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1、-初中英语阅读理解解题技巧【知识小结】（先由学生独立小结，老师最后书面小结）阅读理解口诀：阅读分精泛，快慢相间；预想在先，生词不看；抓住观点，重点三看；行云流水，字里行间；材料观点，铭记心间；牢记问题，抓住关键；回问查看，比较选项；选择答案，排除在先；先易后难，不可弄反；调整节奏，计时答完；表达方式，必须牢记；防止遗忘，勤于动笔；边答边查，防止题落；节省时间，避免遗憾。【作业】One day a tiger (老虎) caught a fox (狐狸) in the forest(森林). Before the tiger could eat him up, the fox cried out
2、, You cant eat me. Dont you know that Im king (王) of the forest. If you eat me up, all the other animals in the forest will be angry with you. The tiger didnt believe him. How can such a small animal be king of the forest? He asked himself. If you dont believe me, the fox said. then take a walk with
3、 me in the forest. You can see for yourself whether (是否) they are afraid of me. The tiger thought it was a good idea, so they stared together. The fox walked in front and the tiger went behind. When the other animals saw the tiger coming, they ran away as fast as they could.See for yourself, Mr Tige
4、r, he called out quickly. All the animals are afraid of me.Yes, yes, the tiger said. You are quite right. He then let the fox go.（ ）1、One day a tiger caught a . Adog Bpig Ccat Dfox（ ）2、The fox walked the tiger. Ain front of Bin the middle of Cbehind Dbeside（ ）3、In fact (事实上) the other animals are af
5、raid of the . Afox Btiger Cdog Delephant（ ）4、When the other animals saw the tiger, they .Awere angry Bwere happy Cran off Dwere sad（ ）5、The tiger didnt eat the fox at last, did he? AYes, he didnt BNo, he did CNo, he didnt DYes, he did提高阅读理解的应试技巧：阅读理解不仅要求学生能读懂材料本身，而且要求读者能抓住文章的主旨大意和思想倾向，有时还要求推理判断出文章未直
6、接说明的内容。一般阅读理解主要有几个题型：直接解答题。这类题在短文中可直接找到，用来测试学生一般的阅读能力。词义理解题。用来测试学生对一些词语在特定语境中的意义，一般根据上下文推测词义或句子的含义，用来测试学生的推测能力。归纳概括题。要求学生在完全读懂并掌握文章的中心大意后，通过归纳总结才能选出正确答案。推理判断题。这类题型答案不明确，要求学生对阅读材料进行必要的逻辑推理，了解作者的态度和思想倾向，写作动机和文章的寓意，主要是测试学生的逻辑推理能力。查阅法：查阅法是一种查寻式阅读，它是从阅读材料中有目的，有选择地迅速查找某一具体事实或特定信息的技能，其要求是快速，准确。即没有必要通读全文，只要
7、能快速找到想索取的有关内容就算完成了阅读任务。在考试中，学生做阅读理解题时，这一方法就可以应用，即学生先把文章后面的问题读一遍，看清每个题干是什么意思，然后，带着这些问题去读文章，这样，就有明确的目标，没有必要每个词，每个句子都弄清楚。总之，这一方法要求学生在不连贯的、跳跃式的阅读中能够迅速掌握所需信息。-第 5 页一中考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：1. 文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右；2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3. 体裁多样，包阔记叙文、说明文、应用文等。二中考阅读理解主要考查6种能力：1掌握所读材料主旨和大意的能力此类考查主旨和大意的题
8、大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：1) Which is the best title of the passage?2) Which of the following is this passage about?3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.4) The passage tells us that_.5) This passage mainly talks about_.2.把握文章的事实和细节的能力此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：1) W
9、hich of the following is right?2) Which of the following is not mentioned?3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?4) Choose the right order of this passage.5) From this passage we know _.3.根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：1) The word “ ” in the passage probably
10、 means _.2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _.3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means _.4) Here “it” means_.4.对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，短语之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：1) Many visitors come to the writers city to _.2) Some shops can be built Dongfeng Square so
11、that they may _.3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _.4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?5.依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.2) We can infer from th
12、e text that _.3) From the letters weve learned that its very _ to know something about American social customs.4) From the story we can guess _.5) What would be happy if ?6.推断作者意图和态度的能力。此类题目的主要提问方式是：1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?2) The writer writes this text to _.3) The writer believ
13、es that _.4) The writer suggests that _.三题目类型1.A类题：可以直接从原文中找到答案的题目A类题是拿分题。丢分原因：1）凭印象做题，准确率低。2）时间把握最容易出问题：忘记内容的时候往往会回到文章中去找答案，一篇文章往往要读好几遍。A类题解题技巧：看清题目所问的内容之后，要在原文中划出原句，并标上题号。这样做的目的：1）做到万无一失，保证把该拿到的分数拿到手。2）减少阅读文章的次数，争取宝贵的时间。2.B类题：不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题需要经过分析、判断、推理之后才能解答的题。该类题是失分题，往往是出题老师用来拉开学生梯度和层次的题。B类题包括：文
14、章主题和中心大意等，一般都是主旨题。B类题解题技巧：1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为怎么样”的观点。2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。所以，当看到第一答案是正确的时候，也要看后面的答案。遇到这种情况，往往有学生钻牛角尖。老师给学生解释的时候，也可以这样说：你的答案没错，但是另一个答案更好，更全面。答案不选对的，只选最好的。比答案的原则是：好的不知道的；不知道的不对的。3、注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则
15、，一般都要排除。比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：Almost everyone likes the music. 答题时，要你判断如下这个句子正误（True or False）：Everyone likes the music. 该句子应该是错误的。4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。5、“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当不知道，不要妄自猜测，自作聪明，一切以文章内容为准。四、五点注意注意一：试题各小题所提供的四个备选项，有的是语法、结构上有错误，有的是与短文意思不相符。解题时要把有结构、语法错误的先排除，再考虑是否
16、符合短文内容。注意二：对短文中的生词或看不懂的句子，应大胆根据构词法及上、下文意思进行猜测，尤其对涉及文中某个词或某个句子含义的选择试题，要根据文章所阐述的主要内容及上、下文内在逻辑关系，大胆分析推断，去伪存真选出正确答案。注意三：对于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意图及短文标题等选择试题，虽然短文中没有直接说明，可统观全文，通过短文所提供的材料或联想短文材料以外的常识，如结合已学过的自然、社会科学知识加以综合理解、分析推测或按作者的思路进行推理，从而推断出正确答案。注意四：做选择试题时一般先做在文中能直接找到依据的细节题，后做主旨题、推理题。这样在对语篇有更多领悟的基础上再进行推理判断和概括总结，
17、把握性就更大。注意五：阅读的顺序一般是先读短文，再看题目，然后逐题作答。若文章较长，也可以先将测试题目通览一遍，然后带着问题阅读文章。这样对与答题有关的段落、句子反应敏感，而对其他与答题无关的部分可以不必花费太多时间，阅读速度就可加快些。 例：如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义一、根据定义或解释猜测词义A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to
18、 tell a secret”.Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he _.A. makes everyone know a secretB. the woman bout a catC. buys a cat in the bagD. sells the cat in the bag二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断As they go around town, the police help people
19、. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.In the te
20、xt, “put an end to” means “_”.A. stopB. cutC. killD. fly三、根据并列或同位关系猜测词义There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?A. 自来水B. 大气C. 冰川
21、D. 蒸汽四、根据背景和常识判断The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care of my little bird. Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiti
22、ng my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”An ornithologist is probably a person who _.A. studies birdsB. loves creaturesC. majors in habitsD. takes care of trees