻,场合 occasional adj.有时的,暂时的 occasionally adv.有时的,有时的20. slide v./n.滑动,滑行21. amuse v.使发笑,使开心 amused adj.开心的 amusing adj.逗人发笑的,令人开心的 amusement n愉. 快,欢快22. whisper v./n.耳语,低声说23、react v.做出反应,回应 reaction n.反应,回应重点短语梳理1. break into 闯入,进入2. up to
40、now 直到现在可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. brighten the lives of 照亮某人的生活道路4. feel/be content with 对满意5. badly off 穷的,缺少的6. in search of 查找 .7. pick out 选择出,辨认出8. on the edge of 在边沿9. cut off 切断,断绝10. in silence 缄默,不作声11. make use of 使用12. be angry about 对很愤怒13.star in 担任主角,主演重点句型再现1.He made people laugh at
41、a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.在人们感到懊丧的时候,卓别林使他们开怀大笑,于是人们对自己的生活感到比较满意.2 Noone was ever bored watching him hissubtle actingmade everything entertaining.看他的表演没有人会感到无聊他奇妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑.3 Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountian
42、during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. 相反,他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中,没有任何东西可吃.with 的复合结构作相伴状语 语法剖析(动词的 -ing 形式作定语、表语和补语) 一、动词 -ing 形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持洁净.2. 表示主语具有的特点、性质和状态
43、动词 ing 相当一个形容词)The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑.3. 常用来作表语的现在分词有 astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising 等.全析提示:动词 -ing 形式作表语时,其规律主语往往是句子中的主语,但用作表语的-ing 形式也可带有自己的规律主语.What worries me most is her staying too late eve
44、ry night.staying too late every night 的规律主语是 her二、 动词-ing 形式作定语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 单个的动词 -ing 形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义. 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能.a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes=shoes for running跑鞋a working method =a method for working工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行
45、的动作,也可表示常常性动作或当时的状态.developing countries = countries that are developing进展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很一般的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词 -ing 形式如是一个短语,就应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语, 相当于一个定语从句.They lived in a house facing south.=which is faci
46、ng south他们住在一所朝南的房子里.Do you know the boy playing basket.( =Who is playing basket你熟识在打篮球的那个男孩吗?The man visiting Japan =the man who is visiting Japan is my uncle正在拜访日本的那个男人是我的叔叔.三、动词 -ing 形式作宾补1、动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态.When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时 , 原先作宾语补足语的动词 -ing 形式便转换为主语补足语.They found