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1、-新版新目标英语八年级下册unit1知识点总结-第 6 页 Unit 1. whats the matter?Section A1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？(1)matter n. 问题；事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you?你怎么了？ matter 和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the 用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用 W
2、hats the matter with sb? = Whats your trouble?= Whats up? = What happens to sb.?(2) matter v 要紧，有关系 用于否定句或疑问句中 It doesnt matter. 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语） Does it matter if Im a little late?(3) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上2. foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth牙齿3.have a/an + 疾病名词 患病 (cold/fever/cough) have a c
3、old=catch a cold 感冒 have a fever发烧 have a sore throat喉咙疼 have a sore back背疼 have a stomachache 胃痛 have a toothache牙痛 have a headache 头痛 have a backache背痛 have a earache 耳朵痛4. back n 背；背部 at the back of.在.的后面 adv 回原处 往回去 go/come back 返回 give back 归还5. hand n 手 hand in hand 手拉手 v 交给；传递 hand in 上交 hand
4、 on 依次传递 hand out 分发 6.too much +不可数名词 太多的 修饰动词，放在动词之后 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. much too +形/副 实在太极其，非常 too many +可数名词复数 太多的7.enough (1) adj. 足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time (2) adv. 足够地， 十分，相当 修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv后 expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong eno
5、ugh to carry the box.8. with prep (1)具有， 带有 , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征 （反） without hot tea with honey加蜜的热茶 tea with sugar 加糖的茶 coffee with sugar 加糖的咖啡 China is a country with a long history. She is a girl with long hair. (2)prep. 和.一起 talk with sb I like to talk freely with my friends.(3)prep 用.， 使用某种工具 Cut it
6、 with a knife. Write with a pen (4)状语 He came in with a big smile.9. What should she do?她该怎么办呢？Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？ should 应该 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务 should not =shouldnt 不应该 主语+ should/ shouldnt + 动词原形. . take ones temperature 量体温10. need v 需要 用于肯定句是实义动词 need情态动词，仅用于否定结构和疑问句或if/wheth
7、er引导的宾语从句态动词 (1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help. (2)人做主语 sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water? (3) 物做主语 sth need doing sth = sth need to be done 表被动 (4) neednt = dont have to 没有必要 must, need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用 Must I hand it in today?No. you _ .You can do it tomorrow. A. mustnt B. cant
8、 C. neednt Must I finish my homework now? No, you _. You can go home now. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant Must I start now?No, you_ A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt Need I go to school?- Yes, you must. No, you neednt.11.I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久
9、了。 without doing sth. 没有做某事、没做某事 I let the day away without doing anything at all. 我一点事也没干就让一天过去了。 The storm passed off without doing much damage.暴风雨过去了，没有造成多大灾害。12. lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ ) 躺 ；平躺 lie lay lain v 躺 卧 (现在分词lying ). lie lied lied v 撒谎 (现在分词lying ). lay laid laid v 下蛋，产卵 (现在分词laying ). li
10、e down 躺下 lie down and rest 躺下休息13. neck n.颈；脖子neck and neck 不分上下，势均力敌 hurt v. 使痛 ；受伤 表示肉体感到疼痛或不适，使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。 My leg hurts.14. see （saw , seen） v 看见 see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生，强调整个过程） see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）15. along/ down 相同点： prep 顺着；沿着 不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向 down
11、指“沿着下坡或者往南走16. get on-get off 上下大型交通工具（bus, train, plane） get intoget out of 进入/出来 小型交通工具（car, taxi,lift） get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过 get onalong well with与相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达 17.have to 客观需要 dont have to不需要 must主观必要 mustnt 不准，禁止 have to多种时态，有单三18. surprise (1) v 使吃惊surprising adj
12、. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的 surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶 be surprised + that从句 因.而惊讶 (2) n 惊讶 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 to ones joy/disappointment/satisfacation19.agree v (反)disagree agreement n同意(1) agree with sb. 同
13、意某人 I agree with you. (2) agree to do sth 同意做某事 (3) agree on sth 20. thanks to 多亏；由于(1)thanks to习语介词，thanks不可改为thank you，to后也不接动词原形，to表示感谢的对象(2)thanks for 因而感谢，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ing(3) Thanks=thank you 21. on time 准时 in time 及时 on time=at exactly the right time. 准时 （在规定的时间之内） 强调与某个时刻一致 in time = w
14、ith enough time to spare/ not late 及时（恰在时间点上）表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间 提前发生at times=sometimes 有时 have a good time 玩得高兴 have time =be free 有空 all the time 一直 at the same time 同时 by the time 到时候 for the first time 第一次 Its time to do sth =Its time for sth 是该做某事的时间了It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间sat
15、 once “立刻；马上”；on time“按时”；by accident“偶然”；at present“目前;现在”。22.trouble/trbl/n .问题；苦恼 get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼） be in trouble 处于困境中 have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难 That is a monkey on his back. Lets help him. C 沉重负担 A. He has a monkey B. He likes playing with the monky C. He is in trouble D. He is
16、good at studying23. 反身代词(1)反身代词的构成第一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数myselfyourself复数ourselvesyourselves第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves单数：himselfherselfitself复数： themselves(2)反身代词的常见搭配： enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 独自 help oneself
17、 to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。24. fall fell fallen v 落下； 跌落 fall down 摔倒，强调滑倒，摔倒，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾语时，应加上介词from She fell down from her bike fall off 指从某物上跌落下来。 The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the b ike. fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river. fall behind 落后
18、fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 fall asleep 入睡Section B1. feel sick 生病；不舒服 sick /ill adj. 生病的(1) sick adj. 生病的，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。 be sick of 讨厌；厌恶 sick person = patient 病人(2) ill adj. 生病的，只能放be (系动词)后作表语， be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill illness n.“病；疾病”2.be interested in interest (1)n 兴趣interesting a
19、dj.令人有兴趣的（表语/定语） interested adj. 对感兴趣（只做表语）(2)interest v. 引起关注；使感兴趣 变得感兴趣 的极大兴趣; (3) take/have an interest in =be interested in 对感兴趣(4) places of interest 名胜 lose interest in 失去兴趣3.as prep 作为，以身份4. be used to (doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事(3) used to do sth
20、 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth 5.one of .之一 one of + the +adj.最高级 +n 复数， 做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 One of the most popular colors is red in China.6. hit/hit/v. (hit/hit/) 用手或器具击；打 hit sb. 击中/撞到某人 The ball hit him in the
21、 face.7. almost / nearly adv 差不多、几乎、将近 都是程度副词,可以用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和名词, 有时它们可以相互取代8. lose lost lost v 失去lose ones life 失去生命9.because of 由于；因为跟句子时用because ,加名词短语时用because of词性 用法because 连词后接句子because of 介词短语后接名词或/ving(1) because of +n/ving /代词宾格(用于句中)Shes worried because of her son.(2) because conj +从句 （引导
22、原因状语从句） (3) because 还可以回答why 引导的句子(4) because 和so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一。10. on 修饰具体的某一天 onaSundaymorning onFriday11. find found found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难12.by oneself= alone = on ones own adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感
23、情色彩。13. run ran run v跑run out of =use up 用完 run out of 其主语通常是人 run out 其主语通常是物 run across 偶然遇见 run after 追求，追逐 run away 逃跑 run at 向.冲去14. own(1) adj. 自己的(2) v 拥有 owner n 所有者，物主 ones own 某人自己的 of ones own /ones own +n 某人自己的 (ones 要用adj. 物主代词代替) I want to have a big house of my own.15. ready adj 准备好的，乐意的，愿意的，做表语 be ready to do sth 准备好了啦做某事 be ready for sth 为.做准备16. important adj. 重要的，重大的（反）unimportan 作为adj 常跟在am,is,are后面，或者n name,thing 等前面 importance n 重要性 the importance of sth/doing sth n. 某事、做某事的重要性 Our teacher often tells us the importance of studying hard.