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1、-虚拟语气用法归纳00295-第 6 页 虚拟语气用法归纳英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。一、 虚拟条件句条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。If you dont work hard, you will fail.If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形
2、式与过去事实相反的假设had donewould/could/might/should have done与现在事实相反的假设过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do与将来事实相反的假设过去时 (waswere ) ; should do;were to dowould/could/might/should doWhat would you do if you won the lottery?If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. If I had a lot of money now,
3、I would travel around the world.If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen her.If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, our plan would be put off.If we were to picnic, we would not be able
4、to help.二、错综、混合虚拟语气通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy no
5、w.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)3. Had you followed the doctors suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 4. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设)5. You didnt let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldnt be so tired now. (从句是对过去的
6、假设，主句是对现在的假设)6. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)三、含蓄虚拟语气虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句 (考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。But for your en
7、couragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. （过去）Without water, all lives would die. （现在）He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. （过去）I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. （过去）四、虚名词性从句的虚拟语气含有should +V的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主
8、语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议(suggest, advise, recommend)，四个要求(ask, require, demand, request)。1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气 He insisted that the meeting be put off.The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave.He gives orders that the soldiers (should
9、) leave. 2. 表语从句的虚拟语气My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.3. 同位语从句的虚拟语气There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.4. 主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况： Its +p.p +that ； Its + adj. +that； Its + n. +that常用的动词recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command常用的形容词impor
10、tant, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential常用的名词duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思Its important that you should take the medicine.Its a pity that you should refuse the invitation.Its essential tha
11、t we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.Its demanded that all the students should go to the playground. It was suggested that he should join the club activities.5. It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句，it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。I consider it vital that he (should) think deepl
12、y before acting.We think it necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.6. 某些词语如suggest, insist 等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.We insisted that what the boy did was wrong. 五虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用，主要有两种情况：I. would rather, Its time, for fear that
13、would rather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身would rather可以直接接动词原形，构成would rather do sth. (than do sth.else); 或者would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虚拟语气的would rather 是这样使用的would rather sb. did(对现在或将来的假设)/ had done(对过去的假设)I would rather he didnt go now.They would rather they hadnt attended the party. Its (about)
14、 (high) time (that)从句中常用过去式(有时也用should do), 含建议的意思。汉语的意思为“是该做的时候了”，也等于Its time for sb. to do sth. Its high time (that) we went home.Its high time that we (should) go home.Its high time for us to go home.for fear that 后面可以接虚拟语气should do，也可以接其他语气，但依然会有一个情态动词。I will not make a noise for fear that I sho
15、uld / might disturd you.II. wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If only这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式主要有三种wish sb. did(对现在的虚拟); wish sb. had done(对过去的虚拟); wish sb. would do (对将来的虚拟).偶尔在对过去的虚拟时，也会出现wish sb. would have done的情况。I wish I knew what was going to happen.She wished she had stayed
16、at home.I wish I would have seen her last night.此时要注意表示语气很强时用How sb. Wish+ clause, 其用法同上。如果要用was依然换成were.How I wish I were a bird.as if/ though出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况：主句+as if/ though引导的状语从句； seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though引导的表语从句。主句+as if/ though引导的状语从句：主句+as if/ though+主语+did/ were(对现在的假设)；主句+as if/ thoug
17、h+主语+could/ would do(对将来的假设)；主句+as if/ though+主语+had done(对过去的假设)seem/ look/ smell等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。 She talks as if she knew everything.He behaved as if nothing had happened.注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况If only引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。形式为：用过去式或者would/ could do, 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望； 用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。If only he were here!If on
18、ly you would listen to our advise!If only I had not been busy last week!If only 也可以用于虚拟条件从句中，如：If only I had more money, I could buy a car!六、虚拟语气测试题I用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.If you _(follow) the doctor, you_(be) all right now.2. If we _(drive) the car by turns, you_(not be) so tired now.3. If I _ (be) you, I
19、_( not miss) that opportunity.4. If they _(start) in the early morning, they _(arrive) soon5.If you _(take) an umbrella, you_(not be) wet now.6. Without water, there _(be) no living things.7. But for your help, we _(not finish) the work.8. The young man insisted that he _(do) nothing wrong and _(set
20、) free.9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _(be) all right now.10. look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I _(follow) your advice.II.单项选择 。1. If I had enough time, I _ it better next time .A. will doB. have doneC. didD. would do 2. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa
21、instead of flying last summer.A.wasB.had been C.should be D.would be 3. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden .A. hadB. have hadC. will haveD. had had 4. Sorry , I am too busy now . If I _ time , I would certainly go for an outing with you .A. hadB. have hadC. had hadD. hav
22、e5. I _ through that bitter period without your generous help .A. wouldnt have goneB. didnt goC. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone6. - He will come tomorrow . - But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow .A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come7. What would have happened , _ as far as the river bank ?A.
23、 Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walked farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday . I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .A. should have taken B. could have takenC. mustnt have taken D. neednt have taken9. You _ much bett
24、er now if you had taken the doctors advice .A. would be B. would have been C. will be D. should be 10. _ myself to my study , I would be sitting in a comfortable table office now .A. If I devoted B. Should I devote C. Would I devote D. Had I devoted11. _ it rain tomorrow , we would have to put off t
25、he visit to Zhonshan Bridge .A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will12. If he _ my advice , he wouldnt have lost his job .A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow13. _ no air or water , there would be no life in the world .A. Were there B. There are C. There was D. Is there14. Its hig
26、h time that your daughter _ to school .A. would be sent B. must be sentC. should be sentD. is sent15. It is necessary that these exercise books _ as soon as possible .A. are handed inB. would be handed in C. will be handed in D. be handed in16. Mr.Green requires that the students _ a composition eve
27、ry other week .A. writeB. writtenC. would write D. will write17. But for the help of my English teacher , I _ the first prize in the English writing composition .A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would winD. would have won18. Brown had intended to take a job in business , but _ that plan after
28、 the unpleasant experience in America in 2011.A. had abandonedB. has abandonedC. abandonedD. will abandonIII根据汉语提示， 用括号中的单词完成句子。1. 要是他按照医生要求的那样静静地躺着， 他现在就不那样受罪了。If he had lain quietly as the doctor instructed, he _ so much now. ( suffer )2. 现在已经12点了， 难道你不认为我们该回家了吗？Its already 12 oclock now, Dont you
29、 think its about time we _ home ? ( go )3. 我昨天得了重感冒，否则，我就会完成作业了。I had a bad cold yesterday, otherwise, I _ my homework. ( finish )4. 要不是因为英语考试， 我上周日就会去听音乐会。But for the English examination, I _ to the concert last night. ( go )5. 要不是因为她不会唱歌，我就邀请她参加聚会了。If it _ the fact that she cant sing. I _ my homew
30、ork. ( be )6. 即使太阳从西边升起，我对你的爱也不会变。If the sun were to rise in the west, my love for you _ .( change )7. 仔细想想，Michel的医生坚持认为他伤得很重，坚决要求他立刻动手术。After careful examination, Michels doctor insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ on at once.( operate )8. 如果不是空气吸收了太阳的部分热量，夜晚地球会非常冷，不适合我们居住。Without the air hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ for us to live on.( too )9. 我宁愿你明天去买书。I would rather you _ to buy books tomorrow. (go)10.他谈起来好像他已经知道了这个秘密。He talked as if he _ the secret.(know)