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1、过去完成时,本课重点： 动词过去分词规则极不规则变化 过去完成时用法 有时间状语提示词 无时间状语提示词 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别,过去分词的构成：,1. 规则动词的变化：,a) 一般情况下在动词后面加 ed,work - worked,play - played,b) 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d,use - used,refuse - refused,c) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，把 y 改 i 再加 ed,study - studied,carry - carried,d) 以重读闭音节结尾的，前面有单个元音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加 ed,sto
2、p - stopped,drop - dropped,2. 不规则动词的变化见课本 附录,过去完成时的构成：由助动词had + 动词的过去分词（done),构成：助动词had + 动词的过去分词（done),用法：,1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一过去动作之前完成的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”。,过去完成时：,下面按照有无时间状语提示词分为两大类讲解:,(一)有时间状语提示类： (1)by+过去时间：e.g. by the time(在时之前), by the end of (在结束/末之前), by then(截止到那时); (2)up to/till(直到)+过去时间： e.g.
3、 up till then (直到那时)等。,1. 到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。,By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours.,had worked,2.到上个月末我们在北京住了有五年时间了。,By the end of last month we _ (live) in Beijing for five years.,had lived,4. 到那时，他已写完那封信。,By the time we got there， he _ (leave) already.,had left,3.当我们到那儿时，他已经离开了。,Up till then，
4、he _ (write) that letter.,had written,（3）此外，过去完成时与when, before, after, as soon as, till/ until 等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。,1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。,When she got home ， her children _ (sleep).,had slept,2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。,Before they arrived here, the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,3. 我打完植物大战僵尸就去睡觉了。,
5、I went to sleep as soon as I _ (play) “plants VS zombies”.,had played,4. 看了暮光之城许多次之后，她终于厌烦了。,She finally got bored after she_ ( see ) the film “twilight” many times.,had seen,2. 她怀疑她是否通过了体育测试。,had read,1.他说他读过这本书。,He said that he _ (read) this book.,She wondered if she _ （pass）the PE test.,had passe
6、d,(二)无时间状语提示类,先于某过去动作,4. 她不想看黑天鹅，因为她已经看过了。,She didnt want to see the film “Black Swan” because she _(see) it.,had seen,3. 我听说Justin Bieber已经有过两个女朋友了。,I heard that Justin Bieber _(have) two girl friends.,had had,过去完成时与现在完成时的区别,过去完成时强调在过去某时间或过去某动作之前，即过去的过去。 (1)按时间状语区分，比较： by then/yesterday/last month等
7、过去时间 +过去完成时 by now + 现在完成时 （by now = so far） by the end of + last month/year等过去时间+过去完成时 by the end of + this month/year等现在时间+现在完成时 （*注：by the end of this month/year还可能跟将来完成时）,up to/till then + 过去完成时 up to/till now + 现在完成时,by the time +人称+ did + 过去完成时,by the time + 人称+ do + 现在完成时,Exercises:,So far, I
8、 _(collect) 100 stamps. By the end last year, the factory _(produce) 100,000 shoes. Tom _ (learn) English for 4 years since 2007. Mom _(in) the kitchen by the time I finished my homework. Sakura _(study) in this school for about 9 years up till now. He _(away) from his hometown up to then. The dog _
9、 (die) for 3 weeks and Mary still feels sad.,(2)按是否体现某动作在另一过去动作之前发生区分：,有标志词：when, before, after, as soon as, till/ until等,When she got home， her children had slept.,Before they arrived here, the film had already started.,He said that he had met you.,She wondered if she had passed the PE test.,无标志词：宾
10、语从句等,Exercises:,1.Jake _(be) Beijing for 3 month before he came back. 2.I went home as soon as the sun _(go) down. 3.Jim bought a set of combs for his wife after he_ (sell) his watch chain. 4.I didnt go to bed until the program _(finish). 5.Mom asked if I _(have) breakfast this morning. 6. I didnt e
11、xpect that because I _(prepare) for such a surprise. 7.You would have lost the game if he _(help) you. 8.I went to Toms house but he _ (go) out.,过去完成时与一般过去时的区别,一般过去时常见标志词：,比较： He had been a student for 8 years by the time he was sixteen. He was a student 8 years ago. They had packed all their things
12、 before they went to the airport. They packed all their things yesterday.,Exercises:,He _(lend) $100 a month ago. Sally _(buy) an ipod touch the day before yesterday. Joe _(run) 3 loops before he took a rest. Mini _(practice) piano last month. She told me she _(acquire) all the skills. When _ you _(
13、go) for a picnic?,1. After he _ (finish) his work he went out.,had finished,2. The children ran away after they _ (break) the window.,had broken,3. By end of last month, the factory _ (produce) 2,000,000 pair of shoes.,had produced,Exercises:,4. Annie told me that his father _ ( go ) to Paris and he _ ( come ) back in a few days.,had gone,would come,5. My friend _ (buy) the car two years ago. He _ (buy) it for two years.,bought,has had,