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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题虚拟语气表示一种假设的情形,或一种主观的愿望, 即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不行能实现.英语虚拟语气的形式有以下几种：一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句留意:主句中的 should 通常用于第一人称 ,would 可用于任何人称 ,同时也可依据意思用情态动词could,might 等代替 should,would.1.与现在事实相反If had the time, John would make a trip to China to se
2、e the Great Wall. If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.2.与过去事实相反If Ikndown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.3.与将来事实相反If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.4.错综时
3、间虚拟语气可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一样时,动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间来调整.例如:If I were you, I would have gonehome.If you had followed the doctors advice,
4、youwould be quite all right now. 从句说的是过去 ,主句指的是现在. If the weather had beenmore favorable ,the cropswould be growing still better.二 其他从句中的虚拟（一）状语从句1. 方式状语 as ifas though假如从句表示 与现在事实 相反,谓语动词用 一般过去时 ;表示与过去事实 相反,谓语动词用 had+过去分词 ;表示与将来事实相反 ,谓语动词用 wouldmight,could+ 动词原形 .例如 :He looks at me as if I were mad
5、.He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.但 as ifas though后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是由于从句中的情形往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的.例如:It looks as if our side is going to win.2. 目的状语 in order that,so that 从句谓语动词用 may/might,can/could+动词原形.例如 :She listenedcarefullyin order thatshe might discover exactly wh
6、at he wanted.3. 连词引导的条件状语从句:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_in case , unless ,supposing ,providing,on condition tha从t might, could+动词原形 .4. 连词
7、引导的步状语从句 :lest ,for fear that 等句谓语动词用 should或可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-bsyhould see us.二.虚拟语气用于宾语从句1.Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下：1) 要求： ask demand require request beg plead insist pray urge2) 建议： suggest advise propose recommend move3) 命令、打算：
8、order command decide determine resolve4) 其它： consent deserve desire intend maintain prefer等后面的宾语从句中可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_+thatshould 动+词原形可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_留意：在此结构中that 不行省略. should 省不省均可. He suggested that they should stop smoking.They demanded that the black people should be treated as wel
9、l as white people.假如 that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气.He insists that he is right.留意:insist 作 力言 、 强调 解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气. 只有当 insist 作 坚持应当 解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气.例如:Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. I insisted that you give me my money back.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 2
10、2 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思2.wish+宾语从句 表示不能实现的愿望 ,汉语可译为 惋惜 、 就好了 、悔不该 、 但愿 等.表示现在不能实现的愿望 ,从句的谓语动词用过去式 ;表示将来不能实现的愿望 ,用wouldcould+ 动词原形 ; 表示过去不能实现的愿望 ,用had+过去分词 或couldwould+have+过去分词 .例如 :wish 的用法1). 与现在事实相反:动词过去式或 wereI wish
11、 we could go to the seaside today.I wish I were a pop singer.=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.2). 与过去事实相反:主语+wishthat+主语+动词过去完成式We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.I wish I had never stopped teaching.=I am sorry I stopped teaching.3). 与将来事实相反 :助动词过去式 +动词原形I wish they d let us get some sl
12、eep.留意： wish 与 hope 接宾语从句的区分在于：hope 表示一般可以实现的期望,宾语 从句用陈述语气. wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的期望,宾语从句用虚拟语气. 试比较：（1） ） We hope they will come,We dont know if they can come.（2） ） We wish they could come,We know they are not coming.3.虚拟语气在 would rather/would sooner/would just as soon后接从句 :可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名
13、师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思Id rather you paid me now.从句用过去时指现在 I would rather they came tomorrow.从句用过去时指将来 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Id rather she hadnt done that从.是表愿望的实义动词 三.虚拟语气用于主语从句句用过去完成时
14、指过去此句中的 would 可看作可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在主语从句中 ,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用should+动词原形 的结构 ,表示诧异、不信任、惋惜、理应如此等.例如:It is necessaryappropriate crucialdesirabledreadfulessentialimportantimproperincredibleindispensableinsistentnaturalpreferable possibleprobableproperrightsignificantsurprisingstrangetragic urgentvital
15、wrongetc.that weshould clean the room every day.It was a pitya shame,no wonder,etc.that you should be so careless. It will be desiredsuggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.that she should finish her homework this afternoon.a 在上述三种主语从句中 ,should 意为应当 、竟然 ,可以省去 ,但不行换用would .主句所用动词的时态不限.留意:这种从
16、句表示的是事实.假如说话人对这种事实表示诧异,就可用虚拟语气.反之 ,假如不表示诧异 ,that 从句也可用陈述语气. 例如:It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant swim.四.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - -
17、- - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思n.要求： demand requirement request motion pray insistence建议： suggestion advice proposal recommendation motion命令、打算： order command decision determination resolution其它： plan desire idea necessity preference等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构should+动词原形 .例如 :We all agreed to his sugges
18、tion that weshouldgo to Beijing for sightseeing. My idea is that he shoulddo exercises first.五、虚拟语气的几种特别用法1.省掉 if 的条件从句倒装结构：Had you askedme, I would have told you.=If you had asked me,2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A true friend would not do such a thing. =If he w
19、ere a true friend, he.=If there were no water,=If you hadn t helped me,3. 虚拟语气用于定语从句 :It s high time that动词过去+式或 should+动词原形 ,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_should 不能省略 ,be 用 were 来表示 ,意为 现在该.如：It s time that you had a hair cut.It s high time that we took some action.4.虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句 :If only I had t
20、aken his advice.我要是听他的话就好了.If only I were a bird. 我假如是一只鸟就好了.5.虚拟语气用于简洁句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思1表示说话人虚心、客气、有礼貌,使语气委婉 ,常显现在日常会话中.例如: It would be better for yo
21、u not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to open the door.2用于一些习惯表达法中.例如: Would you like a cup of tea.You had better go now.3用may+ 动词原形 , 表示希望 、但愿.may 须置于句首.例如 : May you be happy.May you succeed.6.含蓄条件句在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if 条件句 ,虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来,这种现象在语法上称为 含蓄条件句 .含蓄条件详细分为以下几种情形:1通过动词不定式短语表示条件.例如: Y
22、ou would be a fool to refuse his offer.=If you should refuse his offer,you would be a fool.要是你拒绝他的建议 ,就太傻了.2通过介词短语表达条件.例如:But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - -
23、 - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思=If it had not been for the storm.要不是那场暴雨 ,我早就到达了. Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help.3通过连词 otherwise,or,but,that,though,once等表达条件 .例如 : She came to town yesterday,otherwise/or I would not have met her. 昨
24、天她到城里来了 ,不然我就不会遇见她了.otherwise/or=if she hadnt comeI would have attended the meeting,but I have been too busy. =.if I had not been too busy我原来要参与会议的 ,只是太忙了.4通过 Were it not for.或 Had it not been for.等句式表达条件.意为 假如当时没有,表示同过去事实相反的假设.例如:Were it not for=If it were not for the leadership of the Party,we cou
25、ld not live a happy life.要不是党的领导 ,我们不行能过幸福生活.与现在事实相反 Had it not been for=If it had not been for the leadership of the Party,we should have failed.如不是有党的领导 ,我们早就失败了.与过去事实相反 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - -
26、 - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思5通过分词短语表达条件.例如:Given more attention,the trees could have grown bette倘r. 如赐予更多的关怀 ,这些树原来可以生长得更好的.=If they had been given more attention.6无词句示意条件.例如:Such mistakes could have been avoide这d. 种错误原来可以防止的.暗含条件从句if we had been more carefulIt was so quiet,you could have
27、heard a pin drop是. 那样的寂静 ,掉根针你都听得见.暗含条件从句if it had dropped to the ground四 情态动词用于虚拟一） “情态动词 +have+done” 结构的含义及用法1、should have done/ should not have done 它们分别表示“过去原来应当（已经）（而实际上并没有）”/“过去本不应当（已经）而实际上却已经”如：We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead 我.们昨晚本应学习的,但我们却去看音乐会了.（实际上没有学
28、习）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_If he had joined us , we should have had a more enjoyable time 如.果他加入我们的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_活动,我们就可以玩得更高兴了.（实际上没那么高兴,由于他没加入我们的活动）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I should have thought of that 这.一点我应当想到的.（但实际上没想到）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_They shouldnt have left so soon .他们不应当走得那么早
29、.（但实际上仍是走了） He shouldnt have said such a thing .他当时不应当说那种话.（但已经说了）在表示估计时,它表示的是“大致已经,或许已经”的意思.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如：The train should have already left火.车大致已经开走了.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Time is up , you should have finished your exercises .时间已到,你们可能已经做完作业了.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - -
30、 - - - - - -第 9 页,共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思2、would have done它表示的是与过去事实相反之假设的结果,意思是“当时就会了”,而实际上没有.如：I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties .要是我当时知道你们的窘境,我就会帮忙你了（而实际上没有帮忙你）If it hadnt rained yesterda
31、y, we would have gone on excursion假. 如昨天没下雨, 我们就去在表示估计时,它表示“过去大致是,好像、可能”如：I suppose the writer would have been about thirty when he published his first work .我想这位作家出版第一部作品时,大致是30 岁左右.3. must have done它表示“过去肯定了”,且结果连续到现在,用于对过去发生的事进行估计.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如： No one answers the phone call, they mus
32、t have already gone ou没t 人,接电话,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_他们肯定已经出去了.They must have arrived by now现.在他们想必已经到达.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_You must have known what he wanted你.当时肯定知道他要什么.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Where is my pen. I must have lost it .我的钢笔在哪？我确定把它弄
33、去了4. cannot have done/couldnt have done 这两个形式表示“过去应当不行能做” 如,He can not have promised it . 他应当不会答应那种事.John is very clever . He cannot have told his son to do that .约翰是很聪慧的,他应当不会叫他儿子那样做.He couldnt have said such a thing .他应当不会说出这样的事.5. cant have done它表示 过去不行能做 .如：She cant have gone to school , we have
34、 no school toda她y.不行能到学校去,今日我们学校放假.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He cant have finished the work so soon这.项工作他不行能完成得这样快.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Jack doesnt work hard at all. He cant have passed this English examination杰. 克学习根本不用功.他不行能通过这次英语考试.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 22
35、 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思6. can couldhave done这种形式只用于疑问句,表示 含疑问语气的估计 .如： Where can could they have gone他. 们能到哪里去了了？How could he haveforgotten such an important thing.这么重要的事他怎么能忘了了？ 7.could have done它表示 过去原来能够实际上没能做.如：I cou
36、ld have run 100 meters in 12 seconds我. 原来能用 12 秒钟完 100 米的.（实际上设能）If you could have finished the task in time, you could have been promoted. 假如你当时能如期完成那任务的话, 你可能已提升了（实际上没有被提升）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I could have laughed to hear him talk like that听.他那样讲话,我差点笑出声来.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_In those circum
37、stances we could have held out longe在r. 那样情形下,我们原来可以坚持更久的.（实际上没有坚持很久）8. may not have done它表示 对过去可能会 不会发生的事 的推测.如： Shemay have missed the train她. 或许误了车.He may not have achieved all his aims But可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_his effort is a good one他.可能没达到他的全部目的,但他仍是仔细做了努力的.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_9. might h
38、ave donea、它表示对过去发生的事一种不太确定的推测.如：I thought my uncle might have missed the train.我. 想我叔叔可能误火车.I可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_might have lost my watch in the bath room我.可能把表遗忘在卫生间了.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_b、它的虚拟式表示与过去事实相反的假设结果.如If she had started a little可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_earlier, she might have been i
39、n time for the train 如.火车. 实际上没有早动身,便没有赶上火车果她早点动身, 她有可能准时赶上可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It might have been better to stop them如.果那时就停上的话,或许比较好.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_You might have told the truth.你本应当讲实话 实际上没有讲真话,此处有批判之意You might have made greater progress.你的进步是可以更大一些的（此处含批判口气）10
40、. need not have done 它表示过去已做的事, 事实上没有必要. 如： I need not have got up so early . 我原来不必要那么早起床的 （事实上早已起床） I need not have waited for the train for an hour. 我原来不必要等一个小时的火车.（事实上虚拟语气专项练习题(1). If Iyou, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 22
41、 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 , 熟读而精思A. beB. wasC. wereD. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, theyspeak with French accents.A. dontB. will notC. mustntD. wouldnt(3) today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday.A. Were we leavingB. If we leaveC. Would we leaveD. Were we to leave(4). If Petertomorrow, what would you do.A. were not to comeB. will not comeC. would not comeD. had not come(5). “She didnt ask me, so I didnt help her.” “ You mean to say, you wouldve helped her .”A. i