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1、-考研_英语词汇词根词缀大全完全版-第 5 页考研英语英语词汇词根词缀大全.常见的后缀1. 常见的名词后缀(1)表示“人和物”-an American historian-ian Italian Canadian politician-ant assistant accountant participant-ent student president resident-ee employee trainee attendee-er writer speaker waiter-or actor conductor sailor-ess waitress hostess actress-ist s
2、ocialist novelist scientist(2)表示“性质、状态、动作、行为”的抽象名词-ability suitability probability-ibility possibility responsibility-age marriage shortage carriage-al arrival refusal revival survival-ance acceptance importance distance ignorance-ence dependence existence difference conference-dom freedom wisdom se
3、ldom-ery slavery bravery discovery robbery-hood childhood adulthood neighborhood-ion election construction conduction-ition composition competition-ation modernization civilization alteration-ism pessimism optimism socialism-ment movement government encouragement- 276 -ness kindness carelessness-shi
4、p friendship leadership relationship-ure exposure failure measure leisure2. 常见的动词后缀表示“使(成为)” “使化”-ate circulate decorate regulate alternate-en strengthen weaken broaden widen lighten-ify classify simplify specify qualify certify-ize realize organize criticize recognize-ish Astonish cherish establish
5、 finish punish polish vanish accomplish abolish3. 常见的形容词后缀(1)表示“具有性质的”-al national cultural natural-an American republican-ian Italian Canadian Christian-ant pleasant resistant distant constant-ent different confident excellent-ary necessary imaginary customary-ory compulsory contradictory-ate consi
6、derate fortunate-ese Chinese Taiwanese Cantonese-ic heroic poetic economic-some troublesome handsome quarrelsome(2)表示“充满或缺乏”-free duty-free carefree worry-free-ful hopeful useful wonderful helpful-less hopeless useless needless-(i)ous dangerous various anxious serious-y rainy dirty hairy(3)表示“类似”- 2
7、77 -ish childish stylish greenish-like childlike businesslike-ly brotherly friendly deadly(4)表示“主、被动”意义-able comfortable capable portable disable-ible responsible sensible visible-ive negative positive passive decisive(5)表示“方向”-ward downward backward forward westward upward4. 常见的副词后缀-ly successfully
8、 strongly quickly angrily slowly-ward(s) downwards eastwards-wise clockwise likewise otherwise.常见的前缀1. 表示“否定或逆转”de- defeat defend define deformdis- disappear disagree disorder disgustin- incorrect inactive incapable inaccurateil- illegal illogical illiberalim- impossible immature imperfect impatient
9、ir- irregular irrelevant irresponsiblemis- misuse mislead misunderstandingnon- non-stop nonsense non-violenceun- unhappy unlucky unpleasant2. 表示“时间顺序”ex- ex-president ex-wife ex-husbandfore- foretell forehead foresee forecastmid- middle midfield midnight midterm- 278 -post- post-war postgraduate pos
10、tponepre- prepare prepay premature predictre- recall repair rebuild rewrite3. 表示“方向或位置”ex- export exclude expel exertin- invade include indicate indoor infectim- import immigrate imitate impact impairinter- international interactive interchangesub- subway subsequent subtitletele- telephone telescope
11、 telecommunicationtrans- transparent transport transplant translate4. 表示“程度、大小或差别”macro- macroeconomicsmicro- microscope Microsoft micro-ovenmini- minibus miniskirt minimumover- overwork overuse overhearsuper- supermarket superpower superb superstarunder- underdeveloped underestimate underline under
12、minevice- vice-president vice-principal5. 表示“数量”bi- bicycle bimonthly bilingual bilateralkilo- kilometer kilogram kilohertz kilowattmono- monolingual monologue monopolymulti- multiple multifunctional multinationalsemi- semifinal semiconductor semiconscioustri- triangle tricycle triple trilateraluni-
13、 unicycle unique universal uniform6. 变换词类的前缀be- befriend belittle behead- 279 -en- enable endanger enjoy enlarge endear enrich ensureem- embrace employ embitter embody embezzle.常见的词根audi=hear audience auditorium audible auditionced(cess)=go Precede proceed process successorsuccessive recede exceed e
14、xcesscept=take except exception exceptional accept acceptance acceptableintercept reception deception concept conception receptivecircle encircle semicircle circular circulate circulation circumstanceclud(clus)=close,shut exclude exclusive include inclusive concludeconclusion elude (decide, decisive
15、, decision)cord=heart record recorder concord concordant accord accordant discordcred=believe, trust credit credible discredit incredible credulous incredulouscur(curs, cour)=run occur occurrence current currency course recur recurrentdict(dic)=say contradict dictate predict prediction indicate indi
16、cation dictionaryduc(duct)=lead educate introduce introduction conductproduct reduce reduction deducefer=bring, carry conference confer differ differentoffer prefer preferable transfer deferfus=pour refuse refusal confuse confusion transfuse transfusionject=throw project inject reject rejection subj
17、ectsubjective object objective ejectlog=speak dialogue dialog apology apologize monologue logicmedi=middle Immediate immediately mediummultimedia intermediate medievalmemor=memory memory memorize memo memorablememorial commemorate remembermini=small, little minimum minimize diminish minus minor mini
18、skirt minoritymiss(mit)=send missile dismiss emit promise compromise commit submit- 280 -mot=move motion motive motivate promote promotion demote remotepel=push, drive propel expel repel repulsion repulsive compel impelpend(pens)=hang depend dependent independent suspend suspensionport=carry portabl
19、e import export transporttransportation support supportivepos=put expose compose composition composerpropose proposal oppose opposite disposedisposal pose position purpose depositrupt=break rupture interrupt interruption disruptbankrupt corrupt erupt eruptionsent(sens)=feel sense sensation sentiment
20、al consent consensusresent sensible sensitive nonsense assent sentencesist=stand resist resistant consist consistent assist assistantexist existent insist insistent persist persistentspect(spec)=look spectacle prospect inspect expect respect suspectsuspicious spectator special specify specific specu
21、latetain(ten, tin)=hold contain obtain sustain maintain continue continualcontinuous attain mountain fountain Britain curtain certaintend(tens,tent)=stretchextend extension extensive (extended family)extent ( reading) attend attendant attentionattentive content contest contestant (participant)tend t
22、ent tension tense pretend intend intensive ( reading)tract=draw tractor attract attractive contract abstract (concrete)extract subtract distract distraction distracted distractingven=come invent invention prevent preventionconventional event eventualvert(vers)=turn advertise anniversary divert diverse diversify diversityrevert reverse introvert extrovert convertversatile controversial invert avertvis(vid)=see vision visible visit advise advisable revisesupervise visa evident evidence provide video