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1、您现在的位置：首页英语四级英语四级作文英语四级作文综合辅导 正文英语四级图表作文的类型及参考范文图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见，而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。下面我们先来看一看图表作文的类型。第一节 图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类：表作文与图作文。表作文表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题(Title)、表头(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)与主体(Body)部分(表格
2、的其余部分)等部分组成。如下表：用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的数字说明，与1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。图作文图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文与条状图作文。(1) 圆形图作文圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象与直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量与各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结
3、合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are trans
4、port and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.(2) 曲线图作文曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间
5、关系的发展过程与趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴与纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如：这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39)，此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点(16)。可见，1990年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。(3) 条形图作文条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几
6、个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1)同一项目在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如：左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命(Life Expectancy)，这一条形图想要表达的是同一项目(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率(Infant Mortality)，这一条形图想要表达的也是同一项目(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均
7、期望寿命长20岁，而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%。第二节 图表作文的出题形式我们先来看几个四(六)级考试中的图表作文的例子。例1 题目：Changes in Peoples Diet (1991年6月四级试题)Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :Food Year19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.
8、5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit andvegetables24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100% From: 1.state the changes in peoples diet (饮食) in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.4. You should quote as few figures as possible.范文：Fr
9、om the chart we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in peoples diet. The greatest change occurs in grain consumption, which has dropped 4% from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption. The second greatest change is in milk consumption, which increased f
10、rom 10% in 1986 to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat consumption increased from 17% to 23% while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to 20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped
11、 a little to 21%, while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%.What has caused the great changes in peoples diet? The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in peoples income level. With the development of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enables them
12、to purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain consumption in peoples diet consequently dropped.So from the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before. We are now able to purchase more delici
13、ous and nutritious food, resulting in an improvement in our health.例2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (1991年6月6级试题)Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reason(s)
14、 for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing
15、 Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)与婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况2. 说明引起变化的各种原因从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题与一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1
16、)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。第三节 图表作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;2)确定文章的主题思想，
17、构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;3)编列文章的提纲;4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;5)检查与修改。图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议图表作文常用的句型(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法) Ac
18、cording to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that 根据该表/图，我们可知 The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 该表/图表明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graph As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart
19、如表/图所示，(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型 Compared with is still increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ; then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990. There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/s
20、udden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).下面我们来看一篇根据例2的题目要求写的范文。From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate ros
21、e to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city d
22、eclined in 1990.主题句/概述表格反映的内容；(5)反映交通事故的变化情况；(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It requested that in summer every car should be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperatur
23、e make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic rules.主题句；原因/措施一
24、；解释措施一/次要辅助；采取措施一后的结果；原因/措施二；原因/措施三。With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.总结：展望未来的情况第四节、 图表作文及其参考范文Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should：1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its mea
25、ning, and3) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 120150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)范文1：Drawings can be useful tools; a simple picture may reveal a profound truth. The illustration above, for example, is far from complicated, and yet carries deep implications:
26、 from the top of a mountain one can see clear and far.Such an image draws attention to the fact that people tend to be distracted by immediate benefits, or deterred by present difficulties. If one was to stand higher and take a broader view, one could make wise, long-term decisions, as well as have
27、a clearer sense of how to solve any given problem.The importance of keeping things in perspective is of practical significance to university students especially. When students face difficult decisions such as choosing between majors or careers, or deciding whether to continue with postgraduate educa
28、tion, they should consider their future life in broad terms. If you allow yourself to become preoccupied by immediate interests or discouraged by current obstacles, you might not make the wisest decisions.Nevertheless, it is important to realize that viewing our lives from a far is not equal to aimi
29、ng for an unattainable goal. Inexperienced youth must be careful to realistically create and pursue their ambitions. It is best to look beyond temporary needs and problems and keep ones present and future life in perspective.范文2：As can be seen in the drawing, a man is standing on top of the highest
30、of many mountains while looking at something far away.If you want to be considered as the man who can see further than anyone else, you must stand on giants shoulders. Needless to say, if you were to stand at the foot of a mountain, mountains would be all around you, surrounding you, blinding you. Y
31、ou can only see a small piece of the sky when looking up, just like a frog at the bottom of a well. If the frog wants to see the outside world, it must jump out of the well to broaden its range of vision.In science, researchers should not confine themselves to available materials that can be easily
32、found. On the contrary, it is very important for them to go outside the norm and use as many materials as possible. A large number of scientific materials that have been defined by previous scientists can be regarded as the basis of present research. If we want to make more progress in our present s
33、tudy, we must base our research on previous theories and results.The more materials you possess in your base, the greater the potential. That is, the higher on the mountain you are, the farther you can see.第五节、 图表类写作模版(1)模版1 Accordingtothechart/graph/diagram/table,weclearlylearnthat_.Asearlyas_,_.Th
34、en,_.Last,_.Incontrast,by_,_. Therearemanyreasonsaccountingfor_.Firstly, _.Secondly,_.Finally,_.Asaresult,_. AsfarasIamconcerned,_.Foronething,_.Foran other,_.Inbrief,Iholdthat_.(2)模版2Whatisshowninthechart/graph/diagram/tableaboveindicatesthatinrecentyears, moreandmorepeoplepayattentionto_.Thenumber
35、ofthosewho_has increased _,andfurthermore,_. Therearetwofactorsresponsibleforthechanges.Inthefirstplace,_. Moreover,_.Yet,itisnoticeablethat_.Fromtheanalysis,wecansafelydrawtheconclusionthat_.Itispossiblethat inthefuture,thetendencywill_.(3)模版3Asisshowninthechart/graph/diagram/tableabove, _haschange
36、d drasticallyinthepast_.While_,nowthepercentageof_is_.Meanwhile,thenumberof_hassoaredupto_. Therearemainlytwopossiblereasonscontributingtotherapidchanges.Thefirstisthat_.Secondly,_.Inmyview,thechangeshaveagreatinfluenceon_.Atthesame time,_.Tosumup,_.第六节、 图表作文常用词（组） 增加：increase / raise / rise / go up
37、 /soar up 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall 波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ；keep steady/ constant最常用的两种表达法： 动词+副词形式（Verb+Adverb form）Eg: increase （drop）slowly/ slightly/ gradually/ steadily/significantly/ dramatically/ sharply/rapidly 形容词+名词形式（A
38、djective+Noun form）Eg: a very slight/ small/gradual/ steady/ remarkable/ dramatic/ sharp/ significant/ marked/rapid/ sudden rise/ increase/boost/decrease/ drop/ surge第七节、 图表作文写作练习练习四：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on Changes
39、 in Peoples Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:Food Year19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meet17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit and vegetables24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100
40、%100%1. state the changes in peoples diet in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes; 3. draw your own conclusions.4. You should quote as few figures as possible.As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in peoples diet between 1986 and 1990. From the table, we can
41、 find that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in peoples diet. And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutritious food such as milk and meat has increased rapidly.What has caused these changes? The
42、re are mainly three reasons (主题句). (6) First, people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can afford nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in p
43、oor health. (10) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.(11) Although milk and meat are important to ones health, eating too much rich food may result in obesity and many other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not o
44、nly consume a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.写作练习：给大家一个作文题，请根据这一讲的内容，在30分钟内完成。大家在写作的过程中要注意审题，考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you shouldinterpret the chart, andgive
45、your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)作文解析：本作文题目比较好写，因为标题与图示非常清晰明白。图标显示了1990年到2010年城镇人口与乡村人口的变化。考生分析原因的话也会很简单。参考例文：What is clearly presented in the above chart is the different numbers of urban residents and rural population among 1990,2000 and 2010.The number of urban residents climbed steadily from 300 million in 1990 to 660 million or so in 2010，while rural population decreased slightly from about 820