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1、-考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析5-第 14 页Text 1The United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles. Indeed, some of the most enduring debates of American economic history focus on the relative roles of the public and private sectors.The Americ
2、an free enterprise system emphasizes private ownership. Private businesses produce most goods and services, and almost two-thirds of the nations total economic output goes to individuals for personal use (the remaining one-third is bought by government and business). The consumer role is so great, i
3、n fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “consumer economy.”This emphasis on private ownership arises, in part, from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was created, Americans have feared excessive government power, and they have sought to limit go
4、vernments authority over individualsincluding its role in the economic realm. In addition, Americans generally believe that an economy characterized by private ownership is likely to operate more efficiently than one with substantial government ownership.When economic forces are unfettered, American
5、s believe, supply and demand determine the prices of goods and services. Prices, in turn, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of a particular goods than the economy is producing, the price of the goods rises. That catches the attention of new or other companies that, sensing an oppo
6、rtunity to earn profits, start producing more of that goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing different goods.There are limits to free enterprise, however. Americans have always believed that
7、some services are better performed by public rather than private enterprise. For instance, in the United States, government is primarily responsible for the administration of justice, education, the road system, and national defense.In this mixed economy, individuals can help guide the economy not o
8、nly through the choices they make as consumers but through the votes they cast for officials who shape economic policy. In recent years, consumers have voiced concerns about product safety, environmental threats posed by certain industrial practices, and potential health risks citizens may face; gov
9、ernment has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare.1. In Line 1, Para. 4, the expression “economic forces are unfettered” means .A prices are determined by consumersB supply and demand are allowed to operate freelyC economic regulations ar
10、e not enforcedD the economy is growing2. The last paragraph tells us that.A a mixed economy is guided by both individual citizens and the governmentB the role of the government in a mixed economy is more important than that of the consumerC individual Americans can influence the economy in multiple
11、waysD the government does not regard the concerns of individual citizens3. According to the text, the U.S. is sometimes called a “consumer economy” because.A most goods and services are produced by consumersB privately owned business plays a major role in the economyC individual consumption plays a
12、major role in the economyD consumers rights are very important in the U.S.4. This text is mainly about.A how average Americans view their economic systemB the role of the government in the American economyC how supply and demand determine prices in the American economyD the roles of the public and p
13、rivate sectors in the American economy5. From the first sentence of the third paragraph, we learn that.A American political beliefs have influenced its economic systemB Americans fear excessive governmental control of the economyC private ownership is important because of American beliefs in persona
14、l freedomD personal freedom is the basis for private ownership in the U.S.Text 2The Internet began in the 1960s as a small network of academic and government computers primarily involved in research for the U.S. military. Originally limited to researchers at a handful of universities and government
15、facilities, the Internet has quickly become a worldwide network providing users with information on a range of subjects and allowing them to purchase goods directly from companies via computer. By 1999, 84 million U.S. citizens had access to the Internet at home or work. More and more Americans are
16、paying bills, shopping, ordering airline tickets, and purchasing stocks via computer over the Internet.Internet banking is also becoming increasingly popular. With lower overhead costs in terms of staffing and office space, Internet banks are able to offer higher interest rates on deposits and charg
17、e lower rates on loans than traditional banks. “Brick and mortar banks are increasingly offering online banking services via transactional websites to complement their traditional services. At present, 14 percent of Internet households conduct their banking by means of the Internet, and the figure i
18、s expected to double or triple during the next two or three years.Increasing commercial use of the Internet has heightened security and privacy concerns. With a credit or debit card, an Internet user can order almost anything from an Internet site and have it delivered to their home or office. Compa
19、nies doing business over the Internet need sophisticated security measures to protect credit card, bank account, and social security numbers from unauthorized access as they pass across the Internet. Any organization that connects its networks to the global Internet must carefully control the access
20、 point to ensure that outsiders cannot disrupt the organizations internal networks or gain unauthorized access to the organizations computer systems and data. 6. According to the text, Internet banking.A requires minimal usage feesB offers price advantages to usersC is more efficient than traditiona
21、l bankingD is environmentally-conscious7. The term “brick and mortar banks” (Line 3, Para.2) refers to .A banks with dependable reputationsB banks with competitive interest ratesC banks with traditional walk-in servicesD banks with reliable on-line services8. The last sentence of the third paragraph
22、 tells us that.A any organizations networks may be at risk of security breachesB current technology cannot safeguard against unauthorized access to online networksC information security should be a pressing concern for Internet commerceD organizations must secure their networks and data against unau
23、thorized use9. What is this text mainly about?A Conveniences brought to consumers through use of the Internet.B Implications of increasing commercial use of the Internet.C Security risks posed by commercial use of the Internet.D Advantages of Internet banking versus traditional banking.10. Which com
24、mercial usage of the Internet does the author NOT refer to?A Buying airline tickets.B Trading stocks.C Applying for a credit card.D Opening a bank account.Text 3Some of todays most cutting-edge technology is now being used to help students with special needs. No longer just the province of games for
25、 “video needs, virtual reality has come into its own as a tool for special education teachers and therapists. As such, it is used for assessment, teaching, and practice, according to Skip Rizzo, research assistant/professor at the University of Southern California. For example, virtual reality has b
26、een used effectively to assess students depth perception, with the results being quite different from those obtained from traditional paper and pencil tests. It is also used to help students gain transition skills: Students with autism or developmental delay can visit a virtual supermarket, take pub
27、lic transportation, cross the street, or organize his or her day. Students in wheelchairs can learn how to navigate buildings. And the beauty is, these students can make any number of mistakes without endangering themselves. In fact, one of the biggest virtues of virtual reality is that it allows st
28、udents to learn in a safe environment, and this holds true for students with behavior disorders. After a student has learned an appropriate behavior or way of controlling his or her anger, the student is put in progressively more difficult virtual social situations where he or she can practice the n
29、ew technique. And it is expected that future teachers will be exposed to virtual classes, complete with “difficult students” to help them master behavior management techniques. Virtual reality even allows us to tailor the world to meet a childs needs. Lets say were teaching a child to cross the stre
30、et by paying attention to traffic signs. Educators have found that it is often difficult for the child to locate the traffic sign in a busy environment. With virtual reality, we can blow up the “walk sign so the student knows what it looks like. Then we gradually begin shrinking the sign and adding
31、other environmental elements. Once the student has mastered this virtually, he or she transfers the knowledge to the real world. In the end, this is the most important function of virtual reality programs for special students.11. In Line 2, Par. 1, the word “province” means.A technologyB domainC bas
32、isD region12. Virtual reality can help future teachers learn.A how to assess students skill levelsB how to respond to individual students needsC how to deal with students who misbehaveD how to run an orderly classroom13. This text mainly deals with.A The importance of using virtual reality in specia
33、l educationB The applications of virtual reality for special studentsC The advantages of virtual reality over conventional special education methodsD The potential role of virtual reality in special education14. Which group does the author NOT suggest might benefit from virtual reality applications
34、to education?A students with mental illnessB students with behavioral disordersC students with physical handicapsD students with developmental problems15. According to the text, what is the ultimate purpose of virtual reality in education?A to give special students a chance to experience life in the
35、 outside worldB to train teachers to work with students with special needsC to allow special students to learn life-skills in a safe environmentD to prepare special students to transition into mainstream societyText 4In todays world, racial, ethnic, and national categories no longer impose fixed bar
36、riers or unbending traditions. This is not to say that these categories have disappeared. Rather, they are mixing and interacting in new ways . The hybrid nature of todays society is a valuable resource that companies and businesses should tap into in their quest to innovate.The ability to apply kno
37、wledge to new situations is the most valued currency in todays economy. More than ever, creativity rewards those who exercise it, so curiosity about the source of creativity has never been higher. How creativity comes about is a riddle, but a few things seem clear. Highly creative people dont necess
38、arily excel in raw brainpower. They are misfits on some level. They tend to question accepted views and to consider contradictory ones. The implications are plain to see: Divergent thinking is an essential ingredient of creativity. Diverse groups produce diverse thinking. Therefore, diversity promot
39、es creativity. This logic applies to corporations, research teams, think tanks, and other groups of creators. Those who rely on a team of diverse people are more likely to innovate than those who rely on platoons of similar people. To be sure, hybridity poses risks. A hybrid person may lose himself
40、in a jumble of affiliations. A hybrid nation may botch the process of reinvention. Still, the price of such errors seems lower than the cost of circling the ethnic wagons and either shutting out people who are different or forcing them to become “one of us. Never before have so many people married a
41、cross racial and ethnic lines. Never before have so many people left their homelands for work or pleasure. Never before have so many people touched or tasted the clothes, foods, musical styles, and ideas of cultures not available to them in their youth. These people are not becoming phantoms or dile
42、ttantes. Rather, they are part of an outpouring of human creativity that is being driven by radical mixing. “You cannot spill a drop of American blood, Herman Melville wrote in 1849, “without spilling the blood of the whole world. More than ever, Melvilles declaration applies not only to America, bu
43、t to all nations. 16. The authors attitude towards mixing of cultures is one of.A unrestricted enthusiasmB eager advocacyC genuine concernD satisfied approval17. According to the text, people are curious about sources of creativity because.A creativity is profitableB creativity is a basic human inst
44、inctC creativity is directly related to diversityD creative thought is valued by almost everybody18. In the fourth paragraph, the term “botch most likely means .A complicateB err inC excel atD flourish in19. The author suggests of current times that.A without diversity, creativity would ceaseB the g
45、rowth of the economy depends on a diverse workforceC businesses can gain from the diversityD todays creative individual does best in business20. This text is mainly about.A the significance of diversity to creative thoughtB the advantages of diversity for innovative businessesC the impact of an incr
46、easingly multicultural society on the economyD the advantages and disadvantages of diversityText 1词汇注释enduring in5djuEriN a. 持续的，长久的sector 5sektE n. 部门enterprise 5entEpraiz n. 企业characterize 5kArIktEraIz v. 以为特点， 有特点arise E5raiz v. 起源于，由引起； 形成excessive ik5sesiv adj. 过度的authority C:5WCriti n. 管辖权；权力；
47、权威realm relm n. 领域in addition 除此以外，另外efficient i5fiFEnt a. 有效率的substantial sEb5stAnFEl a. 基本上的；大量的unfettered 5Qn5fetEd a. 自由的；不受拘束（或限制、控制）的particular pE5tikjulE a. 特别的；尤其的competitive kEm5petitiv a. 有竞争力的go out of business 倒闭primarily 5praimErili adv. 主要地，首要地；起初responsible ris5pCnsEbl a. 负责的administration Edminis5treiFEn n. 管理；经营；支配justice 5dVQstis n. 司法；正义voice vCis vt. 表达，吐露；发出（声音）practice 5prAktis n. 积习；常规工作；实践potential pE5tenF(E)l adj. 潜在的agency 5eidVEnsi n. 机构promote prE5mEut v. 推进，促进；推动welfare 5welfZE n. 福利题目解析1.答案为B，属于词义推断题。回答本