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1、-全国卷高考常见的98个熟词新义-第 9 页扎鲁特一中高二英全国卷高考常见的熟词新义时间：2016年5月19日 命题人：贾永红单词熟义新义例句1.absentadj.缺席的adj.茫然的，恍惚的She looked at the picture in an absent way.2.achevi.&n.疼痛vi.渴望Having left for ages, he was aching for home.3.addressn.地址vt.发表演说The president will address his speech at 3:00 pm.4.absorbvt吸收vt专心于Absorbed i
2、n painting,John didnt notice evening approaching.5.addv. 增加，加起来v.补充说，接着说I would like to add that we are pleased with the test.6.againstPrep.逆着，反对，倚，靠Prep.对面，映衬The bank stands against the post office.The picture looks nice against the white wall.7.allowvt.允许vt.使可能This diet allows you one glass of win
3、e a day.8.announcevt.宣布vt.显示，预示A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.9.attendvt.出席，参加vi.&vt.看护，治疗，陪同The nurse attended ( to ) him day and night.10.bearvt.忍受，容忍vt.显示，带有He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars.11.betteradj.&adv 较好的，较好地vt.改善，优化A key first step in bettering you
4、r evaluation ability it to look carefully at your sources of health information.12.blankadj.空白的n.空白adj.没有表情的，空虚的，没有兴趣的The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look.13.blueadj.&n.蓝的，蓝色adj.忧伤的His songs always make me feel blue.14.buildvt.建造，建筑vi.使增强，使强壮n.体形，身材One should receive training to build
5、 up ones confidence.Youre right,Josh. He may have a small build.15.bridgen.桥vt. 消除隔阂I will try to pave the way between the worlds and bridge the gap of you.16.causevt.促使，引起n.原因，起因，事业，目标Even with a staff of volunteers,Tomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause(事业).panyn.公司n.陪伴，伴侣I have no
6、 company on the journey.18.cloudyadj.阴的，多云的adj.不明朗的不清晰的Who will take his place still remains cloudy.19.coachn.教练vt.辅导，指导She coached me in playing football.20.coverv.覆盖v.行走（一段路程），足以支付，涵盖，涉及，采访，掩护n.封面，盖子，卧底The Red Army covered 25000 li. To cover the cost of hiring a bus,each student will have to pay $
7、10 each time.The library covers varieties of books.21.crossv .跨越，横穿n.十字，adj.生气的Dont be cross with him-After all , he is a child.22.countn.&vt.计算，数vi.有价值，重要It is how much you read but what you read that counts.23.coursen.课程，过程n.一道菜The courses vary with seasons.24.damagevt.&n.损坏n.赔偿金（复数）He claimed $7,
8、000 damages from the taxi company.25.dealvi.处理，解决n.交易Having been cheated in a business deal, he was reduced to nothing.It a deal.26.desertn.沙漠vt.抛弃，丢弃He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.27.developvt.&vi.发展，开发，研制vt.冲印，患病Did you have the films develop?The old man developed a lung cancer.
9、28.divorcevt.与某人离婚 n.离婚vt.使分离，使脱离You cant divorce science from ethical questions.29.drivevt.驾驶vt.迫使,驱使n.驱动力It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work.Even though I am a very positive person, I lost my drive to write.30.delivervt.递送，接生小孩vt.讲话，发表The rob
10、ot doesnt deliver general answers to questions.31.escapev.逃跑，逃脱vt.被忘掉，被忽视 n.逃跑If he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.Sometimes my old friends name escaped me.32.encouragevt.鼓励，激励vt.促进，助长，刺激Good health encourages clear thinking.33.excusen.借口vt.原谅vt.免除某人的职责He was
11、excused from piano practice.34.explodevi.爆炸，爆裂vt.勃然大怒，大发雷霆Im about to explode! He broke his promise again.35.exploitvt.开发，开采，剥削vt.利用You must exploit every opportunity to learn English.36.failvi.失败vi.（健康、视力）衰退，变弱William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.3
12、7.fineadj. 美好的，很棒的，晴朗的n&vt.罚款，The man will get a fine if he parks the car there.38.foreignadj.外国的，外交的adj不熟悉的The subject is foreign to all of us.39.freezevi.结冰vi.&vt.惊呆，不动，停止When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.40.freshadj
13、.新鲜的adj.无经验的She is quite fresh to the work.41.functionn.作用，功能v.运转，起作用The sofa in the living room also functions as a bed at night.42.gainvi&vt.获得，赢得vt.增加（速度，重量）The car gained speed gradually.43.groundn.地面n.理由He has strong grounds for more money.44.governvt.管理，控制vt.影响，支配The law of supply and demand g
14、overns the prices of goods.45.heavyadj.重的adj.（交通）拥挤的，（雨雪）大的Despite the thumbs-up given to the old lady,some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.46.helpvt.帮助vi.避免，防止，起作用Try not to cough more than you can help since it may cause problems to your lungs.47.housen.房子v.给房子住，容纳Th
15、ese cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil,now they hold Twitter engineers.48.illadj.生病的adj.&adv 坏的/地Its no good speaking ill of others.49.inspirev.激励，鼓舞v.启发His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.50.interestn.兴趣n.利益，股份，利润Our family has interests in t
16、he business.51.jumpvi&n.跳vi&n.大幅度上涨Last week the prices of goods jumped.52.killv.杀死，弄死v.消磨，打发How does the man killtime?53.keyn.钥匙，答案adj.关键的The house structure is a key factor customers consider.54.landvi.降落，着陆 n.陆地vt. 谋得（工作等）Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford, Ive watched one friend af
17、ter another land high -ranking ,high -paying Wall Street jobs.55. lastadj.最后的adj.最不可能的He is the last man I want to see.56. matchn.火柴vt.般配，与匹配She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.57. measuren.措施，方法vt.&vi.估量，判定Its hard to measure his ability when we havent seen his work.58. mul
18、tiplev.乘，乘以vt.成倍增加，迅速增加We can multiply our chances of success.59. narrowadj.狭窄的vt.缩小，使变窄Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.60. noten.笔记v.注意，指出，提及I noted that her hands were dirty.61. nursen.护士，保姆vt.看护，照料While nurs
19、ing her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had an interest in medicine.62. openv.开ad.开着的，开放的adj.（问题，议事等）未解决的They left the matter open(悬而未决).63. operatevi.机器运转工作，做手术vt.操作，经营vi.起作用The medicine operated quickly.64. picturen.画，照片vt.描绘I would like to picture my future life in
20、 ten years.65. positionn.位置，职位n.立场，观点Whats your position on the problem?66. promisevt.&n.许诺vt.使有希望，使有可能The dark clouds promise rain.67. pronouncevt. 发音v.宣称，宣布，判决The judge produced against her appeal.68. putv.放置v.陈述，“He is a good girl”, the girls mother put.69. reachvt.到达，伸出v.联系，延伸，达到（to,into）Ive bee
21、n tying all day to reach him on the telephone.(reach=get through)70. readv.阅读vt.理解，领会Its hard to read the expression on his face.I didnt readmothers thoughts at that time.71. respectvt.&n.尊敬，尊重n.方面；pl敬意，问候I think you are wrong in every respect.Please give my respects to your parents.72. roundPrep.&a
22、dv.环绕，围绕，adj.圆形的n.回合，局，轮We are losing the game in the last round due to our complacency(自满，沾沾自喜).73. savevt.挽救，节省，储蓄vt.省去，免去Setting down clear rules from the start will save arguments later on.74. sayvt.说vt.假定，显示，表明Say(假定) that war breaks out, what will you do?75. seatn.座，座位vt.使就座；容纳We can seat 300
23、in the auditorium(礼堂，观众席).76. shipn.轮船v.运送；运输The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.77. shapen.形状，样式vt.使具有形状，塑造Corals were shaped into different palms.78. shouldern.肩膀v.承担Young people should learn to shoulder the blame.79. sheltern.避难所vt.保护I was wrapped heavily and well shelt
24、ered from the freezing and blowing weather.80. signn.符号；记号n.迹象，预兆；v.签字，签署Bearing responsibility for his mistakes is a sign of a mans maturity.Therefore,students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible.81. solidadj.固定的，坚硬的adj.可靠地，可信赖的The research lacks solid evidence,and therefore, its concl
25、usions are doubtful.82. standvi.站立，直立vt.忍受，n.货摊The author could not stand living in a wooden house.I found the fish stand surrounded in a sea of customers.83. soundn.声音adj.健全的，健康的，酣睡的It is important to have a sound body.With heavy rain falling all night, she had asoundsleep84. storen.（大型）百货商店vt.&n.贮
26、藏，贮存，保存Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons.85. strengthn.力量，体力n.长出，优势A basketball coach must know the strengths and weaknesses of his players.86. subjectn.科目，话题n.试验对象adj.易受影响的The subjects of this experiment were men aged 18-35.The child is subj
27、ect to colds.87. treatv.对待vt.治疗；招待；n.款待The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,so he has a good reputation.Lets go out for lunch-my treat.88. tastev.品尝n.味道；鉴赏力；爱好While she was in Paris, she developed a taste for fine art.89. voicen.声音vt.说出Moreover
28、, I will open more channels for you to voice your opinions and needs.90. valuen.价值，价值观v.重视，珍视In his values, he value the conventional cultures of his country.91. walkvi.&n.行走，步行n.行业This society welcomes people from all walks of life.92. wearv.穿；戴v.面带，流露；留（发，须等）I can still remember he was always wear
29、ing a smile and willing to help.93. weighvt.称重量，称vi.重vt.考虑；权衡，斟酌Weigh the advantages and disadvantages before taking action.However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children. 94. wandervi.漫游，游荡，漫步vi.走神，神志恍惚，思想开小差Her thoughts wandered back to her youth.95. workvi.&n.工作vi.起作用 n.著作，作
30、品The medicine works more effectively if you drink some hot water after taking it.Such poets as Shakespeare are widely read ,of whose works, however, some are difficult to understand.96. windn.风v、使蜿蜒，上发条The riverwindsto the sea.97. undertakevt.承担；从事vt.承诺；允诺；答应I cant undertake that you will make a pro
31、fit.98. runvi. 跑vt.经营；vi.运转n.时期He has no idea of how toruna business.I cant make this machinerunproperly.This is unsustainable, in the longrun.构词法1. 表示否定意义的前缀1) 纯否定前缀a-, an-, asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（无水的）dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral,
32、illegal, irregularne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, noesenseneg-, neglectun- unable, unemploymentmis-,de-, defend, demodulation(解调)dis-, disarm, disconnectun-, unload, uncover 2)表示错误的意义 mistake, mislead2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1) a- 表示“在之上”，“向” aboard, aside,2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)3) circum
33、-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转” ，circumstance, circuit7) extra-, 表示“额外”4) extraction （提取）5) fore- 表示“在前面”6) forehead, foreground7) in-, il-, im-, ir-, 8) 表示“向内，在内，背于”9) inland, invade, inside, import10) 10out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline, outside, outward11)over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard12)p
34、ost-, 表示向后，在后边，次”postscript(附言)， pre-, 表示在前”在前面” prefix, preface, preposition13) pro-, 表示“在前，向前” progress, proceed,14) sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面，下” subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement1.名词后缀 (1) 具有某种职业或动作的人1) -an, -ain, 表示地方的人，精通的人” American, historian,2) -al,
35、 表示具有职务的人 principal,3) -ant,-ent, 表示者” merchant, agent, servant, student,4) -ar, 表示的人” scholar, liar, peddler5) -ary, 表示“从事的人” secretary, missionary传教士6) -ant, 表示“具有职责的人” candidate, graduate7) -ator, 表示做的人 educator, speculator(投机者)8) -ee, 表示动作承受者 employee, examinee9) -eer, 表示从事于人 engineer, volunteer
36、10) -er, 表示从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人 banker, observer, Londoner, villager11) -ese, 表示 国人，.地方的人” Japanese, Cantonese12) -ess, 表示阴性人称名词， actress, hostess, manageress13) -ian, 表示地方人，信仰.教的人，从事职业的人” Christian, physician(内科医生)， musician14) -ician, 表示精通者， 家，” electrician, magician, technician15) -icist, 表示家， .者,
37、.能手” physicist, phoneticist, technicist16) -or, 表示者 author, doctor, operator, 2形容词后缀 1) -able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible2) -al, natural, additional, educational3) -an, ane, urban, suburban, republican4) -ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent5) -ar, similar, pop
38、ular, regular6) -ary, military, voluntary7) -ice, -atie, ical, politic, historic, physical,8) -ine, masculine, feminine, marine9) -ing, moving, touching, daring10) -ish, foolish, bookish, selfish11) -ive, active, impressive, decisive 3. 动词后缀1) -ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，化“ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2) -en, 表示”使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3) -fy, 表示“使化, 使成” beautify, purify, intensify加强, signify重要, simplify4) -ish, 表示使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish5) -ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate