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1、-八年级上册英语语法专项-第 11 页语法专项 一. 动词动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词，它分为行为动词，系动词、助动词和情态动词，动词种类多，变化又复杂，是学习英语的难点之一，下面根据动词的特点进行归类，并提供一些辨别方法，以便于理解和掌握。 1. 行为动词在动词中数量最多，它含有实在的意义（又叫实义动词），表示动作或状态，在句中可以单独作谓语，行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后面必须加宾语，意义才完整，不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语，常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。 eg: We study English very hard. She has a book in her ha
2、nd. The sun rises in the east. 2. 连系动词本身有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，常见的连系动词有：be, look, sound, get, become等。 eg: My parents are both farmers. The milk tastes terrible. The song sounds good. 3. 助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定，时态或其它语法形式。常见的助动词有：be, have, do, will, shall等。 eg: Do you have a brother?
3、 Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary? I didnt go to the cinema yesterday. 4. 情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话者的语气和情态，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定，常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, will, shall, need等。 eg: Can you sing the English song? Everyone must get to school on time. 二. 动词的时态：（一）时态概述：作谓语的动词用
4、来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态，英语中的时态，就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词be, have（has）等，用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。 eg: He reads newspapers every day. He read the newspaper yesterday. He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow. （二）一般现在时：1. 动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。 在加词尾-s时要注意：情况加法例词一般情况加-sreads, writ
5、es, says以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的词加-esteaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-estrytriescarrycarries读音：情况读法例词在ptkf等清辅音后shelps, hates, asks, laughs在sztd3等音后izfaces, rises, wishes, watches, urges在其他情况下zplans, cries, shows 2. 一般现在时主要表示： （1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用：always, often, usually, some
6、times等 eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客观、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth. 3. 一般现在时的
7、疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do，does的方式构成。第三人称单数加does，其他加do，这时动词一概用原形；动词be只需与主语位置对调就行了。 eg: Do you like English? Do they have story books? What does she do every evening? Is she at home? Are you good at English? 4. 一般现在时的否定式是do not（dont）或does not （doesnt）动词原形来构成的，be动词做谓语动词只需在be后加not构成否定。 eg: I dont like oranges at
8、all. She doesnt work in the TV station. They arent students. Im not busy every weekend. 三. 现在进行时： 1. 动词变化：现在进行时由“am /is /are动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下： （1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。如： staystayingdodoing listenlisteningsuffersuffering workworkingspendspending looklooking （2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。如： makemakingtake
9、taking givegivingrideriding pleasepleasingrefuserefusing closeclosingoperateoperating （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如： putputtingsitsitting runrunningwinwinning beginbeginning 2. 现在进行时的用法 （1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，这时可以不用时间状语，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look（看），listen（听）。 eg: W
10、hat are you reading now? Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. （2）表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 eg: They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. （3）表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即可以用来代替将来时。 eg: When are you leaving? Are you going to Tibet tom
11、orrow? 3. 现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简单。否定句在be（am, is, are）后面加not；疑问句把be动词移到主语前。 eg: I am not working. What are you reading now? How are you feeling today? The train isnt arriving soon. 四. 一般过去时： 1. 动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语动词的过去式来表达。构成规则原形过去式一般在动词末尾加-edworkplantplayworkedplantedplayed结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivec
12、hangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplan（计划）stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再加-edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried否定式疑问式否定疑问式简单回答I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work? Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, I did. No, I
13、 didnt. He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / it not work? Yes, he / she / it /did. No, he /she /it didnt. We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work? Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, we did. No, we didnt. They did no
14、t work. Did they work? Did you they not work? Yes, they did. No, they didnt. 2. 一般过去时的基本用法： （1）带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。（eg: yesterday, last year, just now, two days ago, in the old days等） eg: He left just now. Lei Feng was a good soldier. What did you have for breakfast this morning? （2）表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生
15、的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语连用。 eg: Last term we often did experiments. He always went to work by bus. 五. be going to 表示一般将来 1. 用法：表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事，或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很有可能要发生的事情，be随着人称的变化变成（am, is, are） eg: We are going to have a new subject this year. Its going to rain this afternoon. Im going to be a pilot when I
16、grow up. 2. be going to 的否定句在be动词后加上not；be going to 的疑问句把be动词移到主语前。 eg: He isnt going to see his brother tomorrow. Im not going to tell you about it. Whos going to use it? Is your sister going to bring your lunch? What are you going to do next Sunday. 【模拟试题】（答题时间：70分钟）一. 改错： 例1：The rose dark red. Th
17、e rose is dark red. 1. He very likes swimming. 2. He can helps you. 3. We havent a good time. 4. What are you do after school every day? 5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside. 6. The fish smells not good. 7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left. 8. There have many birds
18、in the sky. 9. My mothers glasses is broken. 10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand. 11. What colour are her hair? 12. Does he his homework? 13. A: Do you like your class? B: Yes. I like. 14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening. 15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday. 16. I have no bro
19、ther and sister. 二. 连词组句： 1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often 2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the 3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, never, during, the, to 4. computer, got, new, you, a, have? 5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on? 6. good, Li Min
20、g, do, and, often, I deeds 7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do? 8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is? 9. homework, does, day, when, Tom, his, every, where, and, do? 10. a, there, vegetables, many, but, apples, arent, lot, there, of, are, there三. 用括号里的动词的适当形式填空： 1. There （be）_so
21、me glasses on it. 2. He （go）_to the park every day. 3. My uncle （live）_ in Nanjing now. 4. _ Lucy and Lily （like）_China? 5. Li Lei（not like）_ to drink orange soda. 6. The girl （go）_ home at 4:30 in the afternoon. 7. _ Kate （speak）_ French? Yes, she does. 8. Jim （not ride）_his bike often. 9. If he （b
22、e）_ free tomorrow, he （go）_ with us. 10. As soon as they （get）_ there next month, he （call）_me. 11. _Li Mings father （have）_ his lunch at home? 12. Tom （not do）_the morning exercises often. 13. I （be）_ hungry and my sister （be）_ thirsty. 14. The baby （have）_ curly hair. 15. Everybody （have）_ a chanc
23、e to win. 16. I （clean）_ my room once a week. 17. Nobody（tell）_ them anything. 18. There （be）_ a lot of chicken on the plate. 19. Mr. Li （teach）_ the second grade. 20. The boy （watch）_ TV every evening. 21. Mary （play）_the violin quite well. 22. David （study）_Chinese and I （study）_ English. 23. The
24、game （be）_ interesting. 24. Many children （be）_ on the playground. 25. He （have）_ a good time at your party. 26. I （have）_ a new bicycle. 四. 用所给词的适当形式填空： 1. Tom and his father _（swim）now. 2. Look! They _（run）along the street. 3. We _（practice）hard these days because we will have a big match next mon
25、th. 4. What _he _（do）at nine oclock last night? 5. They _（listen）to the music at that time. 6. When the headmaster came in, the students_（read）the text. 7. We _（watch）TV when suddenly the telephone rang. 8. She _（make）the paper flowers the whole night. 9. A: _ you _（studying）English? B: Yes, I am. 1
26、0. Lets go out. It _（not rain）now. 11. Hurry up! Everybody _（wait）for you. 12. A: _（you / listen）to the radio? B: No, You can turn it off. 13. I _（watch）TV at seven oclock yesterday evening. 14. A: What _（you / look）for? B: I _（look）for my wallet. There is something important in it. 15. Look. It _（r
27、ain）hard. Well get wet if we go out. 五. 选词填空：（一）选词填空： 1. I _（am, is, was, were）busy last week. 2. Tom and I _（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday. 3. I _（walk, walks, walked, walking）to school the other day. 4. Rose _（does not, didnt, has been, has to）visit her uncle the month before last（m
28、onth） 5. There _（is, was, are, were）a lot of people in this village ten years ago. 6. Mother _（am, is, was, were）ill in bed last night. 7. It _（rain, rains, rained, raining）a lot last year. （二）用括号中动词的适当形式填空： 1. My uncle in London _（send）a birthday present to me yesterday. 2. When _（be）you born? 3. A
29、s soon as he arrived in the country, he _（phone）me. 4. When I _（knock）at his door, he was cooking. 5. We were watching TV when the light _（go）out. 6. He said he _（not like）maths at all. （三）用括当的词完成下列句子。 1. _you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. I _it for you. 2. Did Tom _ home at five yesterday?
30、 No, he _. He came home at six. 3. What _ you _ at the store? I bought a camera. 4. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _. 5. Where did you catch the fish? I _ it in the river near my house. 六. 完成下列句子： 1. 你长大了想当什么？我打算当个电脑程序员。 What _ you _ _ _ when you _ _? Im _ to _ a _ _. 2. 你哥哥长大了打算当什么？他打算当个专业的篮球运动
31、员。 What _ your brother _ _ _ when he _ _? Hes _ to _ a _ _ player. 3. 你打算怎么做？我打算学计算机学。_ are you _ _ _ that? Im _ _ _ computer _. 4. 你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每天练篮球。 _ is your brother _ _ _? Hes _ _ _ basketball every day. 5. 她打算下学期上一些表演课吗？是的。 _ she _ _ _ some _ lessons? Yes, she _. 【试题答案】 1. He likes swimming. 2.
32、 He can help you. 3. We dont have a good time. 4. What do you do after school every day? 5. Sometimes I listen to music, sometimes I play outside. 6. The fish doesnt smell good. 7. We should buy some chicken. There is little left. 8. There are many birds in the sky. 9. My mothers glasses are broken.
33、 10. A pair of shoes is nearly one thousand. 11. If he doesnt feel well he will go to visit the History Museum. 12. What colour is her hair? 13. Does he do his homework? 14. A: Do you like your class? B: Yes. I do. 15. He always does his shopping on Friday evening. 16. I am sorry I forgot your birth
34、day. 二. 1. I often listen to the radio in the morning. 2. Nurses take good care of sick men in the hospital. 3. He never goes to the cinema during the weekdays. 4. Have you got a new computer? 5. Does he have a rest on weekends? 6. Li Ming and I often do good deeds. 7. How often do you visit the sci
35、ence museum? 8. Is there any food in the kitchen? 9. When and where does Tom do his homework every day? 10. There are a lot of vegetables but there arent many apples there. Or: There are a lot of apples but there arent many vegetables there. 三. 1. are2. goes3. lives4. Do, like5. doesnt like 6. goes7
36、. Does, speak8. doesnt ride 9. is, will go10. get, will call11. Does, have 12. doesnt do13. am, is14. has 15. has16. clean17. tells18. is 19. teaches20. watches21. plays22. studies, study 23. is24. are25. has26. have四. 1. are swimming2. are running3. are practicing 4. was, doing5. were listening6. w
37、ere reading 7. were watching8. was making9. Are, studying 10. isnt raining11. is waiting12. Are you listening 13. was watching14. are you looking, am looking 15. is raining五. （一）1. was2. were3. walked4. did not 5. were6. was7. rained（二）1. sent2. were3. phoned4. knocked5. went 6. didnt like（三）1. Did,
38、 made2. come, didnt3. did, buy4. was 5. caught六. 1. are, going, to, be, grow, up, going, be, computer, programmer 2. is, going, to, be, grows, up, going, be, professional, basketball. 3. How, going, to, do, going, to, study, science 4. How, going, to, do, that, going, to, play 5. Is, going, to, take, acting, is