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1、高考语法复习 主谓一致 高三英语备课组,在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。,一、语法一致原则:即主语为单数，谓语用单数;主语为复数，谓语也用复数。,思考： 1. Air as well as water matter. 空气和水都是物质。 2. No one except two servants late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。,is,was,考点一：单数主语即使后面带有with, along with, together
2、with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to引导 的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数,思考：1.The poet and writer . 那位诗人兼作家来了。 2.A hammer and a saw useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具。,has come,are,考点二：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整 体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)
3、等作主语时, 谓语动词 用单数。用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个 人，同一事,同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。,思考：1.Serving the people my greatest happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. 2. When well go out for an outing . 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。,is,has been decided,考点三：不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。,思考：1.Every boy and every girl to go swimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。 2.
4、 No teacher and no student absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。 3. Each man and (each) woman asked to help.每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。,likes,was,is,考点四：用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。 something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。,Each of us something to say. 我们每个人
5、都有话要说。,has,考点五：each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数。复数代词+each, 谓语动词用复数。,思考：1.Many a boy playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球。 2. More than one student . 不只一个学生迟到。 3.More persons than one help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。,likes,was late,come to,考点六：若主语中有more than one 或many a/an， 尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍 用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语 时, 谓语
6、动词仍用复数。,思考：None of us perfect. 人无完人。 None of this me. 这事一点不使我着急。,are (is),worries,考点七：none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数。,His clothes good. A pair of glasses on the desk.,are,is,考点八：名词如：trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数。但这些名词前若出现 a pair of，谓语一般用单数。,考点九：形复
7、意单名词如：news，以ics结尾的学科名称如：physics, mathematics, economics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如: Arabian Nights；以及The United Nations等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。,Only one and a half apples left on the table.,is,考点十：“a +名词+and a half”， “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数。,注意: one or tw
8、o + 复数名词作主语，谓 语动词用复数形式，如： One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。,Who your father？ 谁是你父亲？ Who your parents? 谁是你父母？,is,are,考点十一：who, what, which 等疑问代词作主语，其主谓一致要根据观念一致原则来确定。,二、意义一致原则：,The rest of the bikes today. 剩下的自行车今天特价出售。 60% of the apple eaten by the little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。,are on
9、sale,was,考点一：主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及 “分数或百分数+名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复 数取决于连用的名词。,A part of the textbooks arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。 A part of the apple eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。,have,has been,考点二：不定数量的词组，如：part of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数。但 a great quantity of+不可数
10、名词，谓语动词用单数；而如果a great quantity of+可数名词, 谓语动词用复数数； quantities of + 名词构成的主语，谓语动词用复数；a large amount / amounts of + 不可数名词,谓语动词根据amount的单复数而定；A number of + 复数名词，表示“许多。”，谓语动词用复数；The number of + 名词，表示“。的数量”，谓语动词用单数。,内容 一致,内容 一致,quite a,语法一致,Fifteen minus five ten. 15减去5等于10。,is,考点三：加减乘除用单数。,Ten miles a goo
11、d distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。,is,考点四：表示时间，金钱，距离，度量等的名词做主语时，尽管是复数形式，它们做为一个单一 的概念时，其谓语动词用单数。,The British police only very limited powers. 英国警察只有很有限的权力。,have,考点五：有些集体名词常作复数，包括：police， people, cattle 等。有些常作不可数名词的集体名词，如equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage。而有一些既可作单数也可作复数的集体 名词，包括audience, committee, governm
12、ent, family, class, nation, enemy, group, party, team, public等,The rich _ not always happy. A. is B. has C. have D. are,D,考点六：“the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。,三、就近原则：,Here the bus 公共汽车来了。 Here a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。,comes,is,考点一：由here, there, where等引导的倒装句中, (有时主
13、语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上 一致。,Neither the students nor the teacher anything about it. 学生和老师都不知道这事。 He or you my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。,knows,have taken,考点二：用连词or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。,He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three yea
14、rs. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been,D,Mary is one of those people who pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。,raise,特殊考点归纳： 1、one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。The (only) one of +复数名词+ who/that/which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。,The man who wants to see you here. 要见你的人在这儿。 Some of the energy that is used by
15、 man nowadays from the atom. 人类现今使用的一些能量来自原子。,is,comes,特殊考点归纳： 2、关系代词who, that, which在定语从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。,You, not I, to be praised. 是你不是我要受表扬。 I, not you, to be blamed. 是我不是你要受责备。,are,am,特殊考点归纳： 一个肯定的主语和一个否定的主语，同时并用，谓语的数往往依肯定的主语而定。,过关落实 1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three ho
16、urs of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are 解析：“a survey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离， 金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。 答案：B 2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. A.is B.are C.has been D.have b
17、een 解析：主语是“the time”，故谓语动词用单数。 答案：A,3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：此处onethird 指one third of 20 notebook computers，故为复数；与now相对，用过去时。 答案：D 4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ a
18、lso true of the Johnsons. A.are B.is C.being D.to be 解析：主语为“大部分对Smith 夫妇的说法”，看成单数，谓语 动词用is。 答案：B,5.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。 答案：A 6.The father as well as his three c
19、hildren _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：主语仍为the father，单数形式；as well as his three children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。 答案：C,7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Tw
20、o fifths；are 解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语 为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。 答案：C 8.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear. A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：every possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复数 同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时 的被动语态。 答案：C,9.As a re
21、sult of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land. A.number；has B.quantity；has C.number；have D.quantity；have 解析：a large number of 不修饰不可数名词；a large quantity of不可数名词，谓语用单数。 答案：B 10.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years. A.is B.are C.have
22、 been D.has been 解析：有the only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。 答案：D,11.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty percent of its population _ peasants. A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are 解析：population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动 词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。 答案：A 12.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ Pa
23、ris tomorrow. A.are to；for B.is to；for C.is to；to D.are to；to 解析：句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for sp.，动身去某地。 答案：B,13.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.are B.have C.is D.had 解析：either.or.遵循就近一致的原则，因your elder brother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。 答案：C 14.30% of the
24、cattle _ thin，but the rest _ fat. A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is 解析：句中主语分别为the cattle/the rest of the cattle，即“牛/余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。 答案：A,15.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on plays in China. A.were B.have been C.was D.has 解析：the writer and actor指一个人(既是作家也是演员)， 谓语动词应为单数。 答案
25、：C,两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数 Tom and Dick _ (be) good friends. 但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。 A singer and dancer _ (be) present at the party. The worker and writer _ (be) talking to the students. Bread and butter _ (taste) good. (a needle and thread,a horse and cart,a watch and chain,a coat and tie,truth and ho
26、nesty,medical help and cure),are,was,is,tastes,2用 and 连接的两个名词若被 no, each, every, many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。 No bird and no beast _ (be) seen in the bare island. Many a boy and many a girl _ (have) made such a funny experiment. At Christmas each boy and each girl _(be) given a present.,is,has,is,3两个主语由not o
27、nlybut also, or, eitheror, neithernor等连接时，谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致 Either he or I _ (be) to go there. _ (be) either you or he going to attend the meeting?,am,Are,4.主语后有as well as, like, with, together with, but, except, besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致 A professor, together with some students, _ (be) sent to help in th
28、e work. No one but the teachers _ (be) allowed to use the room.,was,is,5一些集合名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数如audience, committee，class(班级),crew（全体船员或机组人员), family, government, public(公众)等，但people, police, cattle等只能用复数My family _ (be) a big family. My family _ (be) listening to the radio. The po
29、lice _ (be) trying to catch the thief.,is,are,are,6.通常作复数的集体名词 有些集体名词，如police, people, cattle, militia, poultry(家禽),)等，通常作复数，用复数动词。例如： Domestic cattle _(provide) us with milk, beef and hides.,provide,7.通常作不可数名词的集体名词 有一些集体名词，如machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise (商品)，clothing 通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单
30、数。例如： The merchandise _(have) arrived undamaged. All the machinery in the factory _ (be) made in China.,has,is,8表示时间、重量、长度等名词，尽管是复数形式，但作为一个整体看，谓语还是用单数。 Five minutes _ (be) enough. One dollar and seventy eight cents _ (be) what she has.,is,is,9. all 作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，一般 看作单数。 All that I wa
31、nt _ (be) a good dictionary. All _ (be) silent. 人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。 All _ (be) out of danger.,is,were,were,10 形容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。 What a life the poor were living! The young are happy to give their seats to the old.,11who, which, that 作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。 Those who want to go should sign your name
32、s here. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.,12. 以-ics结尾的学科名称 某些以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学）athlet-ics(体育学)、等，通常作单数用。例如：,13.其他以-s结尾的名词
33、英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如scissors(剪子)，pincers(钳子)，glasses(眼镜），shorts(短裤)，trousers(裤子)，suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词，如果不带一把、一副、一条等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。例如： 如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。 例如：One pair of scissors isnt enough.,14.以-s结尾的地理名称 某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States,the United Nations,the Netherlands
34、等，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称、通常作复数用。例如： The West Indies,apart from the Bahamas,are commonly divided into two parts.The Himalayas（喜马拉雅山脉) have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.,15.英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如
35、: arms(武器), clothes(衣服), contents(内容，目录) fireworks(烟火), goods(货物), minutes(记录), morals(道德，品行), remains(遗体), stairs(楼梯), suburbs (郊区), thanks(谢意), wages(工资)等， 通常作复数。,16.凡是由-ings结尾的名词，如: clippings (剪下来的东西), diggings (掘出的东西), earnings (收入), filings (锉屑), lodgings (租住的房屋), surroundings (环境), sweepings (
36、扫拢的垃圾) 等, 通常作复数用。例如： The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt. The sweepings of the godown(仓库) have been disposed of.,17. 还有一些以-s接的单、复数同形的名词，如: headquarters(总部), means(方法、手段), series(系列), species(种类), works(工厂)等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是用作复数。例如： A headquarters was set up to direct the operation
37、 (指挥作战). Their headquarters are in Paris. The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms (诉诸武力).,18. remains用于遗体意义时，随后的动词通常作复数： His remains lie in the churchyard. The martyrs remains were buried at the foot of the hill. 但作遗迹或剩余物解释时，可作复数或单数用： Here is the remains of a temple. The remains of th
38、e meal were/was fed to the dog.,19.如果作主语的名词词组由“分数(或百分数)+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。例如： Two thirds of the swampland(沼泽地) _ (have) been reclaimed(开垦). Over sixty per cent of the city _ (be) destroyed in the war. Thirty-five per cent of the doctors _ (be) women.,has,was,were,20.如果主语是all of .,some of .
39、,none of .,half of .,most of .等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。例如： Most of the money _ recovered by Deputy Player. Most of the members _ there. All of the cargo _ lost. All of the crew _ saved.,was,were,was,were,21.两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。例如： Forty minus fifteen (40-15) leaves twenty-f
40、ive. Forty divided by eight (40/8) is five. Seven and five (7+5) makes/make twelve. Five times eight (5+8) is /are forty.,22.如果主语是由“a kind/sort/type of ,this kind/sort/type of +名词”构成，动词用单数。例如： This kind of man annoys me.,但若在kind/sort/type之前的限定词是these/those,同时，of-词组中的名词又是复数，则动词用复数： These kinds of men
41、 annoy me. Those types/sorts of machines are up to date.,23.如果主语是由“many a+名词”或“more than one +名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。例如： Many a man has done his duty. More than one game was lost.,24. 1)由who, why, how, whether等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。,2).两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。例如： What
42、caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.,3).以what-分句作主语的SVC结构 在以what-分句作主语的SVC结构中，主句补语是复数名词，如果主句谓语动词可用复数。,25. 1).在“one of+复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句动词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。例如： Joan is one of those people who go out of thier way to be helpful.,2).在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the only 等限定词和强调词时，关系分句动词形式依one而定，用单数。例如： Selfishness is the one of her many faults which defeats itself.,Good-bye!,