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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点动词不定式一. 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语.同时动词不定式又具出名词、形容词、副 词的特点,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语.二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形三. 动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like 等.We
2、hope to get there before dark.我们期望天黑以前到那儿.The girl decided to do it herself.那个姑娘打算自己做那件事.动词不定式作宾语的留意事项（2 点）1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同：remember to do 记住要做某事remember doing 记得曾经做过某事forget to do 遗忘要做某事forget doing遗忘曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事stop doing停止做某事go on to do 连续做另一件事go on doing连续做原先在做的事I re
3、member seeing you somewhere before.我记得以前在哪儿见过你.Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时请记得关好灯.2. 不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,就要把不定式放到后面,用it 作形式宾语,构成 “主语 +动词 +it+ 宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构.如： He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发觉很难入睡.四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语1. 后面能接to 不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell
4、, want, wish, help 等.The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.老师要我们做练习一.I want both of you to go.我要你们俩去.We helped her to repair her bike.我们帮忙她修理自行车.2. 使役动词let, have, make 及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等要以不带to 的不定式作宾补.Let s have a rest.我们休息一会吧.I saw him come in.我观察他进来了.感官动词后既可跟不带to 的不定式作宾补,也可跟 v-in
5、g 作宾补, 前者表示动作的全部过程已终止.后者表示动作正在进行.I saw him come downstairs. 我观察他下了楼. （说明他下楼了这件事）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点I saw him coming downstairs. 我观察他在下楼. （说明他下楼时的情形） 五. 动词不定式作状语Later
6、 he left home to work in different cities.不久他离开家到不同的城市工作.He went to see a football match.他去看足球竞赛了. In order to catch the other students, I must work hard. 为了赶上其他同学,我必需努力学习.六. 动词不定式作定语不定式作定语一般放在所修饰的词的后面.I need something to eat.Do you have something to read.Tom was so excited that he had no word to sa
7、y. He is really a fool only to eat.The man to stand here just now is our English teacher. The doctor had no way to save the patient.留意：（1）作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成,被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在方位或方式关系需要有介词.I am looking for a room to live in.我正在找一间住房. （方位关系）We have many things to do experiments with.我们有很多做试验的东西（方式关系）（2）作定
8、语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep ”构成的动词短语. Here there isn t any book for me to be interested in.We have done many things to proud of.我们做了很多引以骄傲的事.七. 动词不定式作主语To give is better than to receive.To reach there on foot is impossible.动词不定式作主语时,可以用it 代替,把实际主语不定式放在后面.It s better to give than to receive.It s impossib
9、le to reach there on foot. It s + adj + for sb. to do sth.It s not difficult for me to study English well.It s easy for him to work out this math problem.在这个句型中, 假如形容词与不定式的规律主语关系亲密,并且形容词用来说明规律主语的 性质、品质、特点等,由of 引出规律主语.这类形容词主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等.八. 动词不定式和疑问词连用动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how,
10、where, when连用,构成不定式短语,可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等.How to do is still a question.Have you decided when to leave.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点九. 动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定式是在to 前加 not.不带 to 的不定式
11、就在动词前加not. 如： Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.张明要我不要成天呆在家里. My mother let me not do it by myself.妈妈让我不要独自做这件事.被动语态英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态（ The Active V oice）表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态（ The Passive Voice）表示主语是动作的承担者.构成：承担者 +助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词+by+ 执行者一般现在时：承担者 +助动词 am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词 +by+ 执行者一般过
12、去时：承担者 +助动词 was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 +by+ 执行者承担者 +助动词 shall / will be+ 及物动词的过去分词 +by+ 执行者承担者 +助动词have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+ 执行者 承担者 + can /may/must/should +be+ 及物动词的过去分词+by+ 执行者被动语态用法：1）当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,需用被动语态.2）当我们需要强调动作的承担者时,常用被动语态.3）假如需要说出动作的执行者, 用 by 引导出动作的执行者.主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要
13、与原句时态保持一样,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一样.主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情形：1）主语谓语动词宾语将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.（主动） We bought a book yesterday.（被动） The book was bought yesterday. 2）主语谓语动词间接宾语直接宾语将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语.多数情形下将间接宾语变为主语.假如直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to / for .（主动） He showed me a book yesterday.（被动） I was showed a book yesterday.（被动） T
14、he book was showed to me yesterday. 3）主语谓语动词复合宾语含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语,变为被动语态时, 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语保留不变,成为主语补足语.（主动） I found him a good pupil.（宾语补足语）（被动） He was found a good pupil.（主语补足语）4）短语动词变为被动语态有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词,其后可以接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态,但短语动词是不行分割的整体,变为被动语态时不行去掉其后面的介词或副词.（主动） We should look after the
15、 patients very well.（被动） The patients should be looked after very well by us. 5）宾语从句变为被动语态如主动语态中是宾语从句,变为被动语态常常用it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点It s said that
16、 he passed the exam.被动语态应留意的几个特别问题：（1）不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,仍旧要带上介词.（主动） The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.（被动） The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.（2）当动词带有复合宾语时,并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时,在被动语态中应加 上“ to”.（主动） They make do all the work.（被动） We were made to do a
17、ll the work.（主动） We often hear her sing English songs.（被动） She is often heard to sing English songs.（主动） I see him walk to school.（被动） He is seen to walk to school.69 回答者：a1016918973 -二级2022-10-31 14:01我来评论 提问者对于答案的评判：感谢的回答相关内容•初三英语语法学问点（只问一个很简洁的）要快132022-4-30•请问初三英语重点学问点是什么？重点该补习哪里？2820
18、22-11-25•谁有初三英语的单元学问点总结？2022-8-15•初三英语上下册学问点总结92022-12-12•帮我整理初三英语的语法学问点392022-1-25更多关于初三上册英语的问题查看同主题问题：初三英语学问点等待您来回答更多0 回答30 急求翻译.0 回答20 英语专业同学, 大三, 是应当学习一门二外了,仍是应当考个翻译证书了？0 回答哪有好的口语翻译公司？0 回答急需一英语PPT 要求 03 版的 PPT 课件主要是介绍兰博基尼的0 回答翻译一句话帮我0 回答Besure to choose the hairproducts that su
19、it your type of hair. 0回答疏者密之 ,密者疏之是什么意思0 回答50 以 “ a dreamcome true”为题目,求作文一篇,大约120 个单词.越快越.其他回答共 3 条九年级英语Unit11. by + doing通过方式如： by studying with a groupby仍可以表示： “在旁”、“靠近”、“在期间” 、“用、”“经过”、“乘车”等如： I live by the river.I have to go back by ten o clock.The thief entered the room by the window. The stu
20、dent went to park by bus.2. talk about谈论,谈论,争论如： The students often talk about movie after class.同学们常常在课后争论电影.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师整理精华学问点talk to sb. = talk with sb.与某人说话3. 提
21、建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.如： What/ How about going shopping. Why don t you + do sth. 如： Why don t you go shopping. Why not + do sth. .如： Why not go shopping. Let s + do sth.如：Let s go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.如： Shall we/ I go shopping.4. a lot 很多常用于句末如： I eat a lot.我吃了很多.5. tooto 太而不能常用
22、的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth.如： I m too tired to say anything.我太累了,什么都不想说.6. aloud, loud 与 loudly 的用法三个词都与 大声 或洪亮 有关. aloud 是副词 ,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不肯定很大, 常用在读书或说话上.通常放在动词之后.aloud 没有比较级形式.如 : He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听.loud 可作形容词或副词.用作副词时,常与 speak, talk,laugh 等动词连用 ,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后.如:
23、 She told us to speak a little louder.她让我们说大声一点.loudly 是副词 ,与 loud 同义 ,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人厌恶或打搅别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后.如:He does not talk loudlyor laugh loudly in public.他不当众大声谈笑.7. notat all 一点也不根本不如：I like milk very much. I don t like coffee at all.我特别喜爱牛奶.我一点也不喜爱咖啡.not 常常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all就放在句尾8. be / get
24、 excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth.= be excited to do sth.对感兴奋如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=I am excited to go to Beijing.我对去北京感到兴奋.9. end up doing sth终止做某事,终止做某事如：The party ended up singing.晚会以唱歌而终止. end up with sth.以终止如：The party ended up with her singing.晚会以她的唱歌而告终.10. first of all第一.to begin with一开头可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载