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1、中考英语语法,第二十讲 5种特殊句型,第一部分：祈使句,祈使句的肯定句式,祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型： 1.行为动词原形其它成分。例如： Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。 2. Be动词其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如： Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 3. Let宾语动词原形其它成分。例如： Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。,祈使句的否定句式,祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never，一般分为以下三种类型： 1.在祈使句的肯定句式
2、前加Dont，构成Dont行为动词原形其它成分。例如： Dont say that again!别再那样说了！ 2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont，构成Dont be其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Dont be careless.不要粗心。 注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。 3.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用No名词/V-ing形式结构，表示禁止做某事。例如： NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！,祈使句的回答,祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是形
3、式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反，即Yes是不的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。,- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 - Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。,第二部分：感叹句,表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种：一种以what引导，一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号“！”通常用感叹号。 例：What a c
4、lever boy he is！ 多么聪明的男孩啊！ 例：How clever the boy is！ 这个男孩多聪明啊！,What引导的感叹句！,what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式： 1. What +a(an) +（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如： What an apple this is! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What kind women they are! What nice music it is!,How引导的感叹句,由How引导的感叹句。 how用来修饰形容词、副词或
5、动词。 其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！ How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 How the runner runs!,what与how引导的感叹句，可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。 What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! What a beautiful building it is!=How be
6、autiful the building is! 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如： What a nice present!（省略it is） How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）,第三部分：反义疑问句,前肯后否前否后肯,Jim is doing his homework, isnt he? Tom wasnt watching TV at 8 yesterday, was he? You went to Beijing yesterday, didnt he? You knew nothing about him, did you? Th
7、ere is little water in the cup, is there? There are a few apples in the bag, arent there?,反意疑问句的一般情况,1.Tom is good at English, isnt he? 2. Mike likes playing basketball, doesnt he? 3. I can play basketball, cant I ? 4. My father has been to Beijing twice, hasnt he ? 5. This/that is a table, isnt it?
8、 (these, those- they),反意疑问句特殊情况 1,当陈述部分含有little/few/never/hardly/seldom/no/neither/nobody/nothing,none等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。 She has few friends, does she? She has never been there,has she? There was nothing in the box, was there? None of us knows it, do we?,2,当陈述部分否定意义的词如：unhappy, dislike,careless
9、等含有否定词缀在派生词时，仍按肯定句对待，疑问部分用否定形式。 He looks unhappy today, doesnt he ? The girl dislikes history ,doesnt she?,3，陈述部分为I think/ believe/ suppose 引导的宾语从句，疑问部分根据从句的情况及整句所表达的肯定或否定意义来完成。 I think he is at home isnt he? I dont believe Tom can succeed, can he ?,4,当陈述部分是there be句型时， There are some apples. arent
10、there? There will be robots in peoples home in the future, wont there? 5,省略的感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定形式，并用be 的一般现在时。 What a clever boy， isnt he? What beautiful girls, arent they?,6,祈使句的反意疑问句 Please close the door, wont you? Dont close the door, will you? Let 开头的祈使句 Lets go, shall we? Let us go, will you? 7， 陈
11、述部分是I am.，疑问部分要用 arent I. Im as tall as your sister，arent I ？,8,陈述部分有have to +v.原 (had to + v.原)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。 We have to get there at eight, dont we? 9，陈述部分若为主从复合句，疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。 She said he would come tomorrow, didnt she? He told us how to get to the farm, didnt he?,前否后肯的反意疑问句如何回答
12、,1.It is a fine day ,isnt it? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 2. It isnt a fine day, is it? Yes(不), it is. No(是的), it isnt. 注意：永远不可能出现yes后面跟否定形式或者no 后面永远不可能跟肯定形式的情况。,第四部分：it的特殊用法,It作形式主语,Itiswas形容词（forof sb）动词不定式短语,对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of，一般遵循这样的规则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词，如：difficult， easy，hard，important，dangerous等用f
13、or；如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等则用of。 It is interesting to play with snow in winter 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 Its important for us to keep the water clean 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 Its very kind of you to say so 你这样说真是太好了。,这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。 Its a good habit to get up early and go
14、 to bed early 早睡早起是好习惯。 It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 It feels strange to have a twin sister 有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。,Itiswas形容词从句,It is certain that he will come 他一定会来。 Its true that he may fall behind the other students 他真的可能落后于其他同学。 It is strange that he should say so
15、 他居然这么说，真是奇怪。,其他it作形式主语,1.It is was ones turn（duty，pleasure） to do sth 意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。 如： Its your turn to be on duty tomorrow 明天轮到你值日了。 2.It takes（sb）some time to do sth 意为“（某人）花时间做某事”。如： It took me a week to finish reading the book 我花了一周时间看完这本书。 3.It costcosts sbsome money to do sth
16、译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。 如： It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch 我买这块新手表花了260元。 4.It seems seemed 从句。 译为“看起来好像”，此结构可以转换成“seem 动词不定式”形式。如： It seems that he is illHe seems to be ill看起来他好像病了。,It作形式宾语,it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语谓语it宾语补足语动词不定式动名词从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。,He found it not easy to learn a foreign language wel
17、l 他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。 We think it no good reading in bed 我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。 I think it necessary that we have the meeting 我认为开这个会是必要的。,第五部分：倒装句,常见的倒装句形式,1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装。如: There once lived an old hunter in the house. 这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。 There seems to be many listeners. 似乎有很多听众。,2
18、. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首(经常与go, come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。如: Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如: Here they are. 他们在这儿。,3. 当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助词/ 情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致。如: I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。 So has he.
19、他也做完了。 I havent seen that film. 我没看过那部电影。 Neither (Nor) have I. 我也没有。,4. not only. but also.连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如: Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed. 他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。,练习题,1.Sorry，Joe. I didnt mean to.Dont call me “Joe” .Im Mr. Parker
20、 to you，and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 答案：D。 2.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you_ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 答案：A。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句 3.Stand over there，_ youll be able to s
21、ee it better.A. or B. while C.but D. and 答案：祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句,4.English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it？Yes._ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Knew 答案：A。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句。 5.Lose one hour in the
22、morning，_you will be looking for it the rest of the day.A. but B. and C. or D. so 答案：B。祈使句，+and you will。祈使句相当于条件状语从句,6_badtheweatheris!AHow BWhat CWhata DHowa 答案：A。 7_goodnewsitis!AHow BWhata CHowa DWhat 答案：D。,8_thesunshineis!AWhatabright BHowabright CHowbright Dwhatbright 答案：C。 9_hewrites.AHowgood
23、 BHowwell CWhatgood DWhatwell 答案：B。 10_LiLeiruns!AWhatfastboy BWhatfast CHowfast DHowafast 答案：C。,11. Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,_A. dont they B. didnt they C. did they D. do they 答案：C。前面有few表示否定的词，后面的疑问结构用肯定。 12. His sister had a bad cough, _she?A. wasnt B. doesnt C. hadn
24、t D. didnt 答案：D。前肯后否。,15. The lady couldnt say a word when she saw the snake,_?A. could the lady B. couldnt the lady C. could she D. couldnt she 答案：C。 16. Tina is unhappy now,_?A. isnt she B. is she C. is he D.did she 答案：A。有前缀变的否定含义的词前面的句子依然当成肯定句。,13. John can hardly understand any Chinese, _he?A. C
25、ant B. doesnt C. can D. does 答案：C。前面有hardly表示否定的词，后面的疑问结构用肯定。 14. Dont smoke in the meeting-room,_?A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 答案：B。前面是祈使句用will you。,17. Everything will be OK, _ ? A. will it B. wont it C. will they D. wont they 解析：B。Everthing做主语，疑问结构中用it。 18. He said I was hardwork
26、ing, _? A. did he B. didnt he C. was I D. wasnt I 解析：B。主从复合句用主句变附加疑问句。,19. I dont think he made things worse, _? A. do I B. dont I C. did he D. didnt he 答案：C。由I think等引导的从句要看从句来变附加疑问句。 20. -Youve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you ?-_. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.A. Yes, I have B. No, I h
27、avent C. Certainly, I have D. Of course, I havent 答案：B。,21. I dont think _ difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years.A. that B. it C. too D. very 答案：B。It是形式主语真正主语是后面的不定式。 22. It is _of you to cheat in the exam.A. dangerous B. difficult C. foolish D. kind 答案：C。It
28、is+形容人的形容词+of sb to do sth。,23. _ is very clear to everyone that he is round and tall like a tree. A. This B. What C. That D. It 答案:D。It是形式主语真正主语是后面的that从句。 24. Wow! Your T-shirt is so cool. I also want _ . Thanks a lot！ A. it B. that C. one D. this 答案：C。It指同类同物，one指同类不同物。,25. - I hear youve written
29、 another novel. - Yes. _ be out in a month or two.A. That canB. One may C. It shouldD. The one will 答案：C。It指同类同物。 26. Look! _. A. Here the bus comes B. Here is the bus coming C. Here comes the bus D. Here the bus is coming. 答案：C。Here放句首句子全倒装。,27. She did not see Smith. _. A. Neither did I B. Nor did
30、nt I C. Neither I did D. So didnt I 答案：A。 28. -It was hot yesterday. -_. A. It was so B. So was it C. So it was D. So it did 答案：C。So it was表示确实如此。,29. -Where is your brother? -There_. A. he is coming B. he comes C. comes he D. does he come 答案：B。There放句首句子全倒装主语为人称代词不倒装。 30. After that we never saw her again, nor _ from her. A. did we hear B. we heard C. has we heard D. we have heard 答案：A。,