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1、-英语中句子的种类-第 4 页(三)句子的种类句子是一个独立的语言单位,表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句;从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。按使用目的分:一、 陈述句That boy always helps others.Tom was not at home yesterday.He is too late to catch the bus.二、 疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句)Are you a doctor?How often do you have an English party?Which would you lik
2、e better, tea or coffee?She is too young to go to school, is she?三、 感叹句(一) What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!=(二)How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!What a beautiful girl she is! = How beautiful a girl she is!(三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语!What beautiful girls they are!(四) What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!What fine weather
3、 it is!(五) How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!How interesting the dog is!(六) How+主语+谓语!How time flies!四、 祈使句(祈使句主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原型。)Be quiet!Dont be late!从结构上分:一、 简单句(句子只包含一个主谓结构。)如,五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:主系表基本句型二:主谓基本句型三:主谓宾基本句型四: 主谓间宾直宾 基本句型五 主谓宾宾补.二、 并列句(句子包含两个或多个主谓结构,通常有并列连词连结。)由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间
4、的不同关系。根据并列分句之间的关系不同,并列句可以分为以下几种: 1.表示联合关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词and (和),not only . but also. (不但而且)等来连接,这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。and一般不译出来。1. We bought her a birthday present,_ she liked it very much. A. so B. or C. and D. but 2. Didnt you give roses to your father on Fathers Day? Oh, not only my father,_ my grand
5、pa got red roses. A. or B. and C. but D. until 2表示转折关系的并列句 这类并列句常用but (但是;可是),yet(可是;然而),while (而)等来连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上的转折关系。 1. Would you like to go to the concert with me? Id love to,_ I cant. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. so D. and 2. The doctors tried their best to save the pati
6、ents life,_ failed A. or B. so C. but D. because 3.表示选择关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者),either or (要么,要么)等连接。 1. _ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or 2. None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They ar
7、e _ too big _ too small. A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or D. not only; but also 3. “Are you going to eat here _ take it away?” asked the waiter. A. and B. so C. or D. but。 4.表示因果关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词so(因此;所以),for(因为)等连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系。 1. Mother was ill,_ Father cooked for us instead. A. bu
8、t B. or C. so D. and 2. There is a lot of traffic in this city,_ look both ways before crossing the street A. so B. and C. but D. for 特殊的并列句1. 祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子 这个句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果”。2. 例如: Study hard,_ you are sure to have a good result in the exam. A. or B. and C. for D. but 3. 2. 祈使句
9、+ or + 一般将来时的句子 这个句型表示“如果做不到祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果”4. 例如: 1. Be quick,_ well be late for class. A. or B. so C. and D. but 2. Come a little earlier next time,_ youll miss the best part of the TV play. A. and B. but C. or D. till 三、复合句 复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate
10、 Clause)构成。 主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词 引导。 我们至今学过的从句有:定语从句, 名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句),和状语从句。 1. 定语从句 He is the man who wants to see you. 2. 同位语从句 She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. 注意:定语和同位语从句的区别。 3. 表语从句 This is what we should do 4. 宾语从句(注意it做形式宾语) Everybody knows that money doesnt grow on trees We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. (it做形式宾语) 5.主语从句(注意it做形式主语)What caused the accident remains unknown It is certain that he will win the match(it做形式主语) MyfriendsdislikemebecauseImhandsomeandsuccessful.