宾语从句讲解(5页).doc

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1、-宾语从句讲解-第 5 页 宾语从句讲解 宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、基本讲解 1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you

2、said. (介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. (2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei . 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We

3、are talking about whether well go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you? 特殊情况：

4、当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态 a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如： Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）? b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如： I didnt know （if/whether he had seen the film.） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： He s

5、aid （that the earth moves round the sun.） The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.） 4.、人称的变化和标点的使用 a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He a

6、sked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number. b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives? 二、宾语从句的转化 1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，

7、从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths. 2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如： I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy. 3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, t

8、each等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how to get to the park? 4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She fo

9、und the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 宾语从句专项习题 1.Have you decided _for Australia? A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave 2.Can you tell me _ ? A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 3.The old man asked me _

10、 . A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema 4.I think _ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how 5.I didnt know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ . A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do

11、 these shoes cost C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost 7.She asked me _ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is 8.Ask him _. A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ . A. what time the movie starts B.

12、what time starts the movie C. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ . A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _. A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow C. if it will rain

13、tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow 12.Do you know _? A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to 13.Could you tell me where _? A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape 14.They want to know _? A. where is the hospital B. how

14、 old are you C. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying 15.Tony wanted to know _. A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking C. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking 16.No one

15、knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not. A.when B. whether C. where D. if 17.July didnt know_. A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch made C. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch 18.No one told us _, so we need your help. A. how sho

16、uld we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do 19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea. A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do 20.He asked me _. A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the mon

17、ey C. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money 能力提高练习 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he

18、 come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B

19、. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I dont know _. Can you te

20、ll me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10. I ca

21、nt understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 11. I dont know _ he will be back home. A. who B. what C. when D. where 12. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D.

22、 where you live in 13. Do you still remember _? A. that he said B. what he said C.did he say that D. what did he say 14. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left 15. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. h

23、ad risen 16. They tried to find out _ the new train _. A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone C. how far/ went D. how far / had run 17. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter 18. Can you tell me _? A. what are you doi

24、ng B. where do you study C. what you were doing D. what to do it 19. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen 20.No one tells us_， so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it 点击高考 1.

25、Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _. . A. when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the way C. where was this kind of plant found D. how do elephants communicate 2. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? -Sorry. I dont know _. . A. when did he

26、go abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad 3. -May I come in ? Im sorry I am late. -Come in, please. But could you please tell me _. ? A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school 4. -Co

27、uld you please tell me _. ? -Bus No.32 will take you right there. A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum 5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _. . A. where they have been B. where are

28、they C. where are they from D. where they have gone 6. -Do you know _. the Capital Museum? -Next Friday. A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited 7. He wanted to know _.the English party. A. when will we have B. when we will have C. when would we ha

29、ve D. when we would have 8. I want to know _. . A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at 9.-David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me _. ? -He is a doctor. A. who

30、is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is 10. -Could you tell me _. ? He is wanted by the head teacher. -Sorry, Ive no idea. But he _ here just now. A. where Tim; was B. where is Tim; was C. where Tim is; was D. where Tim is; is 宾语从句巩固练习 1. D 2. D3. C4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A8. A 9. A 10. D11. C 12.

31、B 13. C 14. C15. C 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. D20. D 能力提高练习 1. D. 2. D. 3. D. 4. C 5. D6. A 7. D8. D9. B10. D11. C. 12. B. 13. B. 14. A. 15. C. 16. D. 17. A. 18. D. 19. C. 20. C. 点击高考 1. A. 我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣，但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。 2. D. 布朗先生什么时候回中国？抱歉。我不知道他会在国外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。 3. A. 我可以进来吗？很抱歉我迟到

32、了。请进，但请你告诉我为什么又迟到了吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。 4. D. 你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆（我坐几路车能到河南博物馆）吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。 5. D. 彼得说怀特一家正在度假，但没有人知道他们去了哪里。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。They have been to他们去过某个地方，现在已经回来了；they have gone to他们去了某个地方，现在还没有回来。 6. B. 你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗？下周五。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。 7. D. 你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应的过去时态，宾语从句应该用陈述语序。 8. A. 我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。 9. D. David,看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么的吗？他是医生。询问职业用what；宾语从句应该用陈述语序。 10. C. 你能告诉我蒂姆在哪里吗？班主任在找他。对不起，我不知道。但是他刚才在这里。动词tell后接的宾从应用陈述语序，just now提示应该用was.