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1、-现在完成时态-第 4 页 现在完成时态1.用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 例：Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, Ihave finishedmy homework now. 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 例：Ihave livedhere since 1990.2.现在完成时的构成have /has+过去分词3.现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句Hehas finishedthe work.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthe work? 否定句Hehas not finishedth
2、e work.两回答Yes ,hehas.No, hehasnt. 特殊疑问句Whathashedone?4.在下列情形下用现在完成时 1九词语 already已经肯定句中或句尾 yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾 ever曾经句中 never从不句中just刚刚句中 before以前句尾so far到目前为止how long多久 how many times多少次 2两词组havegone to去了某地例：Hehas gone toBeijing(去了北京)havebeen to去过某地例：Hehas been toBeijing.(去过北京) 3两结构for two monthsfor +一段时
3、间Jim has lived herefor 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijingsince 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in Chinasince he came here. 4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。例：Have you lost your library book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5现在完成时态还常常用于下列
4、句型Theyhave plantedmany treesin the last few years.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the best book Ihave ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time Ihave playedthe computer games.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。6.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错） 因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用,改正的办法有五种：He has
5、bought the book.(去掉一段时间for 3 years)He bought the book 3 years ago(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型It is -since-）He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）He has had the book for 3 years.（用延续性动词have代替buy） 7. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种
6、情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：come/arrive/get to/reachbe here leave/gobe away begin/startbe onopenbe open / closebe closed diebe dead finish/endbe over borrowkeep buy /catchhave 还有其它的归纳如下：Break-be broken get up-be up marrybe married becomebebecomeinterestedinbeinterestedin losebe lost（二） 现
7、在完成时用法二2持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间或“since过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用for + 段时间 since +点时间实例：1） Ive lived here since 1990自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 = Ive lived here since 13 years ago.= Ive lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here.2）
8、I havent seen him for three years 我三年没有看见他了。 = I havent seen him since three years ago= I havent seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him last time.3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。4）Shes been at this school since five years ago自从五年前以来她
9、就在这个学校。注意：在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long1）他入团两年了。正：He has been a League member for two years2）我买这辆自行车三年了。正：I have had this bike for three years有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？答：一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。