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1、Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行一、单词讲解：【New words and expressions】生词与短语（6）exciting adj. 令人兴奋的receive v. 接受，收到firm n. 商行，公司different adj. 不同的centre/center n. 中心abroad adv. 在国外excitingadj. 令人兴奋的 excitedadj. （感到）兴奋的 excite v. 激动，令兴奋，激动（人作宾语） eg. The news excited us. (过去式)这个消息令我们兴奋I have never been to
2、Australia. It must be an exciting trip.我从来没有去过澳大利亚它一定是一次激动人心的旅行He is fining this trip very exciting.他发现这次旅行非常令人兴奋（very exciting 宾补）We are excited at the news.我们对这个消息感到兴奋The excited girl is looking forward to her exciting first date with her“Mr. Right”. 这个兴奋的女孩渴望着她的激动人心的与白马王子的第一次约会。 The excited child
3、ren were expecting Christmas presents.兴奋的孩子们曾期盼圣诞礼物- ed: 自己感到 - ing 令人感到 类似的词： surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised 感到惊奇的interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感到感兴趣的shocking 令人震惊的 shocked 感到震惊的satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的moving 令人感动的 moved 感到感动的touching 令人感动的 touched 感到感动的 em
4、barrassing 令人难堪的,尴尬的 embarrassed 感到难堪的,尴尬的receive v. 接受，收到 receive sth. from sb. 从某人那里收到某物 receive a letter 收到一封信receive a present 收到一份礼物receive a phone call 接到一个 receive good education 得到良好的教育 eg. You will receive a warm welcome whenever you come to my home.无论你什么时候来我家，都会受到热情欢迎eg. He has just receiv
5、ed his fortnights pay. 他刚收到两星期的工资。 receive 客观的收到/ accept 同意接受eg. I received an invitation to the party, but I didnt accept it. 我收到了聚会邀请，但是我没有接受。 eg. I received an apology from him but I didnt accept it. 他向我道歉，但是我不接受。 write to sb. 给写信receive a letter from sb. = hear from sb. 收到某人的信 eg. I have just re
6、ceived a letter from my brother.我刚刚收到我兄弟的来信take 拿走/ bring 带来eg. Someone has taken my pen. 有人拿走了我的钢笔The waiter brought me a glass of beer. 服务员为我拿来一杯啤酒receiver n. 收到的人； 听筒 eg. He put down the receiver angrily. 他生气地放下听筒。= He rang off angrily. 他生气的挂断 。 receive sb. with sth 词语扩展：be received 受欢迎eg. She wa
7、s received with warm applause. 大家以热烈的掌声欢迎了她。 （形容词 公认为正确而普遍接受的） received opinion 公认为正确的看法 work for sb. / sth. 做工作；从事体力劳动或脑力劳动，上班 / 任职表达“上班”这个意思时还可以说 work at. work out 结果是；事情演变为；计算出短语扩展：work sth. off 除去，消除 work sb. out 了解某人的秉性firm 1) n. (尤作口语) 公司 = company eg. He is working for a big firm. 他在一家大公司工作th
8、e firm of Johnson & Johnson 强生公司 company 公司 (更口语化)corporation 公司,法人，团体enterprise 事业单位企业，单位，公司，商行group 集团公司 2) adj. 牢固的，稳固的，坚实的 eg. The leg of that chair is not very firm.这椅子的腿非常不稳固了Prices are still firm. 物价仍旧很稳定。 as firm as rock 坚如磐石 a firm foundation 坚实的基础 3) adj. 坚定的，坚决的 eg. His reply to the reque
9、st was a firm“No!”. 他坚决的拒绝这个要求。/他的答复是坚决的不。 hold firm to sth. 不放弃原则、理论等 be on firm ground 对事实确信无疑；立场坚定 firm sth. up 使某物最后达到固定的形式或状态 eg. He is on firm ground that Lily wins the match. 他确信是莉莉赢得了比赛。 different adj. 不同的 反义词：same （Br）A is different from/to B. A 与 B 是不同的。 eg. The word “receive” is different
10、 from ”accept”. Receive 这个词与 Accept 是不同的。 Everyone is different from others. 每个人都与别人不一样。 （Am）A is different from/than B. A 与 B 是不同的。 eg. You look different than before. 你看起来跟以前不一样。difference n. 区别，差别 tell the difference between A and B 辨认 A 与 B 的差别eg. We can easily tell the difference between the tw
11、ins. 我们能很轻易地辨认这对双胞胎很多以 ant / ent 结尾的为 adj. 以 ance / ence 结尾的为 n. important 重要的 Importance 重要性 distant 遥远的 distance 距离patient 有耐心的 patience 耐心,耐性 centre (U.S. center) n. 中心shopping center 购物中心 training center 培训中心 service center 服务中心 eg. That girl likes to be the center of attention. 那个女孩喜欢成为注目的焦点。 B
12、eijing is the center of politics, economics and culture of China. 北京是中国的政治，经济，文化的中心。 left, right and center = here and there 前后左右，处处 eg. Ive been looking for you left, right and center. Where have you been? 我到处找你，你到哪儿去了？ abroad adv. 在国外 （in or to another country overseas）在国外，出国be abroad 在国外 go abroa
13、d 出国 live abroad 在国外居住 travel abroad 出国旅行 eg. A great number of outstanding young Chinese want to study abroad. 许多杰出的年轻中国人想要出国去留学。 He will go abroad next month.他下一月将出国二、【Key structures】关键句型现在完成时 构成：have / has + 动词的过去分词 eg. He has gone to Canada.他去加拿大了。I have lived here for eighteen years.我住在这里十八年了。注
14、意： 动词的不规则过去式，过去分词： go/ went/ gone , drive/ drove/driven, sleep/slept/slept功能： 1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在存在的影响 (通常与already,yet,just,ever, never等表示不确定时间的时间副词连用). eg. He has already finished his homework.他已经完成作业了。 I have never been to Paris. 我从未去过巴黎。 I have never just received a letter from my brother, Tim. 我刚收到我
15、兄弟Tim的来信。 He has just bought an Australian car and has gone Alice Springs. 他刚卖了一辆澳大利亚的小车，去爱丽丝斯普林斯去了。 He has been there for six months. 他到那里六个月了。 He has already visited a great number of different places. 他已经参观过许多不同的地方了。 My brother has never been abroad before. 我兄弟以前从未出过国。 He has retired now. 他现在已经退休
16、了。 Have you ever been to Australia? 你去过澳大利亚吗？ Have you read any good books lately? 你最近也没有度到好书。 I havent been very successful so far. 至今我不十分成功。 The train hasnt arrived yet. 火车还没有到。2) 表达从过去一直持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用： so far 迄今为止/up till (to) now 到现在为止/since 自从时候/for a long time 很长一段时间/in the
17、 last few years 在过去几年时间里面/these days 这段日子eg. Great changes have taken place in this city in the last 10 years. 在过去的 10 年里，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。He has studied English since 10 years ago.他从十年前就开始学习英语了。 So far, I havent received a single letter from my brother.到现在为止，我没收到我兄弟的一封来信。重点： 某些非延续性动词，在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状
18、语搭配。 常见非延续性动词：die去世,死亡/buy买（东西）/arrive到达/marry结婚/join加入/ leave离开/go 走/ refuse 拒绝/lend 借出/ fail 失败/finish 结束,完成/divorce 离婚/borrow 借来eg. How long have you bought the car? How long have you had the car? 你拥有这辆车多久了？ She has gone away for a month. She has been away for a month. 她已经离开一个月了。 The man has died
19、 for two years. The man has been dead for two years. 这个人已经去世两年了。Exercises A 将括号中表示时间的状语放在恰当的位置：1. I have (just) had breakfast.2. He has been in prison (for six months).3. The police have not caught the thief (yet).4. You have (already) asked that question three times(already)5. Have you (ever) been
20、to Switzerland?.6. I have (never) been to Switzerland?.7. He is a wonderful runner. He has broken two records (so far).8. I havent seen George (lately).现在进行时 构成方法：现在进行时由 am / is / are 加现在分词构成。 用法说明： 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。 表示计划或 . 安排好了的将来动作，常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。 eg. Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来。 T
21、heyre having a party next week. 他们下周将举行一个派对。注意：表示安排将要做的事，人作主语宜用现在进行时，事物作主语，宜用一般现在时。 试比较： Im not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。(不宜说 I dont) The concert starts at 7: 30. 音乐会七点半开始。 现在进行时与 always, often, forever 等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。 eg. Youre always interrupting me! 你老打断我的话! (抱怨) 下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行
22、时 believe/seem/detest/doubt/show/desire/see/mind/hear/have/know/lovesound/understand/taste/belong/think/consider/care/like/feel/hate/lookrequire/possess.用进行时态表示将来时态的: go, come ,leave ,arrive三、课文讲解： 【Text】I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for si
23、x months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Per
24、th. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信, 他正在澳大利亚. 他在那儿已经住了6个月了. 蒂姆是个工程师, 正在一家大公司工作, 并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了. 他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车, 现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯. 他不久还将到达达尔文去, 从那里, 他再飞往珀斯. 我弟弟以前从未出过国,因此, 他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心.I have just received a letter from my brother,
25、Tim.我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信. just 搭配现在完成时received a letter from sb.=hear from sb. 收到来信write to sb. 给写信He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. 他正在澳大利亚. 他在那儿已经住了6个月了.Australia n. 澳大利亚Australian adj. 澳大利亚的 Italy n. 意大利Italian n. 意大利语/a. 意大利的 for + 一段时间 for six months 已经六个月 since + 时间的一点 eg. He went
26、there six months ago.He has been there since six months ago.He has been there for six months.他在那儿已经住了6个月了.Tim is an engineer. 蒂姆是个工程师, engineer n. 工程师（最主要的含义） ，建筑师，机械师；火车司机 engine n. 发动机，引擎，机车，火车头a steam engine 蒸汽机车 engine-driver (Br) 火车司机engineer (U.S.) 火车司机He is working for a big firm and he has a
27、lready visited a great number of different places in Australia.正在一家大公司工作, 并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了.already 放在实义动词之前，助动词之后a number of + n. (pl.) +are 许多的， 大量的 (用于修饰复数可数名词) 通常 number 前有 great, large, good, small, certain 等形容词，数量大小也随之改变eg.A large number of books are stolen. 大量的书被偷走了。the number of + n. (pl.) +i
28、s 的数量是 eg. The number of stolen books is 25. 被偷的书的数目是 25 本。 A number of people apply for this job. 许多的人申请这份工作。 The number of applicants is 70. 申请者的数量是 70 人。 英语中表示“许多”的短语有很多。plenty of，a lot of，lots of， 可加可数 n. 也可加不可数 n. a quantity of，quantities of，a supply of，supplies of，a mass of，masses of 可与可数名词与不可
29、数名词连用 a number of，a variety of，varieties of，a good / great many后接可数名词复数 a great amount of，amounts of，a great / good deal of 后接不可数名词 a sum of 修饰货币 number n. 号码，数字，数目 No. (short term) 缩略形式eg. My telephone number is 6229897. 我的 号码是6229897.The company is No. one in the oil business. 这家公司在石油领域是最棒的。 There
30、 is safety in numbers. 人多势众。 （Idiom） He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. 他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车, 现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯. buy bought-bought sell/sold/sold bring/brought/brought have gone to 去了某地（人还在那没回来） have been to 去过某地（人已经回来了）eg. Where
31、is Jackson? Jackson 去哪儿呢？ He has gone to Canada, and he has been there a great number of times. 他去加拿大了，他去过那好多次。 a small town in the centre of Australia. 同位语He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth.他不久还将到达达尔文去, 从那里, 他再飞往珀斯.fly/flew/flown1) 飞，飞行，航行 eg. Birds fly. 鸟会飞。 2) 飞行器飞行，航行，操纵
32、，乘坐飞行器飞行 fly a kite 放风筝 fly a plane 驾驶飞机 fly . to Paris 乘飞机去巴黎 fly the Atlantic 飞越大西洋 eg. The children flew to meet their mother. 孩子们飞奔着去接妈妈。Its late now. I must fly. 现在已经很晚了。 我必须抓紧时间了。我必须快点了。 How time flies! 时光过的多快呀！时光飞逝！ 3) n. 苍蝇 eg. There is a fly in the soup.汤里有支苍蝇。fly 短语（idioms）The bird has flo
33、wn. 要抓的人跑了。 （Idiom）警察用语 Pigs might fly. （Idiom） 猪都会飞了。即使有奇迹也不太可能出现.(表示对某事不相信,不屑一顾) eg. Tom gives up smoking? Yes, pigs might fly! 汤姆戒烟了？ 是吗，那猪都会飞了。My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.我弟弟以前从未出过国,因此, 他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心. before 1) prep. 在之前 before lunch 午餐之前befo
34、re 10 oclock 10点钟之前2) conj. 在之前 eg. Do it before you forget it. 在你忘记之前做它。3) adv. 以前，过去eg. Ive seen the film before.我以前看过这部电影。He has never been aboad before.他之前从未出过国。 find + 宾语+ 宾补eg. I find English difficult but interesting.我发现英语很难但很有趣。I find the room empty.我发现这房间是空的。They find the girl diligent and
35、beautiful. 他们发现这个女孩又勤奋又漂亮。现在完成时 have/has动词的过去分词表示过去发生的动作对现在存在的影响；表示从过去一直持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态。表示不确定时间： already, yet, just, ever, never.表示一段时间： so far, up till now, since, for a long time, in the last few years, these days Exercises 把句子保持现在完成时形式：eg. The bell is ringing. The bell has just rung.1. He is l
36、eaving the house.He has just left the house.2. He is having breakfast.He has just had breakfast.3. she is writing a letter.She has just written a letter.4. My sister is turning on the radio.My sister has just turned on the radio.5. My mother is making the bed.My mother has just made the bed.6. She i
37、s buying a new hat.She has just bought a new hat.eg. He is still having breakfast. He hasnt had breakfast yet.1. He is still washing the dishes.He hasnt washed the dishes yet. 2. She is still making the beds.She hasnt made the beds yet.3. He is still combing his hair.He hasnt combed his hair yet.4.
38、She is still sweeping the carpet.She hasnt swept the carpet yet.5. We are still reading “Macbeth” yet.We havent read “Macbeth” yet.eg. Ive already had lunch. Have you had lunch yet.1. Ive already seen the new play at “The Globe”. Have you seen the new play at “The Globe” yet?2. Ive already taken my
39、holidays.Have you taken your holidays yet?3. Ive already read this book. Have you read this book yet?4. Ive already done my homework. Have you done your homework yet?5. Ive already finished my work. Have you finished your work yet?Special difficulties 难点receive and takereceive: I have just received
40、a letter from my brother.我刚刚收到我兄弟的一封信。take:Someone has taken my pen.有人拿走了我的钢笔了。1. Yesterday I (took) (received) a present from Aunt Jane.2. Have you (taken)(received) a letter from him yet?3. I (took) (received) the letter with me.4. He has (taken) (received) some flowers to her.5. Why did you (rece
41、ive) (take) this book off the shelf?四、【Exercises】练习 1. Tim has been in Australia for six months. His brother hasnt seen him _ January. A. for B. since C. from D. by A. for 只有表示同一段时间的词连用时才能用在现在完成时中。eg. for six months 长达半年for one year. 长达一年C. from 常跟介词 to 连用表示“从.到.” ，它很少用于现在完成时态； D. by 可以表示“到.为止” ，通常用
42、于表示过去完成时与将来完成时； B. since 可以加个时间的点可以用在现在完成时中。表示“自从”的意思。2. He has just bought an Australian car. He bought one _. A. a short time ago B. a long time ago C. last year D. six months ago A. 不久之前 B. 很久之前 C. 去年 D. 半年之前3. He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin _ . A. quickly B. for a short time C.
43、shortly D. in a hurry A. 快速地 B. 时间很短； C. 不久 D. 匆忙地 4. It is not difficult to _ the idea that machines can communicate information to us. A. admit B. receive C. accept D. convince A. 表“承认”的意思； B. 强调收到这一动作，不包括本人是否愿意接受的意思； C. 强调主动接受 D. 表“说服”的意思五、复习 Review1. 现在完成时 have/has done2. Main Points: 1) exciting/excited a. 令人兴奋的/感到兴奋的2) recei