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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载Non-finite Verbs非谓语动词（英语八班王晴怡）一、非谓语动词的三种基本形式的含义1） to do：表示要做或去做,表个别行为,表目的.2） doing：做了,常常做,用来做,或一般行为（动名词）.表主动含义“正在做” ,形容词化翻译成“令人的” （现在分词）.3） done： 表示被动含义“被做”或“已做”“已被做”,形容词化后翻译成“ 某人感到的”或“被的”或“已的” （表语、定语、状语） .二、非谓语动词的各种变形一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have do
2、neto be doing被动to be doneto have been doneing形式主动doinghaving done被动being donehaving been done过去分词被动done动名词与现在分词的区分主要是：1. 动名词充当主语,宾语,和同位语.现在分词充当状语和补语.两者都可以做定语,但是意义不同.作定语时, 动名词说明被修饰的名词的用途.现在分词说明名词的动作,即它和名词在规律上有主谓关系.a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping一节卧车车厢, 即一个用于睡觉的车（sleeping 为动名词表用途）a sleeping chi
3、ld=a child who is sleeping一个睡着的孩子,即一个正在睡觉的孩子（sleeping为现在分词表正在进行的动作）2. 动名词具出名词的性质.现在分词就没有.动名词和名词一样有a, the, my, this, Tom s, the, some, much, a lot of等词语修饰：I usually do some cleaning on Sunday.我通常在周日打扫卫生.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎
4、下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载Do you do much fishing.你常常钓鱼吗？He showed me a picture of his own painting.他拿出来他自己绘画的一张照片给我看.A knocking at the door was heard.一阵敲门声被听到了.动名词和名词一样有全部格、复数形式：He enjoys reading for reading s sake, not for scholarship.他喜爱阅读是由于阅读的好处,而不是由于奖学金.He is so bus
5、y that I can t keep track of all his comings and goings.他是如此的繁忙以至于我无法弄清晰他的来来去去.三、非谓语动词的规律主语1. 假如 to do的规律驻足于就是句子的主语或者宾语,正常使用主格和宾格.假如不是,就写成 for/of sb to do.She wants you to call him later.她让我之后给他打电话.假如形容词修饰人,就用of sb ,假如形容词修饰to do这件事,就用for sb.如, It s very dangerous for children to cross the busy stree
6、t.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危急.It s difficult for us to finish the work.对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难.形容词描述人的品质、性格、感情或者态度,用of sb ,形容词和sb 有主表关系.用于此句型的形容词主要有：clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, polite, selfish, silly, right,wrong, thoughtful, wise, generous, rude, brave, careless , patient等,如,It s brave of him to save the chil
7、d from the fire.从大火中救出这个孩子,他真英勇.It s foolish of her to say so.这么说话他真愚蠢.2. 假如 doing的规律主语就是句子的主语,正常使用主格. 假如不是就在doing前加上形容词性物主代词或s全部格： my/Tom s doing,假如规律主语是句子的宾语既可使用宾格也可以使用my/Tom s doing.I have finished reading the book.我已经读完了这本书.Would you mind me/my/Tom s opening the window？你介意/我/Tom开窗吗？四、非谓语动词的否定形式在
8、非谓语动词前直接加not或 never.即 not / never to do, not / never doing.当前面有规律主语时,not或者 never放在规律主语与非谓语动词之间.如：Not swimming in the river in summer is good for you.在夏天不在河里游泳对你有处.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - -
9、 - - - -学习必备欢迎下载He told the children not to play in the street.他叫孩子们不要在街上玩耍.He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time.他因没能按时到来而赔礼.五不同非谓语动词在句中做相同成分时的区分1 、非谓语动词做主语不定式 to do和动名词 v-ing作主语的区分1不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语, 但过去分词 done 却不行以.To know oneself is difficult.（不定式）Working on such a hot day is no
10、easy job.（动名词）2 不定式 to 一般表示详细或一次性动作, 而动名词 v-ing就表示一般或抽象的多次动作.Not being tall should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.3 不定式和动名词都可以用it 来代替作形式主语.It is not good to smoke so much. It is useless speaking.注：动名词 v-ing常在以下两个结构中做主语：It is no use/ no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ a good pleasure等
11、名词 + doing It is useless/ nice/ interesting/ worthwhile/ good等形容词 +doingeg: It is a waste of time seeing that movie. It is so good to talk to you.4 动名词 v-ing也可在There is/ was no + doing结构中做主语There is no standing still in this life; one must either advance or fall behind.2 、非谓语动词做宾语不定式和动名词可以作动词宾语或介词宾语
12、.大多数动词既能接不定式、又可接动名词作宾语,但有些动词或固定结构有特定的用法.1.动名词（ v-ing ）作宾语In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid being beaten1 以下动词（短语）只能接动名词或名词作宾语:Abandon, give up, admit, acknowledge,confess ,advocate, avoid escape ,enjoy2 非谓语动词作介词的宾语, 通常情形下要用动名词形式, 不能用不定式.某
13、些固定结构可以省略介词 , 但仍旧要跟动名词形式.feel like doing sth.be/get used to doing sth.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载be busy in doing sth.spend time in doing sth.waste/lose time in doing sth.hav
14、e difficulty/trouble in doing sth.have fun in doing sth.have a good time in doing sth.there is no point in doing sth.3 ）以下动词后只能接不定式作宾语agree,offer,plan, aim, ask, demand,claim, endeavor, manage determine, resolveJack offered to drive his friend to the airport.After the divorce, Mary resolved never to
15、 marry again.4当非谓语动词位于but, except后作宾语时 , 习惯上要用不定式;而且 , 当其前有动词do （ do, does, did, done）时 , 就不定式不带to .如其前有动词 do,就不定式通常带to .We had no choice but to wait. He never did anything at home but watch TV. It had no effect except to make him angry. I could do nothing except agree.5 ）能接不定式和动名词作宾语的动词注：有些动词后既能接不定
16、式又能接动名词, 两者意思基本相同, 有时甚至可以互换,区分不大.主要在于: 不定式一般表示详细成一次性动作, 动名词就表示一般或抽象的多次动作.这类动词主要有：Likelovehatepreferbeginstartcontinuebotherintend留意 : 在 like, love, hate, prefer前有 would, should时, 其后只能跟不定式.有些动词后既能接不定式又能接动名词, 但二者的意义差别很大.这类动词有: go on doing连续做某事（连续刚才的事情）go on to do连续去做另一件事continue doing连续做某事（连续刚才的事情）con
17、tinue to do连续去做另一件事like doing sth喜爱做某事（常常行为,或者做了已是事实的行为）like to do sth.喜爱去做某事个别行为,或将来的行为 stop doing sth.停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载stop to do sth.停下来去去做另一件事try
18、 doing sth.尝试做某事try to do尽力去做某事regret doing sth .懊悔做某事（为已经做过的事而感到）regret to do遗憾要做某事（此事没做） remember doing记得做过某事 remember to do记得要去做某事 forget doing遗忘做了某事forget to do遗忘要去做某事注：英语中有些动词接动名词为宾语, 不定式为宾语补足语.Adviseallowforbidpermitrecommende.g.He doesntallow smoking in his office.（动名词作宾语）He doesn tallow his
19、family to smoke at all.（不定式作宾语补足语）3 、非谓语动词做补语1 ）不定式和分词都可以作主语补足语和宾语补足语, 但所表达的意义不同.现在分词 v-ing表示动作正在进行或始终处于某种状态过去分词 done 表被动意义不定式 to do表动作未发生e.g. She suddenly heard someone knocking at the door. 正在进行 She kept us waiting here for an hour. 始终处于某种状态 I heard the song sung. song与 sing之间是被动关系 Please remind m
20、e to take my medicine this afternoon. 未发生 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.tie与 hands之间是被动关系）2 ）表示劝请、要求的动词后常用带的不定式作宾补, 可用于 sb. to do sth.构.此类词有：askinvitetellwantencouragewishexpectbegrequest requireadviseorderforcecauseallowpermitforbidwarn remindteachsendcall onwait
21、forwould like/love/prefer注：也有部分表劝请、要求的词不行以to do为宾补.Hopesuggestagreedecidedemande.g.He doesn t allow his family to smoke.I advised him not to go there.（此处advised不行用suggested替换.）3. ）在使役动词make, let, have后 ,一般用不带to 的不定式作宾补, 但在其被动式后作主语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页 - - -
22、 - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载补足语时,要加上to .e.g.He made his son study English4） help以不定式为宾补时,不定式带不带to 均可.He helped me to clean the room.5） want, wish等后接to be done作宾补时 , to be可省略 ,直接用过去分词作宾补. When do you wish it（ to be ） finished？4 、非谓语动词做表语1 ）动名词、不定
23、式和分词都可以作句子表语.不定式多表一次性的、详细的动作.动名词多表常常发生的、日常的.过去分词多表被动.e.g. One of our aims is to help the unemployed find a job.Her job was washing clothes.The problem remains unsolved.2 ） 有些现在分词和过去分词也常常被认作是形容词.amusingunemployedinterestingsurprisingdelighting amusedexcitedinterestedsurpriseddelightede.g.They are exc
24、ited to hear the news. 过去分词 The news is exciting. 现在分词 5 、非谓语动词做定语1 ）分词作定语和所修饰的词有规律上的主谓关系现在分词一般表示正在发生的动作过去分词表示已经发生的动作或表被动的意义.a racing horse = a horse that is racingthe girl standing there = the girl who is standing therea fallen leaf = a leaf that has already fallenthe building completed three years
25、 ago = the building that was completed three years agoe.g. The man preparing the documents is the firm s lawyer has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT（ D ）A. The man who has prepared the documents.B. The man who has been preparing the documents.C. The man who is preparing the documentsD. The
26、 manwho will prepare the documents2 ） 不定式作定语,通常表示未发生的动作,且常后置.The topic to be discussed at the meeting is still unknown.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载3 ）动名词定语一般表示所修饰词的用途,它和所修饰词之间
27、没有规律上的主谓关系. the sleeping bus = the bus for sleepinga changing room = a room for changing clothesa walking stick = a stick for walking、非谓语动词做状语1. ）不定式在句中作状语常表目的、结果或缘由.分词作状语表示时间、缘由、让步、条件、方式、相伴等.Having finished the homework, I went home. 表时间 Being a model party member, I should work even harder. 表缘由 Gi
28、ven time, hell make a first-class tennis player. 表条件 He ran out of the classroom, shouting at the boy. 表相伴 To give the teacher a good impression, I decided to sit in the front row. 表目的 He is old enough to join the army. 表结果 I am only too pleased to accept your kind invitation. 表结果 only/all tooto do特
29、别做某事2. ）独立主格结构/ 独立分词结构分词作状语应留意其规律主语必需与主句的主语一样,否就分词要有自己的规律 主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立主格结构.分词的独立结构由规律主 语（名词、代词）+分词构成,可以表示时间、缘由、条件、方式或相伴状态.Time permitting = if time permits, the celebration will be held as scheduled.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ Agriculture is the country s chief source of wealth, wbheeinagtbigges
30、t.There being nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.What s the chance of there being a general election this year.by far the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_独立结构中的规律主语前有时可以加with或 without,作相伴状语或定语e.g .He sat in the chair with his legs crossed.The girl hid her box without
31、 anyone knowing where it was.3 有些分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有规律上的主语而实际上已经变成了习惯用法.generally/strictly speakingjudging fromtalking ofconsidering/given that可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载regard
32、ing/concerningprovided/providing/supposing/givenincludingseeing that 4 ）独立不定式有些不定式不属于句中的任何人或事物,而是修饰全句,这类不定式为独立不定式Absolute infinitive.常用的有：to tell the truthto be plain with youto be briefto concludeto cut/make a long story shortto sum upneedless to saystrange to sayto say nothing of / not to speak of
33、 / not to mentionto say the least5 有些不定式不属于句中的任何人或事物,而是修饰全句,这类不定式为独立不定式To tell the truth, I thought I would keep silent.To be brief, he was happy with the result.To conclude, I wish you all good health and a long life.To cuta long story short, we said,“ No. ”He can speak French, German and Japanese, not to mention English.It is a good idea, to be sure, but it costs too much.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载