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1、-高中英语必修四第二单元重点-第 7 页高中英语必修四第二单元重点、难点 Unit Two Working the land1、Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体就跟过去五十年他一直在帮助的千百万的中国农民一样。完成时态的时间表达：（1）f
2、or + 段时间 多长时间以来（2）before 以前 （3）since + 时间点 自从什么时间since +时间段 +ago 自从多长时间以前 since +从句 自从 since then 从那以后（4）recently ; lately; in recent +时间 最近；最近多长时间（5）so far; by far; up till now; by now 到现在为止（6）by the end of / by the time 到时间结尾（7） in / during / for the past / last + 时间段 在过去的多长时间里特别提示：（1）如果句子中有以上时间，句
3、子一般要用完成时。（2）before后不能跟时间；否则句子用过去时态。（3）by the end of / by the time多用于过去完成时或将来完成时。即时活用：1、_ several years he has been working like this. A. In B. After C. For D. Since 2、The heavy rainfall has caused vegetable prices to rise daily _ the last two months. A. by B. since C. for D. with 3、Where does Mr Zha
4、ng live? - He has been on the island _the end of the Long March. A. since B. by C. in D. at 4、I have been in London twice _ 1965. A. in B. since C. during D. when 答案：C C A B2、Dr. Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.袁博士寻找一种在不扩大土地面积的情况下增加收成的办法。sea
5、rch vt. 搜查 The guards searched the house carefully. 警卫仔细搜查了整个房子。They searched the woods for the lost boy. 他们搜查整个森林寻找丢失的小孩。联想扩展：（1）search for寻找 What are you searching for? 你在找什么？（2）search ones heart 扪心自问I often search my heart if I am a competent teacher. 我常扪心自问我是不是一个称职的老师。（3）in search of 寻找 We start
6、ed at once in search of something to eat. 我们立刻开始寻找可吃的东西。3、Dr. Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.袁博士寻找一种在不扩大土地面积的情况下增加收成的办法。expand vi. & vt. 用法归纳：（1）膨胀；扩大 A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 给轮胎充气轮胎会鼓起来的。Xian is expanding in all direction
7、s. 西安正在向四周扩大。（2）加大；使膨胀Heat expands metal. 热使金属膨胀。 He has expanded his business. 他把生意扩大了。联想扩展：expand on 细说；阐述 Let me expand on my idea. 我来阐述一下我的观点。4、Dr. Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their harvest.袁博士正在把他的知识用在像印度、越南这些不发达的国家
8、以便于增加它们水稻的产量。circulate vi. & vt.用法归纳：（1）循环；流通 Blood circulates in the body. 血液在体内循环。It does good to a countrys economy if money circulates. 钱流动对国家经济有好处。（2）传播；流传Bad news circulates quickly. 坏消息传播的很快。Some people like to circulate false news. 有些人喜欢传播假消息。联想扩展：circulation n. 循环；传播；发行量5、Thanks to his rese
9、arch, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。thanks to 幸亏；多亏；由于Thanks to the illness, I didnt take that flight. 多亏生病，我没乘坐那次航班。Thanks to the teachers help, Ive made some progress with my English.由于老师帮助，我的英语取得了一些进步。联想扩展：下列词组中的to为介词look forward to 期望
10、 see to 处理；修理 be / get used to 习惯于 pay attention to 注意 get down to 开始认真做 lead to 导致 devoteto 贡献 stick to 坚持；遵循 object to 反对 prefer doing to 喜欢胜过于 get around to 找时间做 live up to 不辜负 refer to 指的是；适用于 belong to 属于 compareto把比作 turn to 转向；求助于 add to 增加 due to 由于；归功于 be addicted to 沉迷于 adapt to 适应 agree t
11、o 同意 be subject to 受约束 owe to 归功于thanks to 幸亏；由于 lose heart to 喜欢 tend to 倾向于 urge to 促使采取 take to喜欢 be accustomed to 习惯于即时活用：I usually enjoy his film, but the latest one _.A. didnt come up to my expectation B. didnt turn out beyond expectationC. didnt live up to my hope D. doesnt come up to our exp
12、ectation 答案：C6、Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。倍数表达法(1) 倍数（百分数）+ 形容词比较级 + than + 比较对象 增加倍This room is three times bigger than that one. 这个房子比那个房子大三倍。(2) 倍数+ as +形容词原形 + as + 比较对象是的几倍This room is three times as big as that one.
13、这个房子是那个房子的三倍。(3) 倍数 + up on +比较对象 增加倍The number of students in our school now is 200% up on that of last year.我们学校现在的学生数量比去年增加了两倍。(4) 倍数 + over +比较对象 增加倍The number of students in our school now is 200% over that of last year.我们学校现在的学生数量比去年增加了两倍。(5) 倍数 + the + 名词 + of +比较对象 是的几倍This bridge is three t
14、imes the length of that one. 这座桥的长度是那座桥的三倍。即时活用：1、Some parts in South China have experienced_ this year as they did last year.A. twice as much rain B. rain twice as much C. as twice much rain D. twice rain as much 2、My glasses cost me _ the lost pair that I bought.A. times three B. three times more
15、than C. three times as much as D. as much three times as 3、 Do you regret paying fifty dollars for the dog? - No, I would gladly have paid _ for him.A. as much twice B. twice so much C. much twice D. twice as much 4、Now the city is _ it used to be.A. three times as large as B. three time larger as C
16、. larger as three times as D. as three times larger than 答案：ACDA7、Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。rid v. 免除,清除,使.获自由 Lets get rid of this moldy old furniture. 咱们把这件发霉的家具扔了。We will be glad to get rid of him. 我们很高兴摆脱了他
17、。联想扩展：（1）be rid of 摆脱掉She was glad to be rid of him. 摆脱了他她很高兴。 Will I ever be rid of this cold? 我的感冒还能好吗？（2）get rid of 摆脱掉；戒掉It took me a month to get rid of my cough. 我的咳嗽一个月后才好。 You should get rid of smoking. 你应该戒烟。即时活用：What way are you thinking of _ rid of the flies? A. to get B. getting C. being
18、 got D. to be getting 答案：A8、He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿为自己的爱好留点时间。had / would rather 宁愿Id rather stay here a couple of days. 我想在这儿再呆几天。 I had rather you told the truth. 我宁愿的说实话。特别提示：had / would rather 表示“宁愿”时后面跟动词原形；如果后面跟从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即过去式。联想扩展：would / had ratherthan 宁愿而不愿Id
19、much rather deal with a man than with a woman. 我愿意和男人打交道，不愿和女人打交道。 即时活用：1、I _ play football than basketball. A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer 2、He insisted on staying _ back home. A. rather than going B. rather than go C. than going D. rather than to go 3、 Shall I tell them the
20、 news? -No, I would rather they _ know. A. wont B. dont C. wouldnt D. didnt 4、Id go to hell _stay with you. A. than B. rather C. rather than D. better than 5、In fact, Mary would rather have left for San Francisco _ in Los Angeles.A. by staying B. that stay C. than have stayed D. to stay6、_ you rathe
21、r sit by the window. A. Dont B. Will C. Wouldnt D. Wont 答案：A ADCCC 9、Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.袁博士从梦中醒来，希望能种植一种可以养活更多人的水稻。with the hope of抱着的希望They went to south Pacific with the hope of finding some new plants.他们去南太平洋希望找到一些新植物
22、。With the hope of recovery, she tried to live happily. 抱着康复的希望，她尽量愉快的生活。联想扩展：in the hope of 希望能We got up early in the morning in the hope of catching the first bus.我们早早起床，希望能赶上第一班车。特别提示：“with the hope of抱着的希望”一般表示客观希望；而in the hope of一般表示主观希望。即时活用：_ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from th
23、e terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life. A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure答案：B10、These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.经过很长时间，食物中所提供的化学物质会在人的体内聚集。build up(1) 建
24、设起来；发展起来He has built up a good business over the years. 几年下来他的生意发展的很不错了。We have achieved great successes in the cause of building up our country.在建设我们国家的过程中我们取得了很多成功。(2) 加强；增强You must build up your strength again. 你应该加强你的力量。Good food builds up the body. 好食品能使身体健康。(3) 积累；积聚We first have to build up s
25、ome experience. 首先我们应该积累一些经验。China has built up enough money to cope with the economic crisis.中国已经聚集了足够的经济以对以经济危机。(4) 逐步增加The clouds are building up. 乌云在聚积。The noise built up till Mary couldnt stand it any longer. 声音越来越大知道玛丽再也受不了。即时活用：1、Students should play more on the playground to _ up their bodie
26、s.A. hold B. get C. keep D. build 答案：D2、-I felt very bad these days . - Oh, you should _ your body.A. build up B. look at C. think D. take care 答案：A11、They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他们把注意力集中在保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。focus on 用法归纳：（1）对准；把光线集中在Focus the light on the object while I am ta
27、king a photo of it.我拍照时把光线集中在物体上。The scientist focused the telescope on the moon. 那个科学家把望远镜对准月球。（2）把集中在上You should focus your attention on your study. 你应该把注意力集中在学习上。All eyes were focused on her. 所有眼睛都集中在她身上。12、They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他们把注意力集中在保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。free of 用法
28、归纳：（1）没有；免受；免交 The old couple are now free of burden. 那对老年人现在没有负担。If your salary is under 1600 Yuan one month, you are free of income tax.如果你每月工资低于1600元，你就可以免交个人所得税。（2）远离；离开 When I am tired, I can be free of noisy city. 退休后，我就可以远离喧闹的城市。We will be free of school in three months. 三个月后我们就能离开学校了。特别提示: f
29、ree of还可以作短语动词，表示“使摆脱”。The housewife opened the window to free the room of smoke.主妇打开窗子让房子里的烟跑一跑。13、This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.这还可使空气、土壤、水和作物不受化学物质污染。keepfree from / of 使免受 Keep these vegetables free from poison. 使这些蔬菜别受毒物污染。Society should keep children free f
30、rom bad effects.社会应该使孩子们免受坏的影响。联想扩展：（1）free from 把从中解脱出来Teachers should free students from heavy studies. 老师应该把学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来。You should free me from housework. 你应该让我从家务中解脱出来。（2）be free from无的；免予的This sentence is free from mistake. 这个句子没错误。 I am free from disease. 我没病。即时活用：- What about the protection
31、 ?- Lets keep the surface _ dirty by putting a cover over it .A. far from B. free from C. apart from D. away from 答案：B14、He was lost in thought. 他陷入深思。be lost in用法归纳：（1）消失在中 The thief ran away and was lost in the crow. 小偷逃跑了并且消失在人群中。The snowflakes were soon lost in the water. 雪花很快消失在水中。（2）陷入；被所吸引The
32、 student was lost in thought. 那个学生陷入深思。 The boy was lost in the book. 男孩被书深深的吸引。（3）迷路 They must be lost in the forest. 他们肯定在森林中迷路了。It is very easy for a stranger to get lost in Shanghai. 陌生人在上海很容易迷路。即时活用：_ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him .A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. T
33、o lose 答案：C15、He studied ways of keeping seeds and advised farmers to choose seed-heads which had the best color.他研究保存种子的办法并且建议农民们挑选颜色最好的穗株。advise vt. & vi. 建议；劝告；出主意 用法归纳：（1）跟名词或代词They advised an early start tomorrow. 他们建议明天早点出发。We have to stay here, can I advise it? 我们必须呆在这里，我能这样建议吗？（2）advise sb.
34、(not) to do sth. 建议某人（别）做某事Can you advise me where to stay when I was in Xian? 你能建议我在西安时住在哪里吗？What would you advise me to do next? 你建议我下来做什么？（3）跟动名词He advised staying at home at night. 他建议晚上呆在家里。 We advised his studying abroad. 我们建议他去国外学习。（4）跟从句The teacher advised that he pay more attention to his s
35、pelling.老师建议他多注意拼写。They advised that I should give up my idea. 他们建议我放弃我的想法。特别提示：一坚持：insist 二命令：order, command 三建议：advise, suggest, propose 四要求：ask, demand, require, request 后跟宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语要用should +动词原形，should可以省略。另外，以上词作名词时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句的谓语也要用虚拟语气。规定同上。联想扩展：advise against 劝不要 advise on 就出主意advisabl
36、e adj. 明智的；可取的advisedly adv.有意的；经过考虑的即时活用：1、We are _ by doctors to eat more natural food and take plenty of physical exercises.A. suggested B. warned of C. informed D. advised 2、Jack should have taken the doctors advice that he _in bed for a couple of days. A. would lie B. lie C. must lie D. lay 3、I
37、 advise you at once.Ato do your homework Bdo your homeworks Cdoing your homework Ddid your homeworks 4、I advise you water that isnt boiled any more. Ato drink Bnot to drink Cto not drink Ddrinking 5、I advise the person _ to _ put into prison.A. referring; be B. referred; be C. refers; be D. referred
38、; being 答案：DBABB16、The next spring the seeds should be knocked out of their seed-heads and planted.第二年春天把种子从穗株中敲出来。knock + O + OC 用法归纳：(1) knock + O +形容词The car knocked him senseless. 车把他撞昏了。His heavy blow knocked me dumbfounded. 他重重的一拳打得我不知所措。(2) knock + O + 副词Let me knock the dust off. 我来把灰尘掸掉。 Pl
39、ease knock the ball up. 把球打起来。(3) knock + O +介词短语He knocked the dish off the table.他把盘子从桌子上撞下来了。I knocked my knee against the chair. 我把膝盖撞到椅子。联想扩展：knock about 旅行 knock back 花费掉；使吃惊 knock off下班；减价 knock out 击败；摧毁 knock over 打翻 knock up敲门叫醒；使疲惫不堪易混辨析：strike , hit , beat , knock打，击strike 打一下，打若干下；打动，使着
40、迷。hit 打中；对准打；敲打或打击对方某一点；碰撞。beat 连续性的打击；殴打或体罚；在游戏、竞赛、战争中击败对方；心跳；风雨击打。 knock 撞击；敲；打即时活用：1、Unluckily, his mother was_ by a passing car while crossing the street.A. knocked at B. knocked on C. knocked down D. knocked over 2、The old man _ in the country for many years. A. knocked over B. knocked on C. kn
41、ocked at D. knocked about 3、She _ another match and in the light she made her way without making any noise.A. hit B. beat C. knocked D. struck 答案：CDD17、Then he gave advice on turning over the soil. 然后，关于翻地他也给了建议。give advice to sb. on sth. /on how to do sth. = give sb.advice on sth. / on how to do st
42、h. 在某方面/做某事给某人建议Who can give me some advice on the matter? 在这个问题上谁能给我一些建议？Our English teacher often gives us advice on how to learn English.我们英语老师常常给我们一些怎样学习英语的建议。特别提示：advice为不可数名词。表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice。表示“一些建议”用 some / much advice。即时活用：1、Thank you for giving me _ advice, but it is difficult_ me to carry it out.A. so good; for B. such a good; of C. such good; for D. such good; of 答案：C2、 Did you have a good time?- Wonderful. You really gave me some excellent advice _ the best places to visit.A. in B. on C. above D. over 答案：B