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1、-初中英语反义疑问句的用法归纳-第 6 页反义疑问句It looks like rain, doesnt it?He doesnt need to work so late, does he?This is a dictionary, isnt it?Those are shelves, arent they?There once was a man named Saint Nicholas, wasnt there?I am very interested in learning English, arent I?4)陈述句的主语是动词不定式,动词的-ing形式或从句时,疑问部分的主语多用i
2、t来体现。如:Taking care of our environment is very important, isnt it?What he said is right, isnt it?5)陈述句中含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, too to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时,疑问部分常用肯定形式。如:Few people knew the news, did they?Tom has never been to England , has he?She is unhappy, isnt she?No one knows him,
3、 do they?Someone is waiting for you, isnt he?Nobody says a word about the accident, do they?Everything seems all right, doesnt it?7)陈述句是主从复合句时,如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, expect, feel, guess等词,且主语是第一人称I或we时,反意疑问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致,同时还要考虑到否定的转移(否定前移)。如:I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, can
4、t he? I dont think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, cant she? 若是第二第三人称的话,反义疑问句应该看主句:She thought it is meaningless,didnt she? 如果是转述的要注意:He said that you were in hospital,werent you?(这里是对着那个you说的) 8)祈使句的反义疑问句中:lets 的要用shall we;let us 的要用will you;其他形式的都用will you。如:Go and get it for
5、 me, wont you?去帮我取个东西,好吗?Lets meet at the airport, shall we ? 我们在机场碰头,行不行? Have a little more wine, will you ? 喝点儿酒,好吗? 9)must的反义疑问句:陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 Amust表示“应该”,其疑问部分用mustnt(不应该),如: You must work hard next term, mustnt you ? 下学期你应该努力学习,对吗? Bmust表示“必须”,其疑问部分用neednt(不必),如: They must finis
6、h the work today, neednt they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗? C陈述部分含情态动词mustnt,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用must或may,如: You mustnt stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗? Dmust表示推测 ,其疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。如: 对现在动作或存在的情况的推测 : You must know the answer to the exercise, dont you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是? That must be your
7、 bed, isnt it? 那一定是你的床,是吗? 对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时疑问部分中的动词就用现在完成时。(havent / hasnt + 主语) You must have told her about it, havent you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗? 10)have作为动词的反义疑问句:have to 的短语,且只充当一般动词的作用,助动词为do,does,和普通的一般疑问句没有任何差别,提问还是用do,does引导。 We have to finish it ,dont we?当用have,has做助动词的时候,疑问句
8、才用它们引导,如: She has seen it,hasnt she?这里的助动词就是has当陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadnt等开头: Youd better get up early, hadnt you? 其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用dont等开头;如have表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:do或 have He has two sisters,doesnt he? =He has two sisters,hasnt he? He doesnt have any sisters, does he?当must+have done表示对
9、过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didnt+主语”或“wasnt/werent+主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“havent/hasnt+主语”。 She must have read the novel last week,didnt she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗? You must have told her about it, havent you?你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗? 11)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。 We need
10、 not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 12)感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。 What colours, arent they? What a smell, isnt it? 13)陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are
11、we? 14)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I? 15) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 16) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? 17) 陈
12、述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 18) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。 Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译
13、成“是”。例 -He likes playing football, doesnt he? 他喜欢踢足球,是吗? -Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 是的。/ 不是。 -His sister didnt attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗? -Yes, she did. / No, she didnt. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。反意疑问句的练习1. Youd rather watch TV this evening, _?a. isnt it b. hadnt you c. wouldnt you d. wo
14、nt you2. I suppose youre not going today, _?a. are you b. do you c. dont you d. arent you3. I wish to shake hands with you, _?a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I4. Three hours ought to be enough time, _?a. oughtnt three hours b. didnt they c. shouldnt it d. shouldnt three hours5. They have to study
15、a lot, _?a. dont they b. havent they c. did they d. hadnt they6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, _ ?a. didnt he b. did he c. did it d. didnt it7. Im sure dirty, _?a. am I b. isnt I c. arent I d. am not I8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I dont think you ju
16、dged your ability objectively when you applied for it, _ you?a. do b. did c. dont d. didnt9. Thats the sort of the book you want, _?a. is it d. isnt that c. is that d. isnt it10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, _?a. are they b. arent theyc. are all these dictionaries d. arent all the
17、se dictionaries反意疑问句的用法核心提示:反意疑问句又称附加疑问句,是疑问句的一种,是初中英语语法的重要知识点之一,通过本文提供的大量例句及反意疑问句特殊用法总结,您将对反意疑问句的基本构成以及结构用法有更进一步的了解。一.反意疑问句的定义反意疑问句(The Disjunctive Questions )是疑问句的一种,它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问,形式上是个省略句,附在陈述部分之后,并用逗号与陈述部分隔开(主语一般用相应的代词;有时这种问句并没有反意疑问句的意味,而是提出一个事实上听话人承认的问题。所以,人们统称为附加疑问句(Tag Questions )。附加疑问句主要是
18、由“陈述句 + 附加疑问”构成,附加疑问部分的动词一般要与陈述部分的动词相对应,附加疑问部分的主语要与陈述部分的主语相对应,如果陈述部分的主语是名词词组,则附加疑问部分用相应的代词表示。二.附加疑问句的类型附加疑问句的类型为:陈述句 + 反意附加疑问。该类型又可以分为以下两种情况阐述: 当陈述句为肯定式时,附加疑问句用否定形式,即肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句。例句:Its very hot today, isnt it ? Yes, it is . 今天天气很热,是不是? 是的,很热。That clock is slow ,isnt it? Yes, it is. 这钟是缓慢的,不是吗?是的
19、,它是。You want to get your TV set back , dont you ? Yes , I do.你想您的电视机回来,不是吗?是的,我是这样想的。 当陈述句用否定式时,附加疑问句用肯定形式,即否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句。例句:It isnt very hot today, is it ? 今天不是很热,是吗?That clock isnt slow ,is it ? 这钟不是缓慢的, 是吗?注意这一类型的附加疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就要用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no,这与汉语不一样,应特别注意。例句:She isnt a teacher
20、 , is she? 她不是教师,是吗?Yes , she is. 不,她是。No, she isnt .是的 , 她不是。三.附加疑问句的构成1.当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone ,someone, no one, nobody, somebody 等指人的合成词时,附加疑问部分的主语在正式语体中通常用he,在非正式文体中则往往用they。例句Nobody likes to lose money , does he? 没有人愿意赔钱,那么他呢?Everyone enjoyed the party, didnt they /he ? 每个人都很喜欢这个舞会,他们不是吗?
21、2.当陈述部分的主语是everything ,anything, something, nothing 等指物的合成词时,附加疑问部分的主语只能用 it。例句Nothing is difficult , is it ? 没什么难的事情,不是吗?Everything seems all right , doesnt it ? 所有的事情都好了,不是吗?3.当陈述部分是there 引起的句时,附加疑问部分的主语也用there。例句There is a boat on the river, isnt there? 河上有一只船, 不是吗?There stands a house and a lot
22、of trees , doesnt there? 那有一座房子还有一些树,不是吗?4.当陈述部分含有seldom , hardly, scarely, no, not,never, rarely,few, little, nothing, nobody , nowhere 等否定词或半否定词,附加疑问部分采用肯定形式。例句Nobody phoned while I was out ,did they ? 当我在外面的时候没有人来电话,是吗?Few people know him ,do they ? 几乎没有人认识他,是吗?He has never been to Beijing ,has h
23、e? 他从来没有去过北京,是吗?5.当陈述部分含有un- ,in- ,im-, il-, ir-, dis-等否定前缀或less等否定后缀构成的派生词时,附加疑问则用否定形式。例句Its unfair, isnt it ? 那不公平,不是吗?She dislikes it , doesnt she? 她不喜欢它,不是吗?6.当陈述部分含有no one , nobody , none ,nothing ,neither等作动词的宾语时,附加疑问部分采用肯定形式。例句He has nothing to say ,does(nt) he? 他没什么可说的,是吗?You got nothing fro
24、m him, did(nt) you? 你从他那什么都没得到,是吗?四.18种特殊的反意疑问句语法总结1. 祈使句:祈使句后一般加上will you 或wont you 构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用wont you多表示提醒对方注意。2. 感叹句:感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be 的一般现在时态的否定形式。3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need , dare, used to 且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do 的适当形式。4. 陈述部分主、谓语是I am 时,反意疑问句用arent I 或aint I, 而不是am not I (可用am I n
25、ot )。5. 陈述部分的主语是everything ,nothing,anything 或something时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it 。6. 陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone ,nobody, no one, none, neither时,其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they 。7. 陈述部分的主语是指示代词this 或that 时,反意疑问句的主语用it , 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these 或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they 。8. 陈述部分的主语是不定代词one 时,反
26、意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可以用you (美式英语用he )。9. 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom, hardly, never, not , no, no one , nobody ,nothing ,none, nether等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。10. 当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然有否定结构。11. 含有否定含意的词在陈述部分做动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可用否定结构。12. 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing 形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。13. 当陈述
27、部分含I think (believe ,suppose)that结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。14. have(has) 不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。15. 陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。16. 陈述部分是there be 句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there .17. 陈述部分有had better 时,其反意疑问句要用hadnt.18. 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们最好分析一下must的含义。如果must作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustnt或neednt;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选相应的形式。