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1、-专题：倒装句-第 7 页倒装句一.倒装句概述英语句子的基本语序是“主语+谓语+其他成分”，即主语在前，谓语在后。但有时出于语法和修辞上的需要，把句子的整个谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语前面，就构成了倒装。倒装句分为完全倒装 、部分倒装和形式倒装。完全倒装 ：把主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装。部分倒装：只把助动词（包括系动词、情态动词等）移到主语之前，叫做部分倒装。形式倒装：形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是只把强调句的内容提到句首，主谓并不倒装。二.倒装句之完全倒装 完全倒装 是把整个谓语置于主语之前。常见的结构有： 1）here, there, now, then等副词置于句首,
2、谓语动词常用be, come, go, run等表示来去或状态的动词，即“Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,run等) + 主语 的结构。例如： Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。 【注意】如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如: Here you are.2）表示运动方向的副词（如out, in, up, down等）或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词,要用完全倒装。例如： In came Mr. White. Out rushed a missile from und
3、er the bomber. 轰炸机底下窜出一枚导弹。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。 On the desk lies piles of（pile堆，a pile of后既可加可数名词，又可加不可数名词） books.桌子上有几堆书。【注意】如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。3) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist.) 句型中。例如： There are thousands of people on the square. There lived an old fisherman
4、in the village. There stands a little girl.4） 分词短语置于句首时Lying on the floor was a boy aged about twelve.躺在地上的是一个大约二十岁的小男孩。5) such置于句首时 Such was Albert Einstein a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦，一个质朴的人，也是二十世纪最伟大的科学家。6）在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如： Long live the Peoples Republic of Chi
5、na! 中华人民共和国万岁！7) 在“表语+系动词+主语”的结构中Present at the meeting were experts on art.出席会议的是艺术方面的专家。Many and long were the conversations they held through the prison way.在去监狱的路上，他们进行了多次长谈。三.倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词（包括系动词、情态动词等）倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句子为疑问句时一般疑问句中，把助动词放在主
6、语之前，构成语法倒装；疑问词做宾语、表语或状语的特殊疑问句要把疑问词放在句首，把助动词（包括系动词、情态动词）放在主语前，构成语法倒装。Have you heard from Jane lately?你最近收到简的来信了吗？【特别提示】在特殊疑问句中，如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，无需倒装。E.g Who let out the secret?是谁泄密的？What film is going to be put on this week?本周将上映什么电影？2. 句首为否定或表示否定的词语。如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely（ad
7、v.几乎不，简直不）, at no time决不, by no means（决不; 并不; 绝不，一点也不）, on no account（绝不，切莫）, in no case（无论如何不）, under no circumstances（决不，无论如何）, in no way绝不, not until，nowhere（无论如何；任何地方都不），on no condition（无论如何也不要）等。例如： Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 Never have I seen
8、 such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 【注意】当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。即：后倒前不倒。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. -Not until the child fell asleep the mother did leave the room.3 only在句首on
9、ly+副词/介词短语/状语从句时，主句倒装。例如： Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。（only+介词短语） Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.（only+副词） Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.（only+状语从
10、句） 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得很重时，他才卧床休息。 4.so, neither, nor作部分倒装，表示“也（不）”的句式表示同一种情况适用于两者，或一者同时具备两种情况是，可用“so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语”的倒装形式。Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。 If you wont go, neither will I. 你不去，我也不去。 【练习】 -Do y
11、ou know Jim quarreled with his brother? -I dont know，_. A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also 答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。 【注意】当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆
12、邀我去踢球，我去了。 -Its raining hard. -So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。 5.so that引导的结果状语从句中，当so位于句首时，用”sosuch + adj./adv. + 主语+谓语”。例如： So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。 So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it. 考试如此难，以至于大多数同学没能考过。6.as, though 引导的部分倒装 as
13、/ though引导的让步从句由于语法需要，可将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。但需注意： 1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如： Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a) Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。) Hard as he tried, he didnt pass the exam.(副词提到句首)【注意】让步状语从句中，有though
14、，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。7. May表示祝愿时，用部分倒装May they live long.May you succeed.四. 倒装之形式倒装形式倒装：形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是只把强调句的内容提到句首，主谓并不倒装。通常情况下，把感叹句、“the more . the more.”句型、as/though引导的让步状语从句以及whether/however引导的让步状语从句这个四种情况下的句法形式叫做形式倒装。1. 感叹句What an interesting talk they had!=How interest
15、ing a talk they had!2. the+比较级，the+比较级句型The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.3. Whatever+n.或however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句。Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.4. as引导的让步状语从句中，一般把所强调的信息放在句首；th
16、ough引导的让步状语从句中也可以这样倒装。Young as/though he was, he was successful.Child as/though he is, he knows much. 能力提升1.Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ come to a sound conclusion. A. can you B. you can C. would you D. you would 2._ that this region was so rich in natural resources. A. Little he kn
17、ew B. Little did he know C. Little he did know D. Little he had known 3._ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.C A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down C. Down jumped the robberD. Down the robber jumped4.Only in recent years _ begun to realize that wild
18、 dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm. A. people have B. since people have C. have people D. people who have 5.Out _, with a stick in his hand.B A. did he rushB. rushed heC. he rushedD. he did rush6.Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _ his head. A. that he turned B. did he
19、turn C. he didnt turn D. he had turned 7._ received law degrees as today. A. Never so women have B. The women arent ever C. Women who have never D. Never have so many women 8.Heat does not travel by convection（传导） in solid, because the solid does not move, _. A. so does a liquid B. so a liquid does
20、C. as does a liquid D. so is a liquid 9.On no account _ to anyone. A. my name must be mentioned B. must my name mention C. must my name be mentioned D. my name must mention 10. _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent. A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the construction robots are C. So clever are the construction robots D. Such clever construction robots are