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1、-英语句子成分划分主语练习题-第 16 页英语句子成分（一）句子主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语we often speak english in class. one-third of the students in this class are girls.to swim in the river is a great pleasure.smoking does harm to the h
2、ealth.the rich should help the poor.it is necessary to master a foreign language.when we are going to have an english test has not been decided.（三）谓语：动词做谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：he practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）如：you may keep the book for two weeks. he has ca
3、ught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：we are students.例如：划出表语并说出有什么词充当our teacher of english is an american. is it yours?the weather has turned cold.the speech is exciting.three times seven is twenty one? his job is to teach english.his hobby is playing football. the machine must be out of order.time is u
4、p. the class is over. the truth is that he has never been abroad.（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：they went to see an exhibition yesterday.they helped the old with their housework yesterday. he pretended not to see me. i enjoy listening to popular music. i think（that）he is fit for his office.宾语种
5、类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：lend me your dictionary, please.2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：they elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：his father named him dongming.they painted their boat white.let the fresh air
6、 in. you mustnt force him to lend his money to you.we saw her entering the room.we found everything in the lab in good order.we will soon make our city what your city is now.（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：名词，形容词，代词，分词，动名词，不定式短语，介词短语等1例如：找出定语并看由何种成分充当：guilin is a beautiful city.china is a deve
7、loping country; america is a developed country.there are thirty women teachers is our school.his rapid progress in english made us surprised.our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.the teaching plan for next term has been worked out.he is reading an article about how to learn english.
8、（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）he has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）he is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）he is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）wait a minute.（名词）once you begin, you must co
9、ntinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：how about meeting again at six?（时间状语）last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）i shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）mr smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）she put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）she came in with a dictionary in her h
10、and.（伴随状语）in order to catch up with the others, i must work harder.（目的状语）he was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）she works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）i am taller than he is.（比较状语）英语句子结构英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：s十v主谓结构 h
11、e runs quicklys十v十o主谓宾结构they found their home easilys十v十o1十o2 主谓双宾结构he offered me his seat/his seat to me带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等s十v十o十c 主谓宾补结构they named the boy charlie说明：s主语；v谓语；p表语；o宾语；o1间接宾语；o2直接宾语；c宾211.we always work hard at english.13.she watched
12、her daughter playing the piano.14.speaking doesnt mean doing.15.bye the time i got to the station,the train had left.16.the children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.17.it takes me an hour to get there.3语法填空强化练习（1）in the past a gentleman would offer his seat _(1)
13、_ a lady on a crowded bus. but now, he will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper, _(2)_(leave) the lady standing _(3)_ someone else gets off. you cant entirely blame men for this change in manners. _(4)_(go) are the days when women could be referred to the weak. a whole gener
14、ation has grown up demanding _(5)_(equal) with men in jobs, in education and in social life. hold a door for some women _(6)_ you are likely to get _(7)_ angry lecture on treating women _(8)_ weaklings. take a girl out for a meal and shell probably insist on paying _(9)_ share of the bill. all these
15、, according to some sociologists, will change mens attitude towards women and the conventional active politeness is perhaps slowly being _(10)_(replace) by true consideration for the needs and feeling of women, so that men can see women as equal human beings.语法填空强化练习（2）语法填空强化练习（3）do you feel _(1)_ d
16、ifficult to be happy all the time? now ill give you some tips _(2)_ how to make yourself happy. one way is being _(3)_ (self) because unselfishness is the key factor _(4)_ (require) if you want to get along well with others. by _(5)_ (say) being unselfish we mean we _(6)_ not want everything our own
17、 way or demand the best share of everything. another way is to look for good points in _(7)_ people. youll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. third, you can not expect to be too perfect, _(8)_ dont be too unhappy when you make a mistake. everything will be ok if
18、you try to make things right. finally, it is important to remember that while you are no _(9)_ (bad) than others, chances you have may not be much better. in this case, _(10)_ surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.4篇二：英语划分句子成分练习题he likes dancing.（代词）twenty years is a short t
19、ime in history. (数词)seeing is believing. （动名词）to see is to believe. （不定式） what he needs is a book. （主语从句）it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 he likes playing the games.predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。he is a teacher. （名词）
20、 five and five is ten. （数词） he is asleep. （形容词）his father is in. （副词）the picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)my watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）to wear a flower is to say “i?m poor, i can?t buy a ring. （不定式） feel（感觉） .it sounds a good idea.the sound sounds strange. her voice sounds sweet.tom loo
21、ks thin.the food smells delicious. the food tastes good. 1）动作的承受者-动宾i like china. （名词） he hates you. （代词） how many do you need? we need two. （数词） we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. （动名词）give the poor man some money. we elected him monitor.（名词）please make yourself at home.
22、 介词短语） don?t let him do that. （省to不定式）his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） don?t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） （过去分词）he was elected monitor.she was found singing in the next room.ai yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）he is our friend. （代词）we belong to the third world.（数词
23、）he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）the man over there is my old friend.(副词) the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)the boys playing football are in class 2.（现在分词）the trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） i have an idea to do it well.（不定式）（定语从句）v., adj., a
24、dv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步怎样划分英语句子中的成分？主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语分别有什么用其次，要系统学习名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词等此类，了解什么词可以充当句中的什么要素。一般的，名词做主语和宾语，动词作谓语，形容词修饰名词和做表语，副词修饰句子或者动词 定语、状语句子，汉语中常用?的?表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
25、形容词作定语：the little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。tom is a handsome boy./tom是个英俊的男孩。 there is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词：two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 the two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。there are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 代词或名词所有格作定语：his boy needs toms
26、 pen./他的男孩需要tom的钢笔。 his name is tom./他的名字是汤姆。 there are two boys of toms there. /那儿有tom家的两个男孩。 介词短语作定语：the boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./ 教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。the boy in blue is tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 there are two boys of 9,and three of 10./ 有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语：the boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支
27、圆珠笔。 it is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。there is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语：the boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 the best boy here is tom./这里最棒的男孩是tom。 不定式作定语：the boy to write this letter needs a pen. /写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。the boy to write this letter is tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。 there is n
28、othing to do today./今天无事要做。 分词（短语）作定语：the smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。the pen bought by her is made in china./她买的笔是中国产的。 there are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。 定语从句：the boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。the boy you will k
29、now is tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。there are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 有时状语在句中
30、的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：the boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成?男孩喊教室里的女孩?（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为?男孩在教室里喊女孩?（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作?in the classroom,the boy calls the girl.副词（短语）作状语：the boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）the boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother
31、./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置） the boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语） the boy needs a pen now./now,the boy needs a pen./the boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）介词短语作状语：in the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语） before his mother,tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) on
32、sundays,there is no student in the classroom./ 星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) 分词（短语）作状语：he sits there,asking for a pen./ 他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen. /因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语） frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语） 不定式作状语：the boy needs a pen to do
33、his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：we students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批?学生?）we all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的?我们为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。 感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes2否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语
34、。插入语：一些句中插入的 i think , i believe,等。情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。 例：错句：studying hard,your score will go up.正确：(1) studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)if you study hard,your score will go up.解析：错句中分词
35、studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过?there being.?的场合不能省略. 如：game (being) over,he went home.he stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语
36、或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。 如：with nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了。 the teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）划分句子成分练习一(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. to do todays homework without the teac
37、hers help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 i dont like the picture on the wall.a. dob. usuallyc.go d. bus there will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. a. will be b. meeting c. the library d. afternoon did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? a.did b. twins c. haved. breakfast tom d
38、idnt do his homework yesterday.a. tom b. didnt c. dod. his homework what i want to tell you is this.a. want b. to tell c. you d. is we had better send for a doctor.a. web. had c. sendd. doctor he is interested in music.a. is b. interested c. ind. music whom did you give my book to?a. give b.didc. wh
39、om d. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） my brother hasnt done his homework. people all over the world speak english. you must pay good attention to your pronunciation. how many new words did you learn last class? some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? the old man sitting a
40、t the gate said he was ill. they made him monitor of the class. go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. you will find it useful after you leave school. they didnt know who father christmas really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分， 5分钟） the old man was feeling very tired. why is he worried
41、about jim? the leaves have turned yellow. soon they all became interested in the subject. she was the first to learn about it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟） they use mr, mrs with the family name. what is your given name? on the third lap are class 1 and class 3. i am afraid some people forgot to sweep the f
42、loor. the man downstairs was trying to sleep. i am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分， 6分钟） she likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. he asked her to take the boy out of school. she found it difficult to do the work. they call me lily sometime
43、s. i saw mr wang get on the bus. did you see li ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟） there was a big smile on her face. every night he heard the noise upstairs. he began to learn english when he was eleven. the man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.3 with t
44、he medicine box under her arm, miss li hurried off. she loves the library because she loves books. i am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. the students followed uncle wang to see the other machine. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟） please tell us a story. my father bought a new bike for me
45、 last week. mr li is going to teach us history next term. here is a pen.give it to tom. did he leave any message for me?答案(一) teacher man dictionary to do(二) b a c a c c d c a a(三)homework. english. attention words to go swimming he was ill. him monitor bridge museum it school. whofather christmasre
46、ally is.(四)tired. worriedyellow.interestedthe first(五) family giventhird some downstairs of the other shoe!(六)to read newspapers and booksto take the boy difficult lily get on the bus playing football (七) on her face. every night when he was eleven. too fast. with the medicine box under her arm beca
47、use she loves books. if you?ve lost it to see the other machine. (八) us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语划分句子成分练习二1. our school is not far from my home.2. it is a great pleasure to talk with you3. all of us considered him honest.4. my grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. he broke a piece of glass.6. he made it clear that he would leave the