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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 培生学堂八年级下Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.Section A1. You should help to clean up the city parks.Clean up 意为 “ 完全打扫；清除”,是 “ 动词 +副词 ” 结构的短语动词,后面跟名词作宾格时,名词放在 up 前后均可,后面跟代词作宾格时,代词应当放在 up 前面；e.g. He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.2. The girl could
2、visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.Cheer up 意为 “ 变得更兴奋,兴奋起来 动词短语,也可以作不及物动词短语”,是 “动词 +副词 ” 结构的短语, cheer up 既可以作及物e.g. He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him.Cheer up. The news isnt too bad.He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.【拓展】1）cheer 作不及物动词,意为“ 欢呼；喝彩 ”e.g. The girl
3、s cheered as the famous singer arrived.2 cheer 作及物动词,意为“为 欢呼,高呼 ”e.g. The whole village turned out to cheer the hero3 cheer 作可数名词,意为“欢呼声,喝彩声”e.g. We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym.4 cheer on 意为 “ 为 加油 ”e.g. We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and ch
4、eer us on ？【现学现练】He failed in the math test and looks sad. Lets _D. clean him upA. put him up B. set him up C. cheer him up 3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.Give out 意为 “ 散发,分发 ” ,相当于 “hand out, 是“ 动词 +副词 ” 的短语动词e.g. Can you give out the drinks out, please.【拓展】Give out 的不同含义：1）give ou
5、t 表示 “发出（光、热、声音、气味等）e.g. The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.2 give out 表示 “用完,耗尽 ”e.g. Our food supplies began to give out.4. The girl could volunteer in an after -school study program to teach kids.Volunteer 动词,意为 “理想做,义务做” ,后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语e.g. Jenny volunteered to clean up the room af
6、ter party.【拓展】Volunteer 作可数名词,意为“ 理想者 ”e.g. Can I have a volunteer to collect the glasses._精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 培生学堂 八年级下5. We cant put off making a planPut off 意为 “ 推迟 ”,是 “动词 +副词 ” 的短语动词,其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语e.g. They put off the match because of the heavy rain.Plea
7、se dont put off doing your homework.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.【拓展】由 put 构成的常见短语有：Put away 将 收起来put on 穿上；上演No Parkingput down 放下；登记Put out 熄灭；伸出put back 放回原处put up 张贴；搭建6. Lets make some notices, too”Notice 此处作可数名词,意为“ 公告牌；通告；布告”e.g. There is a notice on the wall, saying “I l
8、l put up a notice about the meeting.【拓展】1）notice 作不行数名词,意为“ 留意 ”e.g. Take notice of what they say.2 notice 作动词,意为 “留意到,留心,看到”e.g. Did you notice Jack come in .7. They told me stories about the past and how things used to beUsed to 意为 “过去 , 曾经 ”,后跟动词原形,表示“过去常常做某事” ,指表示过去和现在的对比,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态e.g. He
9、used to work in the hospital.He didn t use to walk after supper.【拓展】1 be used to do sth. 意为 “ 被用于做某事 ”,不定式表目的e.g. The book is used to teach us how to write.2 be used for + n./ v.ing 表示 “ 被用于 ”e.g. A stamp is used for sending letters.3 get/be used to doing sth.e.g. He is used to eating out all the ti
10、me.8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.Lonely 是形容词,充当表语,指“ 孤独的 ” ,用于人时,表示一种心理状态,突出内心孤独寂寞的感觉,侧重缺少同伴友情而感到孤独、孤寂；含愁闷之意；e.g. He felt very lonely without his friends.9. give up several hours each week to help others.Several 作形容词,意为“ 几个,数个 ” ,修饰可数名词复数 e.g. Several days later, Grandma came to the librar
11、y to borrow some books.【拓展】Several 作代词,意为 “几个,数个 ”_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 培生学堂 八年级下e.g. Excuse me, have you got any books about sports.- Yes, weve got several.Several of us went there.10. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animal get better
12、and the look of joy on their owners faces.1 Feeling 在此用作可数名词,意为“感觉；感受 ”e.g. Ive got a bad feeling.It was a great feeling when a wild animal shows you affection.Feel 仍可用作连系动词,意为“ 觉得,感觉到 ”e.g. I felt very tired after running.2 satisfaction 为不行数名词,意为“中意,满意 ”,其反义词是dissatisfaction.e.g. She smiled in sati
13、sfaction.【拓展】Satisfaction （名词,中意）- satisfy （动词,使中意）- satisfied （形容词,中意的）1 be satisfied to do sth. 意为 “ 对做某事感到中意”e.g. He was satisfied to win the match.2 be satisfied with 意为 “对 感到中意 ”e.g. She was not satisfied with the result.3 joy 在此用作不行数名词,意为“ 兴奋；开心 ”e.g. Life is always full of joy.He jumped up wi
14、th joy.4 owner 可数名词,意为“物主,主人 ”e.g. He is the owner of the car.【拓展】1 own 形容词,意为 “自己的 ”,一般用于形容词性物主代词或名词全部格之后以加强语气；e.g. I saw it with my own eyes.2 own 及物动词,意为“ 有；拥有 ” ,相当于 have.e.g. He owns a big house.3 of ones own. 意为 “属于某人自己的”re going oe.g. At last Ive got a big house of my own.11. The kids are sit
15、ting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that theyjourney with each new book.Journey 意为 “旅行；行程 ”,可数名词,一般指长途旅行e.g. Life is a long journey from birth to death. 12. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.Sick 形容词,意为 “生病的；有病的” ,其反义词为
16、well.e.g. His sister was sick with a cold.Sick 作形容词时,仍可表示“ （想）呕吐的,恶心的”e.g. I always feel sick when I travel by ship.The smell makes him sick._精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 培生学堂 八年级下【拓展】Sick 与 ill 的辨析：Sick 指“生病 ”时主要用于英式英语,可作定语也可作表语,表示 e.g. He is a sick man.He began to feel
17、 sick as soon as the ship started to move.Ill 指“生病 ”时,主要用于美式英语,只用作表语,一般不作定语 e.g. He is ill and stays in bed.“ 恶心；呕吐 ” 时只用作表语13. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.Raise 作及物动词,意为“筹集；征集 ”e.g. They want to raise enough money for buil
18、ding a school.【拓展】 raise 的其他用法：1 作及物动词,意为“ 举起,抬起 ”e.g. Please raise your hands.2 作及物动词,意为“ 种植 ”e.g. Their family raised a lot of corn.3 作及物动词,意为“ 饲养,供养 ”e.g. She likes to raise a dog.14. I want to travel alone.Alone 作副词,意为 “ 单独地；独自地”e.g. He likes living alone.1 alone 作副词,用在名词或代词之后,意为“只有；仅仅 ”e.g. He
19、alone understands me.2 alone 作形容词,意为“ 独自的；单独的”e.g. She was alone in the dark room.【拓展】Alone 与 lonely 辨析Alone 表示 “单独的；肚子的” ,指一个人或事物与其他的人或事物分开,不含感情颜色；e.g. He is alone in the classroomLonely 表示 “ 孤独的,孤寂的”,指人时含有浓重的感情颜色,即因缺少伴侣、怜悯、亲情而产生的一种孤独、哀痛和愁闷的感情；e.g. She has few friends here and feels lonely.Section
20、B1. Ive run out of it.Run out of 是 “动词 +副词 +介词 ” 的短语, of 后接宾语,主语通常是表示“ 人” 的名词,也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器等,意为“ 用完了 ”e.g. Ive run out of paper.【拓展】1 run out of 可表示 “ 从 跑出来 ” 的意思e.g. The dog run out of the room._精品资料_ 2 run out 是“动词 +副词 ” 结构的不及物动词短语,意为“用完,用完 ”,主语通常是表示“时第 4 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - -
21、 - - - 培生学堂 八年级下间、金钱 ”等无生命的东西；e.g. All the money ran out by me.3 sth. run out 表示 “某物用完了,用完了”e.g. Our food will soon run out.2. I take after my mother.Take after 意为 “ 像；与 相像 ” ,指由于血缘关系而在外貌、to, 其中 after 是介词,其后常接名词或代词e.g. Your daughter doesnt take after you at all.【拓展】1 look like 意为 “ 看上去像 ”,多指外貌e.g. Y
22、ou look like my brother.2 be like 意为 “ 像 ”, 可指外貌,也可指性格e.g. What is your sister like.3. I repaired it.Repair 及物动词,意为“修理,修补,修缮（房屋）”e.g. He repairs old furniture.辨析： repair, mend 与 fix性格等方面相像, 相当于 be similar 1 repair 比 fix 和 mend 更正式,常用于表示修补破旧或有洞的东西 e.g. Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.2
23、 mend 着重修补衣服上的洞、道路、屋顶或围栏等 e.g. My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.3 fix 侧重于 “安装 ” ,有时也用作 “修理 ”,常用于指修理机器、车辆等 e.g. The workers are fixing the machine.4. Im similar to her.1 similar 形容词,意为 “相像的；相仿的”e.g. My best friend and I have similar hobbies.2 be similar to 意为 “与 相像 /相仿 ”e.g. My new dress is
24、similar to yours.【拓展】Be similar in sth. 意为 “ 在某方面相像 /相仿 ”e.g. The two buildings are similar in style.5. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li.1 letter 可数名词, “信,函 ”e.g. Tom, here is a letter for you.2 write the letter to sb. 相当于 write to sb. 意为 “给某人写信 ”e.g. I am writing the letter to my friend Do you often
25、 write to your friends.【拓展】1 receive a letter from sb. 与 hear from sb. 同义,意为 “ 收到某人的来信”e.g. I often hear from my friends._精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 培生学堂 八年级下2 letter 作可数名词,表示“ 字母 ”的意思e.g. Write down these letters, please.6. Im sure you know that this group was set up
26、to help disabled people like me.Disabled 形容词,意为 “ 丢失才能的,有残疾的” ,它是动词 disable（使 丢失才能）加后缀ed 构成的e.g. We should help disabled people.It s important to make fun of a disabled man.7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Make a difference to 意为 “对 产生影响 ” ,difference 前面可加修饰词,如 big, great 等, to是介词,其后可接名词、代
27、词或动名词e.g. Education can make a big difference to the quality of a persons life.The accident has made a great difference to his life.【拓展】Make no difference 意为 “对 没有影响 ”e.g. It makes no difference to me.8. Or imagine you cant walk or use your hands easily.Imagine 动词,意为 “ 想象,设想 ” ,其后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句e.g.
28、 Can you imagine life on the moon.I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.9/ Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulities.Difficulity作名词,意为 “ 困难；难题 ”,其形容词为difficult ,意为 “ 困难的 ”【拓展】1 Difficulty表示抽象意义上的“困难 ” 时,是不行数名词e.g. Bad plann
29、ing will lead to difficulty later.2 have difficulty in doing sth. 表示 “ 在做某事方面有困难”e.g. I had great difficulty in doing the work.10. Opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me .1 open 动词,意为 “ 打开,张开 ” ,反义词为 closee.g. open the window, open your mouthOpen 与 turn on 辨析：Open 指将原先关着的
30、东西打开,turn on 指转动或推上开关等打开2 carry 及物动词,意为“ 拿,提,扛 ”e.g. He always carries a small box in his hand.Carry, bring, take 的用法辨析：Carry 不表示动作的方向,一般指随身携带,如“扛、提、运 ” 等e.g. Please carry the bag for me.Bring 指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方e.g. Bring the book to me, please.Take 指把人或物从说话者的地方带到别处去e.g. Take my box to the room._精品资
31、料_ - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 培生学堂 八年级下【拓展】Open 仍可用作形容词,主要用法如下：1 开着的,反义词为 closed e.g. All the doors are open.2 开张的,营业的 e.g. The shop is open from 9am to 6am.3 开放的 e.g. Our country is open to the world now.11. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out1 a friend o
32、f mine 指“ 我的一位伴侣 ”,是双重全部格,相当于 2 help sb. out 指“帮忙某人摆脱困境；帮忙某人解决难题”e.g. Help them out as possible as you can.12. I was excited about the idea of having a dog.one of my friends.1 excited 形容词, 意为 “兴奋的, 兴奋的 ”,可作表语或定语, 作表语时, 主语一般是表示“ 人”的名词或代词；作定语时,一般修饰表示“人 ”的名词或代词e.g. Tom was excited after hearing of the
33、good news.The excited children are opening their presents.Excited 与 exciting 的用法辨析：Excited 意为 “ 兴奋的,兴奋的”,多用于修饰人；exciting 意为 “使人兴奋的,刺激的”,修饰物e.g. The boy was excited when he heard the exciting news.2 be excited about 意为 “对 感到兴奋、兴奋”e.g. I was excited about going to the zoo.13. Lucky is very clever and
34、understands many English words.Understand 既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,意为“懂得；领悟；明白”e.g. Do you understand me.He doesn t understand English.【拓展】1） understand 后可接从句：e.g. I understand youre going to teach American Chinese.2 make oneself understood 意为 “让某人明白自己的意思”e.g. I cant make myself understood in English.单元练习.单
35、项填空（ 30 分）21.Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer.A.swimB.to swimC.swimmingD.swam22.The father is creative enough so many nice toys for his daughter._精品资料_ A.buyingB.makingC.to buyD.to makeD.swim第 7 页,共 12 页23.I often saw the boys in the river.C.to swimA.swamB.swimming- - - - -
36、 - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 培生学堂 八年级下24.It takes me two hours my homework every day.A.doing B.to do C.did D.does25.The glass of water is too hot. Would you please give me some cold water .A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drunk26.Its easy the problem.A.for him solve B.for him to solve C.of him solv
37、ing D.of him to solve27. is not easy to look after a little baby.A.The B.What C.It D.How28.I hope you next Sunday.A.see B.to see C.sees D.seeing29.Uncle Ted was very rich. But now h e has no place to .A.live B. l ive on C.live in D.live with30. Could you please pass me the book. A.Yes, I could. B.No
38、, I couldnt.C.Sure, here you are. D.No, thats no problem.31. What are you doing, Uncle Wang. I m sorting out old books and I to kids in West China.A.give them up B.give them away C.give them off D.give them in32.We found necessary to protect animals in danger.A.it B.this C.that D./33.You should smok
39、ing. Its bad for your health.A.get up B.put up C.give up D.look up34.Thank you for your ,otherwise I couldnt finish my study.A.kind B.kindly C.kindness D.kinds35.He is strong football.A.in play B.in playing C.at play D.at playing.完形填空（ 10 分）One day, Peter had a fight with one of his classmates. Then
40、 he went to his grandfather and told him his story 36 . “He is really bad,”the boy said,“and I him. ”The grandfather said, 38 “ me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did.”As Peter 39 carefully, the grandfather went on.“There are always two tigers inside m
41、y heart. One is 40 and kind. He gets on well 41 everything around him. But 42 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He cant think carefully he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers ins
42、ide my heart. They both try to control （掌握） me.”_精品资料_ - - - - - - -Peter looked into his grandfather44 and asked,“ 45 tiger always controls you, Grandfather.”The old man said slowly and seriously,“The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom（很少） get
43、angry now.”36.A.happilyB.friendlyC.hardlyD.angrily37.A.loveB.hateC.knowD.enjoy38.A.MakeB.HelpC.LetD.Ask39.A.sawB.feltC.talkedD.listened第 8 页,共 12 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 培生学堂八年级下B.badC.lazyD.quiet40.A.good41.A.atB.onC.withD.about42.A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.the other43.A.becauseB.thoughC.beforeD
44、.but44.A.eyesB.earsC.noseD.mouth45.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhereD.When.阅读懂得（ 20分）Have you ever been to Taiwan, the biggest island of China. Do you want tovisit there. Weshow you the best Taiwan Island.On a four -day tour.Price: Only ￥ 5,000Including: Round -way plane tickets between Beijing and Taiwan.Bus service around Taiwan. Best tour guide service.PlacesSun and Moon Lake A beautiful lake. A small island. On one side of the island, the lake looks like the sun, on the other side it